tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90174050442010341322024-03-12T19:57:05.252-05:00Where the Gold IsAmerica's wealthiest 1%, according to my research, have always been focused on maintaining the stability of our monetary system, whether that system is based on gold or, since 1973, on oil.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger44125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-28177709178103304422019-11-11T09:59:00.003-06:002019-11-25T12:37:30.505-06:00Bush Family Connections to Naval History<span style="color: black;">A Prelude to the story of Samuel </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Prescott Bush appears at this blog in "<a href="https://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2016/11/bush-and-fay-family-roots-and-skeletons.html" target="_blank">Bush and Fay Family--Roots and Skeletons</a>," first published November 25, 2016, but recently revised with new material added. That new material shows a link between the Bush-Fay family (Rev. J. S. Bush and wife Harriet Fay) and the Meiggs-Keith family who created the United Fruit Company. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">What follows here is much of the original story that appeared before the revision.</span> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Samuel Prescott Bush was born in Orange, New
Jersey, at the peak of the War Between the
States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the fact that his
mother, formerly Harriet Eleanor Fay, had been born in Savannah, Georgia,
Samuel's father was such a rabid Unionist, there were complaints made by members
of his New Jersey
congregation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Possibly that is why he
signed on in 1865 as chaplain aboard the naval fleet bound for California, commanded by
Commodore John Rodgers II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rodgers’
father was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i> senior officer of the
United States Navy—having commanded brave young American seaman for years in
battle against the more powerful British navy—when, in 1845, the U.S. Naval Academy
was founded near his home at Annapolis,
Maryland.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">Was Rev.
James Bush a mere man of the cloth, or were there other ambitions that took him
across the continent with naval officer headed for California's new Pacific Navy Yard at
Mare Island?<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was his later retreat to nature sincere, and,
if so, how do we explain his descendants' transition from transcendentalism to
transnationalism?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Beginning of the Black Budget?</span></i></b></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTuUQrso1KCyYb9AfYnI3vC4IX30_Wx_q7a67pcJZxnFPpiuaZTlDSEZqqTN_5HB_YCkVSWKH4-fAlhR0QhRzOJfCEV81tKtBQLMkBl0OyZ04MwCurW3HfgneBG-DmQuCn6oQYi2tQdHk/s1600/congress1.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTuUQrso1KCyYb9AfYnI3vC4IX30_Wx_q7a67pcJZxnFPpiuaZTlDSEZqqTN_5HB_YCkVSWKH4-fAlhR0QhRzOJfCEV81tKtBQLMkBl0OyZ04MwCurW3HfgneBG-DmQuCn6oQYi2tQdHk/s200/congress1.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Military begging from Congress?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black;">Strangely
enough, though Congress approved the establishment of the naval academy at Annapolis and
donated the Fort Severn Army base for its use, no funding for its construction
and maintenance was provided.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This all-too-typical Congressional failure to
fund what military men consider to be vital elements of national security helps
explain how today's black budget funding of weapons systems and covert
operations has come about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Numerous such
examples from history can be found—institutions chartered by governments in
name only—skeletons created without meat or blood to make them viable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>History also reveals myriad patriotic political
and military leaders, who trustingly paid for necessary supplies from personal
funds and then became frustrated by their inability to obtain reimbursement for
such expenditures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">As the years passed, such men would seek a means of funding
their budgets in a way that would eliminate the need to beg for crumbs from
Congress, as required by the United States Constitution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A perhaps innocent and quite understandable intent
to create a workable funding mechanism for national defense instead helped to
breed a militant strain of what Thomas Hobbes called a "disease of the
Commonwealth"—a ghostly off-the-books monster, separate from the sovereign
and accountable to nobody.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our goal is to track how that malignant
progeny was born—begotten through a marriage made in hell between makers of
munitions and magicians of money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once
we identify its parents, we may then be able to devise a way to excise and exterminate
it—like the life-threatening tumor it has become. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjddo24ryxfLBqMmzT3QLW07lsnQTjVnro5-ZGpFiexMJxF9_AOc7sSMJsQGMp81qtnZmoDMzirxv6LIWU4p2P5QyAcHlb_sThlI4vG_hHcIwGBQ1RKzicE728kSnzQs1R0-APVUb_1Ty0/s1600/DFC_george-bush.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjddo24ryxfLBqMmzT3QLW07lsnQTjVnro5-ZGpFiexMJxF9_AOc7sSMJsQGMp81qtnZmoDMzirxv6LIWU4p2P5QyAcHlb_sThlI4vG_hHcIwGBQ1RKzicE728kSnzQs1R0-APVUb_1Ty0/s200/DFC_george-bush.jpg" width="147" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black;">In his mature years S. P. Bush had a central role in
arming Europe and America in The Great War and then
died three years after grandson George was awarded a </span>Distinguished
Flying Cross for bravery in action<span style="color: black;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Samuel Prescott Bush died a wealthy man—his
fortune made from iron and steel—a necessary component, ironically, for both
building a civilization and for tearing it apart.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Moving On</span></i></b></span><br />
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVLOTkiPn7ldmIGeACX2MpCFHA-mLHMGU5gTD7QEGlFRkvToDJ8A7WTSQUrgzYCvaMQwhCP9bnasbHIAwfaU80rJKDNX_soN2nuzU1Jcargwvmkgyy8ftOP-agQtbM5EmryJemr_mbbiY/s1600/Overland_Trail_025.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVLOTkiPn7ldmIGeACX2MpCFHA-mLHMGU5gTD7QEGlFRkvToDJ8A7WTSQUrgzYCvaMQwhCP9bnasbHIAwfaU80rJKDNX_soN2nuzU1Jcargwvmkgyy8ftOP-agQtbM5EmryJemr_mbbiY/s200/Overland_Trail_025.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="color: black;">Samuel Prescott Bush was a two-year-old lad in Orange, New
Jersey, when his father boarded the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">USS Vanderbilt</i> in 1865.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are not told when the rest of the family
joined Chaplain Bush in San Francisco, only that he served as minister at San Francisco's Grace Episcopal Church until
1872.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Samuel
was six years old when Leland Stanford drove the golden spike into the
rails that linked the Atlantic and Pacific coasts in 1869.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before that auspicious date, travel was an arduous
task, eased somewhat in the 1850's by steamers traveling through Panama
or Nicaragua, though Rev. Bush had gone with the naval
fleet </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">around Cape Horn</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transportation technology was
changing then as rapidly as communications has evolved in our own generation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbjE6LLg72o_Yim9KHXGga3EV_eYSmQdZzOVNTuKfYZWUWd8OVMiGEnzzvMrRB3ylJVl8bZOmaEEZ-q_F3VcMIExAIlXUTDCbk0Q8eP6Z6P9wsUUZ-gttgJZA_B97SkRZIvwGn1_VmjC4/s1600/Overland_Trail_017.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbjE6LLg72o_Yim9KHXGga3EV_eYSmQdZzOVNTuKfYZWUWd8OVMiGEnzzvMrRB3ylJVl8bZOmaEEZ-q_F3VcMIExAIlXUTDCbk0Q8eP6Z6P9wsUUZ-gttgJZA_B97SkRZIvwGn1_VmjC4/s200/Overland_Trail_017.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black;">In 1870 the promise of the future was the railroad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the family journeyed back to the East in
1873, they in all likelihood made the trip by rail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rev. Bush was to become rector of the Church
of the Ascension at Staten Island,
New York, only a few miles from
his first church in New Jersey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What an exciting journey for a nine-year-old
boy that would have been—from coast to coast on a steam locomotive!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwQ6fDg7ZADrMbz6IowGYqKblF-5xy6-Xz4WFFzvPe1_zRFZywhWpXvNLVmxz2Tq2M7jji_lnnJBFUUPY-ARUYeUmRTegtW3vn7edgYf1qjePKomzDi0-iGUqiw2HVJr6Kxl5gP0VqpWQ/s1600/Camden-Amboy_Dock_NYC_d.jpg.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwQ6fDg7ZADrMbz6IowGYqKblF-5xy6-Xz4WFFzvPe1_zRFZywhWpXvNLVmxz2Tq2M7jji_lnnJBFUUPY-ARUYeUmRTegtW3vn7edgYf1qjePKomzDi0-iGUqiw2HVJr6Kxl5gP0VqpWQ/s200/Camden-Amboy_Dock_NYC_d.jpg.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="color: black;">The </span>Camden
& Amboy Railroad, built by Robert and Edwin Stevens, had leased its rails
two years earlier to the Pennsylvania Railroad, expanding its route closer to New York in the hope of
competing with Vanderbilt's New York Central.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Debarking at its terminus in New
Jersey, the Bushes were only a ferry ride away from Staten Island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
village of West New Brighton on the island’s north
central part was just a stone's throw west of Commodore Vanderbilt's Staten
Island Ferry, which carried commuters to Manhattan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>North of the New Brighton city center, standing on the
north shore, one could look<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>across a
murky channel of water called Kill van Kull to where Upper
New York Bay extends its fingers into the eastern boundary of Bayonne Peninsula.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Coming
of Age in Hoboken</i></b></span></div>
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<br />
Perhaps it was the change taking
place across this channel near his home that caused Samuel to seek an education
in New Jersey rather than go to Yale as
his father had done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From his Hoboken vantage
point, it was possible to watch New
Jersey being transformed into an arsenal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1873 the Hazard Powder Company's gunpowder
and explosives manufacturing center—first opened during the War of 1812—was booming,
figuratively speaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The area had
become an active railroad departure point for the movement of troops and
munitions during the civil war, a conversion which had spurred industrial
growth of all types. Prentice Oil
Company, established in 1875 in Bayonne,
was purchased in 1878 by John D. Rockefeller of Cleveland, Ohio,
as the site for his new oil refinery, Standard Oil of New Jersey, which later laid
pipelines to bring crude oil directly from the West and Southwest areas of the
country. Tidewater Oil Company, chartered in Pennsylvania, Rockefeller's biggest
competitor, moved there in the same year.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span> Samuel's school, Stevens Institute is shown in the photo as it jutted into the Hudson River.</div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdcSIOQLQYa0EyOzqOey71mNlQOsncEAPvwTOEKmw6E9m_4B0qTWzkh5KvmgusL1xEU1v_uzPo_cqj7mUYkwo8fNNeVKpbMhSuycaRfcb-avzFeuieM40fx7oGS2EiFRRebhKLvCE_E7g/s1600/hoboken+waterfront.jpg.bmp" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdcSIOQLQYa0EyOzqOey71mNlQOsncEAPvwTOEKmw6E9m_4B0qTWzkh5KvmgusL1xEU1v_uzPo_cqj7mUYkwo8fNNeVKpbMhSuycaRfcb-avzFeuieM40fx7oGS2EiFRRebhKLvCE_E7g/s200/hoboken+waterfront.jpg.bmp" width="127" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><i>Stevens Institute, top</i></span></div>
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Little did Samuel realize when he
entered Stevens Institute in Hoboken
two years later (1875) what a significant role oil and pipelines would play in the
lives of his descendants after his own death in 1948.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a
young teenager, he watched as increasing numbers of ships cruised through the
channel into Upper New York Bay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
While attending classes at Stevens high
school, followed by four years at Stevens Institute in the "Castle,"
perched as it was on a bluff jutting high above the Hudson
River, directly across from Manhattan's
Greenwich Village, he could watch Holland
America Line's ships arriving at their Hoboken
berth below.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before long, the Hoboken terminal would also be home to the
North German Lloyd and Hamburg-Amerika lines as well. He could not have dreamed then that his own son, Prescott S. Bush, would in 1921 become the son-in-law of G. H. Walker, the St. Louis banker who moved to New York in 1920 to become president of W. A. Harriman & Co., a corporate device he helped the sons of railroad tycoon E. H. Harriman set up to invest his millions in American and foreign business opportunities. One of those opportunities was the shipping companies seized from America's German enemy at the outset of WWI.</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1CJJ7bXgTxMOnkUlsPC9T2hilEO0EhyphenhyphenVme3DxnDopXynVw7_GdjbCLEbIr_n7vlWA51gXNE_gcj1ybQCo7PA66JCIHxETl4MUODHe-oeMExfDt6F_xlXGw1f-54uFOgbsVY7Jy4dP-oE/s1600/Black_Tom_I_LSP.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="441" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1CJJ7bXgTxMOnkUlsPC9T2hilEO0EhyphenhyphenVme3DxnDopXynVw7_GdjbCLEbIr_n7vlWA51gXNE_gcj1ybQCo7PA66JCIHxETl4MUODHe-oeMExfDt6F_xlXGw1f-54uFOgbsVY7Jy4dP-oE/s640/Black_Tom_I_LSP.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />
<br />
Had
he viewed the scene in person three decades later (instead of only <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mentally</i> upon hearing news reports in
1916), he would have been in great danger. The entire area exploded in
flames, sending shrapnel in every direction. With New
Jersey's industries supplying almost ninety percent
of war materiel to England
and France,
Hoboken—twenty
percent of its population consisting of German immigrants—became the center of
German sabotage activities.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Black Tom Island—today
Liberty State
Park, just south the Stevens campus—was a massive staging area for exportation
of munitions.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lehigh Valley Railroad, extending from Jersey City to Buffalo, N.Y.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span>,
would later be awarded $50 million in damages as a result of a lawsuit won by
Wall Street attorney John J. McCloy, whom we met previously in <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Taking the Golden Eggs</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank"> </a><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">Part I</a></span> and <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/accumulations-of-money-accumulated-power.html" target="_blank">Part II</a>.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The significance of this seemingly irrelevant
fact will become clear later in the history of the rivalry between the Samuel
Bush’s first employer, the Pennsylvania Railroad, and its biggest competitor,
the New York Central Railroad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That
important story, unfortunately, must be saved for another day.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Man of Steel</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
In 1884 Samuel Bush stood at the
Pennsylvania Railroad station, ticket in hand—employed by the very railroad
that would carry him west to a four-<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">year
apprenticeship in Logansport,
Indiana, and then to Columbus, Ohio,
with the Pittsburgh,
Cincinnati,
Chicago & St. Louis Railroad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
next two years he would work as assistant engineer of motive power, followed by
employment as master mechanic of the shops at Dennison, Ohio. By 1891, as a master mechanic, he had
made Columbus, Ohio, his permanent residence. In 1894, the year he married Columbus native Flora Sheldon, he became
superintendent of motive power of the southwest system of the Pennsylvania lines in Columbus, Ohio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In 1899, five years after marrying into the Sheldon family, Samuel took
a job as superintendent of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, a
major investor in which was William G. Rockefeller.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the two years the family lived in Milwaukee, the younger
son (named Robert Sheldon for Flora’s father and brother) contracted scarlet
fever and died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In their grief, the
family returned to Columbus
in 1901, when elder son Prescott
was six years old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the
Rockefeller connection was not broken by the return to Ohio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If anything, it was enhanced when he took a position with </span>Buckeye
Malleable Iron & Coupler Company<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">,
which owed a significant debt to the Rockefeller family.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94M-kGdw4KuitAvRqvTlpOXC-k3YxopDKlDNDQOKGppMcaQJ9q60qvvmLXawBzEAIYgmhBWy8o24tlp7Z-VwoDEytVBuoOs8xY_zqb3H1uIqN3REGuwhG8UGOSh2pF382N5Rm6CsoLHU/s1600/Buckey+pres.jpg.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94M-kGdw4KuitAvRqvTlpOXC-k3YxopDKlDNDQOKGppMcaQJ9q60qvvmLXawBzEAIYgmhBWy8o24tlp7Z-VwoDEytVBuoOs8xY_zqb3H1uIqN3REGuwhG8UGOSh2pF382N5Rm6CsoLHU/s320/Buckey+pres.jpg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Samuel became </span>vice president and
general manager of the company, known simply as Buckeye Steel Castings Company,
a manufacturer of car couplers and all kinds of steel castings.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span>
The corporation had begun business in 1881 amidst enormous competition—23 foundries
competing in Columbus
in 1887.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The president, Wilbur
Goodspeed, began producing railroad couplers in 1890, borrowing heavily from
Frank Rockefeller, who then helped ensure their marketability by acquiring <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buckeye stock in exchange for the debt and for
additional services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rockefeller and
another Standard Oil associate, Thomas Goodwillie, agreed to "use their
best endeavor to secure the introduction and use upon railroads of the said
couplers of the said corporation and in all ways to advance the interest of
said corporation."<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goodspeed, an artillery man in the Civil War,
maintained his shooting skills as a member of the Cleveland Gatling Gun
Battery, where he and fellow member Goodwillie first met. Such a knowledge of artillery would come in
handy when the factory would later produce weapons for World War I. By that
time, Samuel would be guided by Frank Rockefeller to play a role in the
national war effort.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Down at the Foundry</i></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWLD6MJ_JQtBG50xMpJLztepLTs-bwYrsc7wL8WwWbQ5JTMUb6oW0wfjnway4qQcQglTuKRrzfx4UkVihx2ReiAgvEdmobjW2JeUoKoqp52SwbVbpDSE1cA6yzDfnZ1aAKnOkivUHyzXA/s1600/janneycoupler.jpg.gif" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWLD6MJ_JQtBG50xMpJLztepLTs-bwYrsc7wL8WwWbQ5JTMUb6oW0wfjnway4qQcQglTuKRrzfx4UkVihx2ReiAgvEdmobjW2JeUoKoqp52SwbVbpDSE1cA6yzDfnZ1aAKnOkivUHyzXA/s320/janneycoupler.jpg.gif" width="228" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
The
new automatic coupler made in the foundry, like one patented by Eli Janney in
1873, as shown in the figure to the right, replaced the manual link and pin
coupler which required a man to stand between railroad cars and insert a pin to
hold the link in place.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An Ohio law requiring all railroad cars to be
equipped with automatic couplers by 1899, enacted shortly before the 1892
contract, promised that Buckeye could sell as many couplers as it could turn
out, thus guaranteeing their success when combined with the sales to
Rockefeller’s railroads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This connection
would be one of many to link the Bush family to the Rockefeller network.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although some sources state that the
Rockefeller brothers were at odds, the testimony that Frank Rockefeller gave in
1876 to Congress concerning the need for a law regulating interstate commerce, was
actually in line with the plan devised to maintain their control over the
government agency which would eventually regulate the industry.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Buckeye would eventually have
offices in New York, Chicago and Atlanta, and Samuel would be listed as a
director of the Hocking Valley Railway and the Sunny Creek Company, a trustee
of Mercy Hospital, a member of the National Manufacturers Association, the
Duquesne Club of Pittsburg and the Engineers Club of New York city, besides the
Ohio Club, Columbus Club and the Arlington Country Club.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1908 he was promoted to president, a
position that would advance him into the public eye as he chaired the executive
committee for more than a hundred Columbus
citizens appointed by the mayor <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to raise
funds for the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shortly thereafter,
he <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">apparently</i> went to Washington,
D.C. as chief of the Ordnance, Small Arms and Ammunition section of the War
Industries Board headed by Bernard Baruch, a
position that would have placed him in a position to help Buckeye convert its production
from railroad couplers to munitions, for which it had a ready market.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, it would have brought him in
contact with a cabal accused in 1933 of attempting to set up a military coup to
replace FDR. <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-arithmetic-doesnt-add-up-to.html" target="_blank">See this blog</a>. <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The relationships developed with the men on
Baruch’s Board would also have helped to ensure the entry of his son, Prescott
Bush, into an increasingly more complex military-industrial network.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 351.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Climbing the Social Ladder</span></i></b></span><br />
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtUADJOxC6WJ7_Nm-FawSKAS6D94qsQCxtiGL9zrECWQp9VEHy4D0DEWK4lOJ43gD5tebj8wgbuXeY8EQYVAh34ooNs24679uvs0rNDpJL5ItkAUJMmc1BIbOrsztvaE7AaxmcAvmMLsg/s1600/butler+sheldon+mansion.jpg.bmp" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtUADJOxC6WJ7_Nm-FawSKAS6D94qsQCxtiGL9zrECWQp9VEHy4D0DEWK4lOJ43gD5tebj8wgbuXeY8EQYVAh34ooNs24679uvs0rNDpJL5ItkAUJMmc1BIbOrsztvaE7AaxmcAvmMLsg/s320/butler+sheldon+mansion.jpg.bmp" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Butler Sheldon family mansion</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Marrying into the Sheldon family had greatly </span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">improved Samuel’s social
standing, to the delight of his widowed, social-conscious mother, Harriet Fay
Bush.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Flora was a daughter of Robert Emmett
Sheldon and his wife Mary Elizabeth Butler Sheldon of Columbus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary’s father was Courtland Philip Livingston
Butler, born in Clinton, New York, and her grandmother was "a
Livingston" who was even more society oriented than Flora’s mother-in-law.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Mary’s brother, Robert E. Sheldon, Jr. (born
1883) a 1904 graduate of Yale’s Sheffield
School, married a member
of the eminent Church family of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span></span></span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Church family connection helps to explain Samuel Bush’s membership in
the elite Duquesne
Club of Pittsburgh, since his wife’s sister-in-law was the daughter of
Samuel
Harden Church (1858-1943)—secretary of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati,
Chicago
& St. Louis Railroad (Samuel Bush’s employer until 1899)—as well as a
trustee of the Carnegie Institute, appointed by Andrew Carnegie
himself.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span>
Church’s work for the P,C,C & S.L Railroad, a subsidiary of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, took him and his family back and forth between Pittsburgh, Pa.
and Columbus, Ohio—both cities being steel-producing
centers with many other overlapping interests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It should be briefly noted here in passing that Church was a founding
member of the American Liberty League, the “cabal” to be discussed in greater
depth in the next segment.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[19]</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE8xdoTF2Hw8fgZCGMR0JJ3SB__i8GX5jPsLLxo9PUqGcgITgK7xPFcTxLmuaqxijtCUwg_Op9T4DVBuTBqIvIMkAo-NtcdpXBWCVn5HSy2kfNNTeHYyfoCPa7oAgRqlfm3HU6WRVV-KU/s1600/Sheldon+dry+goods.jpg.bmp" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE8xdoTF2Hw8fgZCGMR0JJ3SB__i8GX5jPsLLxo9PUqGcgITgK7xPFcTxLmuaqxijtCUwg_Op9T4DVBuTBqIvIMkAo-NtcdpXBWCVn5HSy2kfNNTeHYyfoCPa7oAgRqlfm3HU6WRVV-KU/s320/Sheldon+dry+goods.jpg.bmp" width="320" /></a>After Robert Sheldon, Jr. married
Ruth Church, they built a home in Upper
Arlington, northwest of the town center of Columbus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Called Marble Cliff, this suburban area (which
was made accessible in minutes as a result of Sheldon’s streetcar railway) became
the home to some of the wealthiest citizens of the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Robert worked for many years at the family retail
dry goods store which moved to extensive buildings in 1905, after Robert Sr.
developed a wholesale trade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This step
up in the world came after the elder Sheldon first succeeded Emerson McMillin
as president of the Columbus Street Railway Company and then in 1903 succeeded
General John Beatty as President of the Citizens Savings Bank.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[20]</span></span></span></span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Even
more significant than allowing him to accumulate a personal fortune, these
positions reveal very clearly that Robert Sheldon, Sr. had become an insider in
the syndicate headed by J.P. Morgan until his death in 1913.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Morgan bought out Pittsburgh’s leading steel producer, Andrew
Carnegie, in 1901 for $500 million to merge into Morgan’s United States Steel
Corporation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have already seen in "Taking the Golden Eggs" how
Morgan, operating as a clearinghouse between U.S. and foreign currencies, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>used William C. Whitney’s streetcar holding
companies’ “pump and dump” schemes to create income to finance the purchase of
Edison’s electric utility companies by a syndicate of American investors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He used this model also to develop street
railway, municipal light companies, and acquire steel production plants in
numerous smaller cities of the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It will be recalled that William Whitney
was married to Flora Payne, whose father was Senator Henry B. Payne of Cleveland—a long-time
associate of the Rockefellers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Flora’s
mother was a granddaughter of Judge Nathan Perry, one of the city’s founders in
1796, and daughter of Nathan Perry, Jr., the largest dry goods wholesaler in Cleveland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both Senator Payne and Samuel Bush also served
on the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, which began operations in 1914,
covering not only Cleveland
but Columbus, Cincinnati and Pittsburgh as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was William Avery Rockefeller’s son—William
Goodsell Rockefeller (1870-1922)—who would leave Cleveland and establish National City Bank in
New York City and would eventually usurp the Morgan Bank’s control of the New York Fed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was a powerful rung on which Prescott
Bush would begin his own career, as we shall see.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scioto</i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
Country Club</i></b></span><br />
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-67VmdXekmBFOsMC9-Yy72UrM3_tx4fB9nQkF5fH-7oTwDoqUxFY6Lz-3mjWTnAbjubBpqg3CERkMiVuojCfL-j5HmsVvmBCR5KGJFrg0gaDqVt5quYsEd0qXZygt7D0v1xk8cq0GD2s/s1600/1550+Roxbury+Bush+house.jpg.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-67VmdXekmBFOsMC9-Yy72UrM3_tx4fB9nQkF5fH-7oTwDoqUxFY6Lz-3mjWTnAbjubBpqg3CERkMiVuojCfL-j5HmsVvmBCR5KGJFrg0gaDqVt5quYsEd0qXZygt7D0v1xk8cq0GD2s/s200/1550+Roxbury+Bush+house.jpg.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Samuel built his family’s home,
one of the first to be built in Upper
Arlington, in 1908. All of the Sheldon siblings lived
within walking distance from Flora and Samuel, and they all belonged to
Arlington Golf and Riding Club, later to be known as Scioto Country Club, of
which Samuel, along with developers of the new suburb, was a founding member.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By far the grandest home was the mansion at
1599 Roxbury, owned by Flora’s brother, Butler Sheldon, who also served as
mayor of the community in 1909.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[21]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Butler
succeeded his father <span style="color: black;">as <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">President of Columbus Railroad, Columbus Light and Power, Columbus Traction
and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sheldon Dry Goods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their sister, </span></span>Mary Sheldon, married
Carl J. Hoster, a grandson of a native of Germany and operator of the family
brewery in downtown Columbus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also was president of the Hoster-Columbus
Associated Breweries, the U.S. Brewers Association, vice-president of the Ohio
Trust Company and director of Columbus Railway & Light Company—no doubt a
result of his marriage into the Sheldon family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Samuel
seems like such a likeable fellow—football fan and avid golfer, community
booster, loving father, attentive husband—just like all the Bush men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quite a bit like <a href="https://www.bachelorandmaster.com/globaldrama/andrew-undershaft-as-a-mouthpiece-of-bernard-shaw-in-major-barbara.html#.XcmCDdV7mUk" target="_blank">Undershaft in Bernard Shaw’s play,</a> actually.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grew wealthy while
manufacturing “mutilation and murder,” and tucked his cannons and torpedoes all
neatly into his father’s religion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All
in the name of patriotism.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;"><b>ENDNOTES:</b> </span>
</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="all" /><span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[1]</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> See
Benson J. Lossing, <i>Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812</i> (1869), <a href="http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~wcarr1/Lossing2/Chap09.html">online</a>;
to see the entire book, review <a href="http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~wcarr1/Lossing2/Contents.html">Contents</a>. Also see <a href="http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/johnaugu.htm">Biography</a> of John
Rodgers, whose mother was a daughter of Commodore Matthew C. Perry, who opened
Japan to American trade, and a niece of Commodore Oliver Hazzard Perry, who
stated: "We have met the enemy and they are ours." The Perrys of Newport, R.I., married into the
notorious Slidell family, as well as with members of the Vanderbilt and August
Belmont family—a fact which leads one to conclude that there is more to this
relationship than can be seen on its face.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div id="edn2">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[2]</span></span></span> See <a href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/monadnock.htm">photo archive</a> of
Mare Island ships.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn3">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[3]</span></span></span> "This
brief phrase was followed by a quote from the <i>Maryland Republican</i> that
began, 'The various buildings have been organized and surprisingly improved,
considering the small expenditures and the brief time allowed, especially the
quarters allotted to the midshipmen…' " [quoted by <a href="http://www.google.com/">Ginger Doyel</a>, "A Brief Look at
Buchanan," found at USNA<b> </b> website]. </span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn4">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[4]</span></span></span>
Thomas Hobbs had little regard for the concept of separation of powers,
which he considered to be a deterioration of the sovereign’s power to
protect its subjects: "These are the rights which make the essence of
sovereignty, and which are the marks whereby a man may discern in what
man, or assembly of men, the sovereign power is placed and resideth. For
these are incommunicable and inseparable. The power to coin money, to
dispose of the estate and persons of infant heirs, to have pre-emption
in markets, and all other statute prerogatives may be transferred by the
sovereign, and yet the power to protect his subjects be retained. But
if he transfer the militia, he retains the judicature in vain, for want
of execution of the laws; or if he grant away the power of raising
money, the militia is in vain; or if he give away the government of
doctrines, men will be frighted into rebellion with the fear of spirits.
And so if we consider any one of the said rights, we shall presently
see that the holding of all the rest will produce no effect in the
conservation of peace and justice, the end for which all Commonwealths
are instituted." Thomas Hobbes, <a href="http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/thomas_hobbes/leviathan.html">Leviathan.</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn5">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[5]</span></span></span>
According to the <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/peopleevents/p_rock_jsr.html">PBS
website</a>: "The Standard’s only
serious competitor -- the Tidewater Pipe-Line Company (later the
Tidewater Oil
Company)–emerged in 1879-83. It took Rockefeller by surprise and
succeeded in
building a pipeline from the Oil Regions east across northern
Pennsylvania to
Williamsport, where the oil was transferred to the Reading Railroad. The
Reading
then took the oil down to a refinery at Chester, Pennsylvania on the
Delaware
Bay. Rockefeller tried to gain control of Tidewater but failed, and his
rival
had about 10% of the market in 1888."
In 1953 J. Paul Getty would gain control of Tidewater. But that story
will wait until another day. For more information on the beginnings of
the
rock oil industry and the role played by <a href="http://www.allegheny-online.com/venangohist.html">Frederick Prenctice and
George Bissell</a>, founders of the New Jersey Oil Company in Bayonne, N.J.,
see Paul Frederick’s website about Venango County, Pa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn6">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[6]</span></span></span> A
history of Stevens Castle from a 1902 book (<i>Historic Houses of New Jersey</i>
by W. Jay Mills, 1902) is given at the website <a href="http://www.getnj.com/historichouses/castlepointhoboken.shtml">Get NJ</a>
, which states:</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">On the highest eminence of “Point Castile,” whose
“greene and white cliffes” were supposed to be “copper or silver mynes” by the
followers of Henry Hudson, on his memorable voyage up the river which bears his
name, Colonel John Stevens, the famous inventor, built a handsome mansion soon
after his purchase of Hobuck Island, in 1784, and called it the Castle....<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> </span>Hobuck Island, or Hoboken
Island, formed the largest part of the confiscated Bayard estate, and was much
sought after when it was noised about that it was to be put upon the market....<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> </span>Both the New Jersey and New
York shore lines above the harbor presented a very rural appearance in those
days. Back of the slim line of wharves were low houses and church spires, and
stretches of green fields and undulating meadow-lands rolled away into a
gradually rising and wilder landscape....<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">
</span>Hoboken as a pleasure resort, and the early Castle itself, are now but
memories. The present Castle was erected about 1845, and is a familiar landmark
to the millions who cross the New York and Jersey City ferries to the railroad
termini. Rising out of a grove of old trees, it is a most imposing building,
and it is pleasing to think that it is always to be owned by a Stevens and can
come to a serene old age, smiling on generation after generation....<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> </span>The Stevens home to-day does
not miss the wide strip of pebbly beach, now profaned by huge piers and
warehouses, the immortal river walk, which has disappeared, where old New York
came to promenade and recruit its wasted energy, and the forgotten green where
the weary rested and sipped their sangaree punch and strong waters. These all
belong to another period, but it can ever look proudly on the great institute
which the wealth given by Hoboken helped the family to establish, almost on the
spot where Colonel John Stevens, the planner of the forgotten “Hoboken, the
Beautiful” had his workshop and conducted his mechanical experiments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"> <a href="http://hbs.railfan.net/map.htm">A terminal
map</a> showing Castle Point, as well as an interactive <a href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd381/g3814/g3814h/pm005170.sid&style=gmd&itemLink=D?gmd:2:temp/~ammem_zGBi::@@@mdb=aaodyssey,gmd,gmd,gmd,gmd,gmd,gmd,gmd&title=The+city+of+Hoboken,+New+Jersey,+1881.+">map</a>
of Hoboken in 1881.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn7">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[7]</span></span></span> See <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="imperial"></a>"<a href="http://www.fas.org/irp/ops/ci/docs/ci1/ch3c.htm">Imperial Germany's
Sabotage Operations In The U.S."</a> at Federation of American Scientists
website.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn8">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[8]</span></span></span> According
to Jules Witcover, Sabotage at Black Tom: Imperial Germany's Secret War
in America, 1914-1917 (Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 1989):</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: small;">The
explosion—“like the discharge of a great cannon,” as a newspaper report
described it—sent flaming rockets and screeching shells high into the
sky like a mammoth fireworks display, turning the night into day.
Shrapnel scarred the Statue of Liberty and damaged buildings on Ellis
Island. The shock wave from the blast slammed into Manhattan, Brooklyn,
Jersey City and Bayonne, shattering thousands of windows. In Lower
Manhattan, glass and debris plunged to the streets. Pedestrians were
knocked off their feet. The blast jolted the Hudson Tubes train line
that linked Jersey City and Hoboken with Lower Manhattan, panicking
passengers.</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div id="edn9">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[9]</span></span></span> The
Railroad's <a href="http://www.trains.com/Content/Dynamic/Articles/000/000/002/461luder.asp">history</a>
shows how it came to be a wholly owned subsidiary by 1961 of the Pennsylvania
Railroad. When the LV first began expanding
into Pennsylvania by joining in a lease with the Philadelphia & Reading (a
railroad that had borrowed with assistance from financiers J. P. Morgan and
Anthony Drexel), until Morgan backed out on the Reading and allowed its
collapse. Morgan then agreed to fund the
Lehigh Valley and even moved its general offices from Philadelphia to New York.
"The independent stockholders of the line protested the diversion of money
from dividends into physical plant, and regained control in 1902. Several other
railroads bought blocks of LV stock — New York Central, Reading, Erie,
Lackawanna, and Central of New Jersey — and the road became part of <i>William H. Moore's</i> short-lived Rock
Island system. In 1903 the company underwent some corporate simplification,
merging and dissolving a number of subsidiaries....Several events during the
teens adversely affected LV’s revenues: a munitions explosion on Black Tom
island on the Jersey City waterfront in 1916, the divestiture of the Great
Lakes shipping operation in 1917 (required by the Panama Canal Act), the
divestiture of the coal mining subsidiary (required by the Sherman Antitrust
Act), and a drop in anthracite traffic as oil and gas became the dominant
home-heating fuels." In the 1920's
the Pennsylvania Railroad would hold 31% of the Lehigh Valley stock. <i>In
1961 the Pennsylvania Railroad bought all the outstanding stock to protect its
previous investment in the Lehigh Valley.</i>
The importance of this railroad and its merger with the New York Central
cannot be overemphasized and will be explored in future segments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn10">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[10]</span></span></span> U.S.
Supreme Court case <i>Z. & F. Assets Realization Corporation v.
Hull</i> (found at 311 U.S. 470), can be read in full <a href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=311&invol=470">online</a>.
McCloy also represented the other
plaintiffs (the Agency of Canadian Car and Foundry Company, Limited and
Bethlehem Steel Company), claiming arson against the German government under
the Settlement of War Claims Act of 1928. </span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn11">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[11]</span></span></span> The
name “Buckeye” came from the mascot of Ohio State University, where Samuel—a
superior athlete and great fan of the new sport of football—volunteered to
coach the university’s team.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn12">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[12]</span></span></span> Quoted
from "Memorandum of Agreement Made this 25<sup>th</sup> day of November,
1892 by and between Orland Smith, S.P. Peabody, R.M. Roland, James Timms and
W.F. Goodspeed,... and Frank Rockefeller and Thomas Goodwillie..." by
Mansel G. Blackford, "Small Business in America: Two Case Studies," <a href="http://www.h-net.org/~business/bhcweb/publications/BEHprint/v008/p0009-p0015.pdf">paper
delivered</a> at Ohio State University.
See papers on other subjects at the "Business and Economic
History" <a href="http://www.h-net.org/~business/bhcweb/publications/BEHprint/toc81979.html">website</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn13">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[13]</span></span></span> The
Janney Coupler was one of 8,000 patents, but its <a href="http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bljannycoupler.htm">design</a>
was probably the best.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn14">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[14]</span></span></span> The
testimony was <a href="http://www.history.rochester.edu/fuels/tarbell/UPTO69.HTM">quoted</a> in
Ida Tarbell's classic study, <i>The History
of Standard Oil</i>. It was the
resulting commission which <a href="http://www.geocities.com/doswind/myers/myers_index.html">Gustavus Myers</a>
discusses in another classic work, <i>History of the Great American Fortunes </i><i><span style="font-style: normal;">(1936).</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn15">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[15]</span></span></span> The
word “apparently” is used here for lack of any official source having been
found to verify his role. In The
Unauthorized Biography of George Bush, authors Webster Tarpley and Anton
Chaitkin cite their source for their statement as follows: “Gen. Hugh S. Johnson to Major J.H.K. Davis,
June 6, 1918, file no. 334.8/168 or 334.8/451 in U.S. National Archives,
Suitland, Maryland”. <span style="color: black;">Johnson (1882–1942), a West Point graduate, </span>worked
under Quartermaster General George Goethals to reorganize army
procurement, and he represented Goethals on the War Industries
Board—helping to integrate military and industrial sectors behind a
massive wartime buildup. He again re<span style="color: black;">turned to government in 1933 under the New Deal to head
the National Recovery Administration. Goethals had replaced John F. Stevens (from
the family who founded Stevens Institute) as chief engineer of the Panama
Canal. The <a href="http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/root/chapter1.htm#b3">chapter</a>
entitled “The War Department From Root
To Marshall” in the book by James
E. Hewes, Jr., <i>Special Studies: From Root to McNamara; Army Organization and
Administration </i>(Washington, D. C.:
U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1975), gives a good history of the
reorganization of procurement services during the first decades of the 20<sup>th</sup>
century. (<a href="http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/root/index.htm#contents">See Contents</a>.) However, it does not mention the name Samuel
P. Bush. </span>A short time
later, again according to Tarply and Chaitkin, he would move to the Facilities
Division of the War Industries Board.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn16">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[16]</span></span></span> General
Smedley D. Butler accused Gerald McGuire, who worked for Col. Grayson Mallet-Prevost
Murphy, of attempting to bribe him to use his influence with veterans to join
the cabal, which included Gen. Hugh S. Johnson, Robert Sterling Clark and John
W. Davis, attorney for the “Morgan Interests.”
The plot is described in the book by Jules Archer, <i>The Plot To Seize the White House</i> (New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1973), one review of
the many which discuss the plot can be read online <a href="http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/Coup.htm">here</a>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn17">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[17]</span></span></span> Her great-grandfather Samuel Church
(1800-1857), born in Ireland, was the
major partner in Kensington Iron Works after he moved to Pittsburgh in
1822—as well as a preacher for 17 years at the First Christian Church of
Allegheny. Colonel Samuel Harden
Church’s importance in the community of Pittsburgh can easily be seen from his
role in <a href="http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/jhgarrison/ccp/CCP301.HTM">the
Centennial Celebration of Pittsburgh</a> in 1909. The chapter on the celebration is excerpted
from the book by J. H. Garrison, ed. <i>Program of the International
Centennial Celebration and Conventions of the Disciples of Christ</i> (1909),
the <a href="http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/jhgarrison/ccp/CCP301.HTM">contents</a>
of which can be searched and read online.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn18">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[18]</span></span></span> Church
had even been a guest at Carnegie’s Cluny Castle in Scotland while retracing
Cromwell’s steps after his book was published in 1894. See Volume XXIV, <i>Biographical Review, Containing Life Sketches of Leading Citizens of
Pittsburgh and Vicinity</i> (<span class="hitline">Boston: Biographical
Review Pub. Co., 1897), p. 288. A
photograph of Cluny Castle is <a href="http://www.expressmedia.co.uk/carnegie/carnegie_story1.html">online</a>. Another trustee of the board selected by
Carnegie was modern painter John W. Beatty.
As stated in Garrison’s <i>Program</i>
described above: “</span>Andrew Carnegie
first chose Pittsburgh realist painter and friend John W. Beatty to head the
institute's department of fine art.”
Another famous Pittsburgh citizen, <a href="http://www.post-gazette.com/magazine/19991024history4.asp">Andrew W.
Mellon</a>, would also hold a seat on the board at a later date—as well as
serving in the role of U.S. Treasury secretary under presidents William G.
Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover, the latter of which also appointed
Mellon ambassador to Great Britain in 1932.
Mellon <span class="stnd">(1855-1937) was one of the richest men in the
United States, owing to investments in aluminum, coke, oil, and steel. Mellon will be profiled in a future article.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn19">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[19]</span></span></span> A photo
of Church and a brief description of <a href="http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/church.html">Church’s role</a>
in the plot can be reviewed at the website maintained by the <a href="http://coat.ncf.ca/">Coalition To Oppose the Arms Trade</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn20">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[20]</span></span></span> William
Alexander Taylor, <i>Centennial History of
Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio </i> (<span style="color: black;">Chicago-Columbus: The S.J. Clarke
Publishing Co., 1909), p. 198. This book
is <a href="http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Franklin/FranklinIndex.htm">online</a>
and has an excellent search engine.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn21">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">[21]</span></span></span> An
excellent website—highly recommended—with historical information and
photographs is maintained by the <a href="http://www.ghmchs.org/thisweek/photo-listing.htm#mcstation">Grandview
Heights</a> neighborhood association. </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-73953298064596466862017-06-18T13:36:00.000-05:002017-06-18T13:36:19.894-05:00The Family Business<ul>
</ul>
While researching a totally different money trail on another blog, <i>Quixotic Joust</i>, the author/blogger (i.e. me, Linda Minor) came across a point of intersection with the research being done currently for <i>Where the Gold Is</i>, and it rang a bell. That linking point was the Inniskillen Dragoons, a military regiment that shared links between the British government's presence in India during the Opium Wars era and also intermarriage with the banking family of Alexander Brown, whose sons operated the Brown Shipley company as well as being partners in their father's bank based in Baltimore. James Brown later became the senior partner in the New York investment bank set up around 1825 called Brown Brothers, which just over a century later merged with capital infused by sons of railroad tycoon E.H. Harriman.<br />
<br />
In America 1825 was the year the Erie Canal opened and opened up new trade routes into what was then "the West," areas such as Ohio, Illinois and Indiana. Just as American business boomed, Britain was going through a devastating financial crisis that year, just a decade after the end of the Napoleonic Wars.<br />
<br />
Alexander and Sarah Benedict Brown's son was<b> James Clifton Brown</b>, who married Amelia Rowe Brown: <br />
<ol>
<li>Douglas
Clifton Brown (b. 1879), married to Violet Cicely Kathleen Wollaston.
Violet was Grace Brown Hargreaves' granddaughter; James Clifton Brown
and Violet's mother, the former Anne Hargreaves, were first cousins.
Named <a href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portraitLarge/mw102288/Group-including-Douglas-Clifton-Brown-Viscount-Ruffside" target="_blank">Viscount Ruffside</a>, Douglas Clifton Brown served as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1943 to 1951.</li>
<li>Another son of James Clifton Brown—<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA155" target="_blank">Edward Clifton Brown</a>—became a partner in the Brown Brothers London office in 1899.</li>
</ol>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU9jKq2EHsHkkGdYmXJYBAKWGZleyG4WawMU_FuhSxMpQLdnmUFZNtxAZlhw2yhT6vq6xRqOSnlfCIculeQjzkQVDIZUOduELqxu15upFFd39jMaZySRfeBge0K3LmjmFx27KdbmqUE_0/s1600/Arbuthnot+in+India.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="495" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU9jKq2EHsHkkGdYmXJYBAKWGZleyG4WawMU_FuhSxMpQLdnmUFZNtxAZlhw2yhT6vq6xRqOSnlfCIculeQjzkQVDIZUOduELqxu15upFFd39jMaZySRfeBge0K3LmjmFx27KdbmqUE_0/s320/Arbuthnot+in+India.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.rajadeendayal.com/british.html" target="_blank">Arbuthnot</a> in India</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Anne had married a military man, <a href="http://www.thepeerage.com/p18408.htm#i184079" target="_blank">Frederick Eustace Arbuthnott Wollaston</a>, whose grandfather, <a href="http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/ivorjackson/donovan/054-shenton.html" target="_blank">Sir Alexander Dundas Young Arbuthnott</a>,
had fought in the Napoleonic wars—at Copenhagen in 1807, the capture of
Antwerp, and in 1814 had escorted to the Emperor of Russia and the King
of Prussia to England. He was 38 when he married in 1827. Their
daughter, Josette, was born in France, and in 1850 she married another
military man, <i>Frederick Wollaston, a Major in the Enniskillen Dragoons</i>.
It was their son whom Anne Hargreaves chose for her husband in 1877.<br />
<br />
<i>Footnote:
Intriguingly, Anne's marriage thus links the Brown family in a vague
way to our previous research. You may recall these battles in which
Admiral Arbuthnott was involved as occurring during the exact same time
that <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/08/conception-of-national-interest-with.html" target="_blank">John Murray "Jack" Forbes I</a> was acting as consult and spy for President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams.</i><br />
<br />
Violet Cicely <span class="SpellE">Wollaston</span> (daughter of <a href="http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/ivorjackson/donovan/054-shenton.html" target="_blank">Anne Hargreaves Wollaston</a>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> married</span>
Douglas Clifton Brown—second son of Grace Brown Hargreaves’ brother, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=C8fTAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA147" target="_blank">Alexander</a>,
and Sarah Benedict Brown, daughter of James Brown (see the first Brown
tree above)—thus uniting three branches of the Brown family, two in
England and one in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Sir Alexander Hargreaves Brown, who was born in 1844 (during England's second opium war with China), according to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=JdYNAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA102" target="_blank"><i>Kelly's Peerage</i></a>,
in 1876 married Henrietta Blandy, whose father Charles R. Blandy, was a
wine merchant in Madeira, an island in the Atlantic, west of Portugal
and Morocco. Two years earlier her sister had become the wife of the
famous electrician who had met the Blandy family while engaged in laying
the Atlantic Cable. <br />
<br />
The island of Madeira had been a huge
producer of sugar, using slave labor, late in the 15th century, but
shifted to wine production by the 17th century. The defeat of Napoleon
resulted in ceding the island to Britain in 1807, but it was returned to
Portugal in 1814, while the British government kept its eyes on the
strategic area through consuls, one of whom was Captain David Holland
Erskine, who was in <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=cbQyAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA305" target="_blank">contact</a> with Charles R. Blandy in 1862 concerning a claim against the Confederacy for destroying <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=cbQyAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA305" target="_blank">cargo</a> belonging to him. Erskine died in 1869.<br />
<br />
The pattern that emerges when we
look closely at the sibling attachments of the <a href="http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I121138&tree=Nixon" target="_blank">Hargreaves children</a>
indicates that Sir William developed a strong connection through Grace
Brown Hargreaves and her husband to military and Crown civil servants,
whose role was to protect the British Empire’s
investments during the late 18<sup>th</sup> and the 19<sup>th</sup>
centuries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One after another of the sons
and husbands of daughters was an officer in one of His Majesty’s Regiments. The Wollaston name was tied to the <a href="http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/ivorjackson/413.htm" target="_blank">Inniskilling Dragoons</a>, and the Arbuthnot(t) family stemmed from even <a href="http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/ivorjackson/909.htm" target="_blank">higher rank</a> in its closeness to royalty and, we would assume, to Royal Family investments.<br />
<br />
The Royal Exchequer, we recall from history, felt forced to turn their eyes to the Far
East in the attempt to siphon off a greater return from the East
India Company’s charter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1784 the
India Act was passed by Parliament to create a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=S8g_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA53" target="_blank">Board of Control</a>
to oversee the
company and eliminate the reasons for previous corruption and bribery
scandals
(as well as reports of torture and rape) involving Company officials. This rings a bell with some of Erik Prince's shenanigans, does it not? After Blackwater scandals, the company was forced to change its name and go into deeper hiding.<br />
<span style="color: #666666;"></span><br /><span style="color: #666666;"></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span class="GramE">But</span> the
most significant result, visible only in hindsight, was in giving these civil
servants and soldiers the opportunity to observe first-hand how the Empire and
<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=sc0NAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA500" target="_blank">its contractor</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company" target="_blank"><span class="SpellE">Honourable</span> East India Company</a>,
operated the lucrative opium trade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That
knowledge would be stored away in their collective conscience for future
reference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">It is worthwhile to peruse the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=sc0NAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PR73" target="_blank">Contents</a> of the public domain book, <i>The Register of Letters, etc.: Of the Governour and Company of Merchants of London Trading Into the East Indies, 1600-1619</i>, to gain a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=sc0NAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA348" target="_blank">glimpse of the metaphor</a> described in a previous blog <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/08/in-2006-author-was-asked-to-deliver.html" target="_blank">post about global family networks</a>.
In 1600 Queen Elizabeth had commissioned the royal adventurers to
explore and bring back wealth to sustain the government, as did James I
in 1604. Note, for example, this fascinating entry: "Letters Patent
exempting spices and drugs sold by the Company for re-exportation from
the operation of the statute for the well garbling of spices, 9th
August, 1606." A century later the contractors would be <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=dkEzAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA513" target="_blank">complaining</a> that the requirement that they clean and <a href="http://dictionary.babylon.com/garble/" target="_blank">garble</a> spices was too "oppressive and vexatious," requesting that the government assume that role, saying that it would <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=dkEzAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA537" target="_blank">benefit the public</a> and should therefore be paid for by the public rather than the businessmen.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"></span><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>The American Browns</b></span></i><br />
<br />
Alexander’s linen trade did so
well in Baltimore, that his
two youngest sons moved to Philadelphia
to set up a bank, primarily for the convenience of clients in Baltimore who wished to have an <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA21" target="_blank">agent in Philadelphia</a>
to purchase manufactured goods there on their behalf. William,
stationed in England, set up a separate partnership with his brothers
for the dry goods trade in Liverpool, but also opened a London bank with
a partner named Shipley to facilitate payments through the financial
center.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDrTGmxkheMrJtVq8gbt4RKrkm8Go-K-cw5c-pb1O6XFtMLyGEOru-m33T_JG9-gn0ZlalcKh8F_aoPxfRLQ55L3qk3sdzPcibTlBbWJIO6G590zzXkyUR3UhV_E1eVYm6uereqMSX4Rg/s1600/erie+canal.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDrTGmxkheMrJtVq8gbt4RKrkm8Go-K-cw5c-pb1O6XFtMLyGEOru-m33T_JG9-gn0ZlalcKh8F_aoPxfRLQ55L3qk3sdzPcibTlBbWJIO6G590zzXkyUR3UhV_E1eVYm6uereqMSX4Rg/s200/erie+canal.jpg" width="200" /></a>It was the opening of the Erie
Canal in 1825 which resulted in New York’s
becoming the dominant commercial and financial center in America and which inspired<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> James Brown </span>to set up Brown Brothers & Co.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> there. </span>John A. Brown remained in Philadelphia, but <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA47" target="_blank">retired</a>
in 1839, James to consolidate the Philadelphia
concern with his New York
office. Back in Baltimore, Alexander worked with the second son George
beginning in 1827 in organizing the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
Alexander died in 1834 and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA50" target="_blank">George retired in 1852</a>. His son <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA51" target="_blank">George Stewart Brown</a> replaced him in their business interests in 1865, along with a partner, his sister's husband <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA54" target="_blank">William H. Graham</a>, whose son-in-law <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA56" target="_blank">Benjamin Howell Griswold, Jr.</a> joined the firm in 1904.<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">John A. Brown and
George Brown sold their shares in 1840 to their brothers, William and
James, leaving James the head of American operations, which also
expanded to Boston during this period. More economic troubles in 1857
caused the firm to increasingly focus on banking operations and to ease
out of importing and exporting completely. The two brothers shared power
until William's death in 1864, and control passed entirely to James. In
1868 new articles of partnership were drawn up. By this time, William's
sons had died, his grandsons were too young, and only two of James's
sons had enough experience to run the business, making it necessary to
bring in outside partners and thus jeopardizing the Brown family's
control of the firm. Reorganized, however, Brown Brothers was now better
suited to a changing world. Its credit business became so lucrative
that the partners contributed outside money to maintain sufficient
working capital. When William's grandson, Alexander Hargreaves Brown,
became a partner in 1875, not only was family control restored, but a
major portion of William's estate returned to the firm, helping Brown
Brothers to prosper in the final decades of the 19th century. [</span><span style="color: #666666;"><strong><a href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/brown-brothers-harriman-co-history/" target="_blank">Source</a>: </strong><em>International Directory of Company Histories</em>, Vol. 45. St. James Press, 2002.]</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Moving from the British to the
American family, we find that the oldest son in Baltimore, George Brown,
succeeded his father at the Alex. Brown & Son bank and helped to finance much of
the Baltimore infrastructure,
including building the first railroad in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When George died, his wife, Isabella McLanahan Brown—the granddaughter
of an Irish-American who had served as U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania—donated
funds for a new Presbyterian church in Baltimore, which to this day is still
called the Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitaEtdU1CDlekbScJ7Flc-mtQQp1FpSQGycuprkpYnntRgp7KNNhsvL4FqxD_nrYQyT_1xpCH-2efXd2m1HE2JSxT258tW1LdrHacOEi1rjxW1wFq-5P0ogwMWSGP6TyfCfKjsqC30F9w/s1600/Elkridge-Md-Club.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="699" data-original-width="500" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitaEtdU1CDlekbScJ7Flc-mtQQp1FpSQGycuprkpYnntRgp7KNNhsvL4FqxD_nrYQyT_1xpCH-2efXd2m1HE2JSxT258tW1LdrHacOEi1rjxW1wFq-5P0ogwMWSGP6TyfCfKjsqC30F9w/s200/Elkridge-Md-Club.jpg" width="142" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://chestofbooks.com/sports/athletics/Outdoor-Library/Country-Clubs-And-Hunt-Clubs-In-America-Part-4.html" target="_blank">Elkridge Fox Hunt Club</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Their second son, <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=55402774" target="_blank">George Stewart Brown</a>, was in charge of the bank until
his own death in 1890, and was then succeed by his son, Alexander.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Stewart Brown’s major interest had been the
founding of the <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeeWRacXk2LTJCeDQ/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Elkridge Fox Hunting Club</a> in Maryland,
which brought him into contact with the wealthy Anglophiles on the Southeast
Coast, some of whom had relocated to Baltimore from Philadelphia, the original U.S. Capitol, and still had family back in Pennsylvania.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Alexander’s wife, for example, Bessie
Montague, not only came from a long line of aristocrats from Virginia,
but her father and brother headed a company in <span class="GramE">Baltimore</span><span class="GramE"> which</span>
acted as agents for two London-based insurance companies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="GramE">It was Bessie’s family from
which Mrs. Wallis Simpson (later known as the Duchess of Windsor) claimed
descent</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyzBAQflq3ipQjUg99bcFjwGTw1MbqOZNkTVKxujkxa1nBx_MlA093apHJqSmChqA-E4GZ7hZ61vNuuqX6dj1yAju7-mJIxMffI48KnVA-ElnavJNu0Y175TnQKoJ_cReNWbWEMdpE3S8/s1600/B.+HOWELL+GRISWOLD+JR.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyzBAQflq3ipQjUg99bcFjwGTw1MbqOZNkTVKxujkxa1nBx_MlA093apHJqSmChqA-E4GZ7hZ61vNuuqX6dj1yAju7-mJIxMffI48KnVA-ElnavJNu0Y175TnQKoJ_cReNWbWEMdpE3S8/s200/B.+HOWELL+GRISWOLD+JR.jpg" width="163" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://webapps.jhu.edu/namedprofessorships/professorshipdetail.cfm?professorshipID=88" target="_blank">B. Howell Griswold, Jr.</a> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Upon Alexander’s death, the
Baltimore bank management passed to his son-in-law, Benjamin Howell Griswold,
Jr., descendant of Matthew Griswold and Anne Wolcott, two of the most
distinguished families in Connecticut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The branches of their family trees are not
only inextricably interwoven with the most powerful names in Yale’s Skull and
Bones hierarchy, but over the years have taken on an increasingly German
connection, with a distinctly fascist-prone outlook.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The Griswold papers betray a
strong distrust of power in the hands of commoners not bred to rule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This distrust exhibits itself in promoting ever
greater secrecy in the government’s financing mechanism, which is slightly
easier to detect from an examination of the other Brown family bank—Brown Brothers
& Company—which would merge with the Harriman brothers’ bank in 1931.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="GramE"> </span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJuQBlD6yAt5NI2VIR4h2HdVZy7v4M4w91s8qG65HybkpPCUPcH3GC8qdyN0pCpawblWiPyJd_StyTcsbaEyfzd92cowvmyfPxck0ckGkSMYcrGBVFSBySXw1dwripwO7l-9bP7_h4TK0/s1600/Alonzo+Potter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="390" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJuQBlD6yAt5NI2VIR4h2HdVZy7v4M4w91s8qG65HybkpPCUPcH3GC8qdyN0pCpawblWiPyJd_StyTcsbaEyfzd92cowvmyfPxck0ckGkSMYcrGBVFSBySXw1dwripwO7l-9bP7_h4TK0/s320/Alonzo+Potter.jpg" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=68935162" target="_blank">Rev. Alonzo Potter</a>, Howard's father</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="GramE">During the first century of
the bank’s existence, it was merely a brokerage operation in which all four
Brown brothers were partners, though it was under the management of James, the
youngest of them.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Besides his
eldest daughter, who married her cousin William in Liverpool,
another daughter, Mary Louisa, married a man named Howard Potter, and their
son, James Brown Potter, would become a partner in both Brown Brothers &
Co. and Brown, Shipley & Co. Potter was a <a href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/William_Appleton_Potter" target="_blank">descendant</a> of some of America's most noted Episcopal bishops.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
From his marriage in 1879, a <span class="GramE">most strategic</span> connection would subsequently arise when his
daughter, Anne <span class="SpellE">Urquhart</span> Potter in 1901 married James
Alexander <span class="SpellE">Stillman</span>, grandson of the founder of
Citibank.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After <span class="SpellE">Stillman’s</span>
death in 1944, Anne married Fowler McCormick, a descendant of the famous
McCormick reaper family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was just
after 1900, in fact, that the brokerage firm took on more of a private banking
role—locating profitable investments for wealthy clients.<br />
<br />
We find some of these names reappearing at the time the W. A. Harriman & Co. investment bank was merged in 1931 with that of Brown Brothers of New York and Philadelphia. When E. H. Harriman's youngest daughter, Carol Averell Harriman Penn Smith became a widow in 1929, she soon married <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bykt2zCHeGHeeWRacXk2LTJCeDQ/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">W. Plunkett Stewart</a>, who had been a horseman at the Green Valley Hunt Club in Maryland. Stewart's daughter, Doris Lurman Stewart, in 1931 married <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pq8yAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA1037" target="_blank">William Potter Wear</a>, the first cousin of George Herbert (Herbie) Walker, Jr.</div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-45993765815733009862017-04-07T11:05:00.002-05:002017-04-07T11:05:42.873-05:00Political Fundraising, or "Pimping for Pedophiles?"<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/99811708/College-Republicans">Morton C. Blackwell</a>, founder of the <a href="http://www.leadershipinstitute.org/aboutus/Morton.cfm">Leadership Institute</a>, trained candidates and activists in <a href="http://www.leadershipinstitute.org/Training/subject.cfm?subject=4">such matters</a> as: </span></span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">How to raise needed funds and increase your donor base from the shared knowledge of direct mail experts and fundraising professionals. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">How to set up grant-making foundations and planned giving programs. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">How to draft a campaign plan, organize an effective grassroots coalition online and offline, fund-raise from low- and high-dollar donors, and develop a winning message that is sure to lead you to victory on Election Day. </span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYGKyGWFXzImdIGRdKlqUaO4ZR6S9zK5CZiOuKM8mu_BxO2QmaJqZOVq0s30wbCNhcJDjFWLVh7kJ3FcQ70Av8QxRpIXroy1fn-y6ZUNIcdreOfixTSR1Y3NLwrBvCfXtWjFi5MOO9OWY/s1600/CR_logo.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYGKyGWFXzImdIGRdKlqUaO4ZR6S9zK5CZiOuKM8mu_BxO2QmaJqZOVq0s30wbCNhcJDjFWLVh7kJ3FcQ70Av8QxRpIXroy1fn-y6ZUNIcdreOfixTSR1Y3NLwrBvCfXtWjFi5MOO9OWY/s1600/CR_logo.JPG" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At the College Republican National Convention in Orlando, Florida, on July 7, 1989 Blackwell gave a fascinating speech (printed in full at the bottom of this page) in which he focused, in his own words, on "sex," two scandals which were then in the news:</span></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The scandal involving Congressman "Buz" Lukens, who had just been sentenced to 30 days in jail on misdemeanor charges for having
sex with a 16-year-old girl, leaving unresolved whether he also had sex with her when she was 13. He would eventually lose his Congressional seat to future Speaker John Boehner in the 1990 elections.</span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The second scandal then unfolding involved the exposé of a
largely homosexual prostitution ring in the Washington, D.C. area. <i>The Washington Times,</i> which broke the story, was said to have in its possession 500 credit card receipts for sexual services rendered, involving </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Reagan and Bush administration officials--with reports of
bugged
rooms, two-way mirrors, blackmail and midnight tours of the White House
by teams of homosexual prostitutes. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFYpoPn2FCpy-ZOzDFuHUrZ8obJLGOagTsgRoCcXc-mpgESvHqu17CxkE3wrWrKeConJSy7TMekRcToyQVV_Ucvki9vDZxYPOCmBsX0xBroVo5yzvRAQuGp5Xd_vXK3gzypOfiQmrqMCk/s1600/Call+boys_1989.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFYpoPn2FCpy-ZOzDFuHUrZ8obJLGOagTsgRoCcXc-mpgESvHqu17CxkE3wrWrKeConJSy7TMekRcToyQVV_Ucvki9vDZxYPOCmBsX0xBroVo5yzvRAQuGp5Xd_vXK3gzypOfiQmrqMCk/s640/Call+boys_1989.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1989 Republicans' <a href="http://educate-yourself.org/tg/wtpage1edit2000w.jpg" target="_blank">Call Boy scandal</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blackwell's speech was sincere, showing his admiration for Lukens' work for Republican values but not for his personal choices, saying: </span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHd2X3wBfl2QPdXp6oNu7S1rcBTHm2HORuD67-ngyNPSKl7jsM3JhHuHDgLxItJX-DLNHqyDzWvH8DB3rAjHXkG9Ry5-1xB1JN36ZvXDzlGF9kALr4umhXTySoda4ZvC5inEZS35FA0gw/s1600/buz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHd2X3wBfl2QPdXp6oNu7S1rcBTHm2HORuD67-ngyNPSKl7jsM3JhHuHDgLxItJX-DLNHqyDzWvH8DB3rAjHXkG9Ry5-1xB1JN36ZvXDzlGF9kALr4umhXTySoda4ZvC5inEZS35FA0gw/s200/buz.jpg" width="124" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Buz Lukens</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I want to be sure you know, that Buz Lukens played a <i>unique role</i> in
the development of the conservative movement. And he was a <i>key player</i> at
a critical time in Republican youth politics. My first College Republican National Convention was in 1963,
while I was state College Republican chairman of Louisiana. In those
days the College Republican and Young Republican national conventions
were held together. In 1963 in San Francisco, Goldwater Republicans won control of
both organizations. An exciting book could be written about how <i>Buz
Lukens became the new Young Republican national chairman</i>. It was a new
era.</span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3jGzEZvbk2pZ-pXAkN-X4PkNamRUxkF8EBNWLwNYQg5qsqmfoOrp0wZTh-EZ-ONG-mewiOv7f5xMHBCv8e5qqX1UCZfHJxGCd1x0bO4nDhdPkuqbLaex6gZKpVutB3_S67eRvwgjVxS4/s1600/Bozell&Buckley,1954.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3jGzEZvbk2pZ-pXAkN-X4PkNamRUxkF8EBNWLwNYQg5qsqmfoOrp0wZTh-EZ-ONG-mewiOv7f5xMHBCv8e5qqX1UCZfHJxGCd1x0bO4nDhdPkuqbLaex6gZKpVutB3_S67eRvwgjVxS4/s200/Bozell&Buckley,1954.jpg" width="188" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1954 photo of Bozell with Buckley</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blackwell and Lukens had both apparently been early</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">members of the American Conservative Union Foundation (ACUF), a 501(c)(3) educational foundation, first <a href="http://conservative.org/about-acu/history/" target="_blank">created</a><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">December 18,</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> 1964 by </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">William F. Buckley Jr., <a href="http://www.seekgod.ca/cnp.be.htm#bozell" target="_blank">L. Brent Bozell</a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(who was married to Buckley's sister, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Buckley_Bozell" target="_blank">Patricia</a>), </span></span>and Robert <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">E. Bauman and others, with a </span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://conservative.org/about-acu/history/#ixzz20i732xtn" target="_blank">three-fold mission</a>: </span></span></span></span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<ol><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">To consolidate the
overall strength of the American conservative movement through unified
leadership and action, </span></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">To mold public opinion, and </span></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">To stimulate and direct
responsible political action.</span></span></span></li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bauman would be encouraged by Goldwater and Buckley in 1980 to "pull out" of his campaign for re-election after his admission to having "<a href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19801009&id=OG4xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BwYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6680,4648067&hl=en" target="_blank">homosexual tendencies</a>" following his arrest for soliciting a 16-year-old boy, which had prompted his being blackmailed by <a href="http://md.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19801230_0000103.DMD.htm/qx" target="_blank">James Edward Regina</a>, a 26-year-old male who attempted to extort $2,000 from the Maryland congressman in exchange for a promise not to tell about their affair.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Walter Brasch wrote in <a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2009/06/26/tarnished-shields/" target="_blank"><i>Counterpunch</i></a> (June 26-28, 2009), an article entitled</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span>"<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Adultery as Family Value? </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tarnished Shields":</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3knc1-SNTXIga8Kf7HEgrRQys3OIVjphx7ODZa1l2bqgCIyDb-BAzfEsz0EhiQvf3mnybNpMO-akKdc2QOub0a0XoveIZp2krdJTSofmiHTQKsvgtF1zpSSZmnts9ynZB0IchmGe81fg/s1600/republican-3-family-values.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3knc1-SNTXIga8Kf7HEgrRQys3OIVjphx7ODZa1l2bqgCIyDb-BAzfEsz0EhiQvf3mnybNpMO-akKdc2QOub0a0XoveIZp2krdJTSofmiHTQKsvgtF1zpSSZmnts9ynZB0IchmGe81fg/s200/republican-3-family-values.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Republican leaders aren’t the only ones who commit
adultery, nor are conservatives or members of the Religious Right,
including preachers, solely the ones to have violated the seventh and
tenth Commandments. Democrats also have a litany of their own scandals.
But, it is the "family values" Republican leaders, who have led the
party of right wing moral indignation; it is the Religious Right that
has overtaken the party and wears the now-tarnished shield of
righteousness to protect itself against anyone who doesn’t share their
own views of the world, including moderate and liberal Republicans, and
anyone belonging to another political party. </span></span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>White House Press Scandal of 2005</b></i></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">A</span><span class="published"> February 18, 2005 </span><i>Houston Chronicle</i> story revealed that Robert R. "Bobby" Eberle had a bachelor's degree from Texas A&M University, a master's and a doctorate degree in engineering from Rice, and that he had once worked as an aerospace engineer at Lockheed Martin before deciding to become a political journalist. He began working with Young Republicans after politically supporting a losing 1994 Congressional campaign. [fn - Given the fact he lived in Pearland, a small city on the border of Brazoria and Harris Counties, by 2005 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1994" target="_blank">Tom Delay's 22nd Congressional District</a>), we must assume he lived elsewhere in 1994, or else that he worked for a different campaign. He could not have worked for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Stockman" target="_blank">Steve Stockman</a>, who also won that year.]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Bobby Eberle stated that his interest in politics was motivated by the deaths of two teenage girls from Waltrip High School in 1993--the same school in Houston, incidentally, where Barbara Bracher had graduated in 1973. Barbara's father had been born in Texas to Barbara's grandparents--Gustav Adolphus Bracher (born in Bern, Switzerland in 1882) and a Texas-born Selma, daughter of Max Adolph Schneider (born in Germany in 1847). Gus Bracher's father had immigrated to Brenham, Texas before 1887 when Gus was a child, and died there in 1908 after his wife, Rosette Meister Schneider, gave birth to three more children who were confirmed in the Lutheran Church at Brenham. She too died in 1931 in the town of Wallis, midway between Rosenberg and Sealy in Austin, County, Texas, where she spent the last eight years of her life with a married daughter named Ida Sprain.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Barbara Olson's grandfather, Gus A. Bracher, lived to be 91 years old, dying in 1973 at Heights Hospital in Houston. He had spent his adult life as a civil engineer with the Texas Highway Department, building state roads. After retirement, he moved to Houston, where his adult sons operated a lumber company near Heights Blvd. and Yale Street. That was his address at the time Gus received his WWII draft notice--190 Yale, next door to their business.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">When Barbara's father' Victor Charles, was born in 1916, Gus and Selma lived in Beaumont, but by 1918, the highway department had assigned Gus to work in Columbus, Texas. While Gus was off on assignment building a new highway, Selma often lived with her parents, the Schneiders, at 2300 East Avenue in Austin, an address which has not existed since Interstate Highway 35 was adjacent to that right-of-way, and Texas Longhorn stadium has since been built at the site. Their house, which had been across the street from Mt. Calvary Cemetery, was next door to inventor Herbert O. Winfrey, who <a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US1271406?dq=ininventor:%22Herbert+O+Winfrey%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOlMC144rRAhWg0YMKHUUZBQUQ6wEIHTAA" target="_blank">patented a machine</a> that made tamales. Gus Bracher and Selma Schneider married in Austin, Texas in 1912, and their first child, Edwin, a pilot, achieved the rank of captain for the Scandinavian Airlines System, after co-founding the airline. Edwin also was active in YMCA organizing and in Rotary International, sponsoring in 1963 the founding of the new chapter in Clear Lake City by NASA contractors and astronauts who worked at the LBJ Space Center.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The second son, Barbara's father, Victor Charles Bracher, operated the lumber company Edwin owned, using it as a base for his his house-building and land development company in Houston. Located on Yale Street, the lumber company was a few miles south of 842 W. 43rd Street -- the house where Barbara grew up. The modest home on a tree-lined street was a mile and a half from Waltrip High School, attended 20 years later by two girls who were gang-raped and murdered. Whether or not that incident elicited any attention from Barbara is unknown, although <a href="https://www.morelaw.com/verdicts/case.asp?n=14-00-00577-CV&s=TX&d=17953" target="_blank">her mother and two siblings</a> were still living in Houston then and may have mentioned it to her. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">During Barbara's last year at Waltrip, her father had been chosen by a group affiliated with Oveta Culp Hobby, which submitted his name as a person to work with Governor Dolph Briscoe in his campaign to attack the use of bonded water districts then being used by developer <a href="http://www.texasmonthly.com/politics/the-most-powerful-texans/" target="_blank">Walter Mischer</a>, a client of John Connally's law firm, Vinson & Elkins. Dolph Briscoe, however, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8008917/briscoe_appointed_friend_instead_of/" target="_blank">refused to select Bracher</a> and chose his own man. Perhaps he suspected that Bracher, who had obtained financing from the Connally-affiliated bank, First City in Inwood Forest, would not oppose the law firm Vinson & Elkins, which acted as legal counsel for the large majority of those districts. Mrs. Hobby, of course, was a member of the Suite 8-F Crowd, just as Walter Mischer was being groomed to be at that time. Connally as governor named Mischer to sit on the prison board in 1965. [fn - The Suite 8-F Crowd took its name from the Lamar Hotel suite of
George and Herman Brown, founders of road construction and engineering
company, Brown & Root, which their foundation sold to Halliburton a
year after Herman's death. <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fbrbg" target="_blank">George</a>
then used the Brown Foundation to buy his way into Houston "Society,"
which is defined in terms of Rice University, of which he was placed on
the Rice board of trustees after <a href="http://ricehistoricalsociety.org/a_university_so_conceived_07.html" target="_blank">helping</a> oilman Harry C. Wiess acquire for Rice the <a href="https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth245263/m1/1/" target="_blank">Rincon field</a> from Nazi sympathizer William Rhodes Davis. After serving with Wiess on the board, Brown was named to the <a href="http://ricehistoricalsociety.org/a_university_so_conceived_08.html" target="_blank">chairmanship of Rice's trustees in 1950</a>.]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Barbara Bracher began her undergraduate education in Austin at the University of Texas but soon transferred to St. Thomas University in Houston, a Catholic school from which she graduated in 1978, two years after marrying James Barton McNeil, also from a Houston family. However, she filed for divorce from him in Houston in 1980, using her father's attorney, Dan Wolfe. Her father died in 1987, after Barbara had given up ballet-dancing and her work for a movie production company. She graduated from Yeshiva University Cardozo School of Law, located at the corner of <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@40.7349061,-73.9944745,3a,37.5y,144.87h,89.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s920DKLzttwUrYkfzQsqyeg!2e0!5s20070901T000000!7i13312!8i6656" target="_blank">Fifth Avenue and East 12th Street</a> in downtown Manhattan, in 1989.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Theodore Olson revealed much of Barbara's history in the <a href="http://www.fed-soc.org/publications/detail/1st-annual-barbara-k-olson-memorial-lecture-transcript" target="_blank">1st Annual Barbara K. Olson Memorial Lecture</a> at the Federalist Society For Law And Public Policy Studies, delivered three weeks after 9/11.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b>Talon News--</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">A Plethora of Pedophiles</span></b></i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">White House press scandal in 2005 in which linked his ... to the mysterious background of Jeff Gannon a/k/a James
Guckert, a former press member of <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=bobby_eberle_1" target="_blank">Talon News</a>, which was wholly owned by </span>GOPUSA, the property of Bruce's brother, Bobby Eberle, a so-called "grassroots Republican organizer" at the time.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The scandal erupted after Gannon, not only was seated within the professional press corps at the George W. Bush administration's press briefings, but was often called on by name in the hope he would toss <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=john_aravosis_1" target="_blank">“softball” questions</a> to President Bush and his press secretaries. <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=bobby_eberle_1" target="_blank"><i>Media Matters</i></a> alleged that Gannon's press credentials were, in fact, flawed since:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Gannon/Guckert pieces for Talon News
are little more than what it calls “reprints of Republican and Bush
administration releases,” and demonstrates that Gannon is a frequent
“lifesaver” for White House press secretary Scott McClellan, who
regularly calls on Gannon/Guckert when he needs a safe question to allow
him to get back on track. Media Matters has found out more about Talon
News itself; it reports that the information unearthed “casts additional
doubt on Talon’s claim to be a media outlet and raises questions about
whether Gannon/Guckert should be a credentialed member of the White
House press corps.” </span></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">At the time Gannon's background first became a news issue, the internet was still reeling over </span><span class="class1"><span class="classfont">disclosures in </span></span><span class="class1"><span class="classfont">Omaha involving </span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">the </span><span class="class1"><span class="classfont">Franklin Community Credit Union, centered around a pedophile ring operated by Lawrence E. King, Jr., a nationally influential black Republican, for the gratification of </span></span><span class="class1"><span class="classfont"> the political and business elite of both Republican and Democratic parties, according to </span></span>Webster G. Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin in their book, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0930852923%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><i>George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography</i></a>, Chapter 21, entitled "Omaha."
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The story was reiterated in a more recent volume by author Nick Bryant in a 2009 TrineDay publication called<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0977795357%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><i>The Franklin Scandal: A Story of Powerbrokers, Child Abuse and Betrayal</i></a></span></span><span id="btAsinTitle">. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span id="btAsinTitle">The Penn State controversy surrounding Jerry Sandusky's involvement with young boys has brought further attention on the sexual obsession certain men have with innocent boys who look up to them as role models. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Gannon/Guckert admitted to being a “former” gay
prostitute, but said no one at the White House knew
about his sexual past, and asked: “Does my
past mean I can’t have a future? Does it disqualify me from being a
journalist?” He used a pseudonym, he said, because his real name is
difficult to pronounce.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE2aqRPm6qBDf5gUgG-djwmtYI5Tq-Sz-osP7SNlfIpdvGmUPa7-274HvQXlXYJfh2t_eL11M8QyOo6FAdwjw08pDS_-iQOgQP2SrOyvjaJndiLnwqzcxJpmwnO-s3Cv2dxdJNJFeeNso/s1600/gannonaol.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE2aqRPm6qBDf5gUgG-djwmtYI5Tq-Sz-osP7SNlfIpdvGmUPa7-274HvQXlXYJfh2t_eL11M8QyOo6FAdwjw08pDS_-iQOgQP2SrOyvjaJndiLnwqzcxJpmwnO-s3Cv2dxdJNJFeeNso/s200/gannonaol.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Gannon a<span style="font-size: small;">/k/a Guckert</span></span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Liberal gay activist <a href="http://americablog.com/author/john-aravosis" target="_blank">John Aravosis</a>, whose
<a href="http://americablog.com/2005/02/gannonguckert-talks-to-wash-post-and-so-does-aravosis.html" target="_blank">AmericaBlog</a> was the first to publish <a href="http://americablog.com/2005/02/is-gannon-guckert-you-decide.html" target="_blank">pictures of Gannon/Guckert </a>advertising his
sexual favors on gay escort websites [now apparently expurgated from the web]. One of the removed photos can still be viewed at another Democratic website forum, however, under the caption <a href="http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=104x3376075" target="_blank">Gannon's 21 Club</a>. and provides a link to an even more blatant reference to Republican connections to <a href="http://agitprops.org/gannon.html" target="_blank">gay prostitution</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Both Aravosis and the Agitprops blogger (name taken from a Russian word meaning the bureau which plans agitation and propaganda) said the issue was not
Gannon/Guckert’s right to be a journalist but rather his ability to gain “White House access.…” without having to go through Secret Service channels or other security clearances. But they failed to gain credence because of their blatant bias against Republicans.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">They totally ignored a similar situation that occurred when a <span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Democrat, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">R. Spencer Oliver</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">,
or at least a person or persons using his private telephone line, was undoubtedly operating a call-girl operation for the “benefit” of
visiting “straight” local political chairmen at the national
headquarters of the Democratic Party in 1972. Oliver's father was, according to <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as1&asins=0394514289&ref=tf_til&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">Jim Hougan</a>, employed by the same public relations firm that had hired both E. Howard Hunt and Douglas Caddy--<a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Hustlers.html" target="_blank">Robert R. Mullen and Co</a>.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Providing Prostitutes for Politicos</span></span></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">As Far Back As Watergate?</span></span></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz0Dq8D2te-urjiX_ID9dHj9CCiaNqkHecJDjY1O2N_GfmgekjYB-WZqAhHOloj6IyyKoQrZ6Zd-_vZKbigjcMCh22Hs4XxbsvDmSMGOVYUgPFzgONZQbyQUrkpZ3zL7Hm-K7cZ9fzS5w/s1600/Spencer_Oliver.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz0Dq8D2te-urjiX_ID9dHj9CCiaNqkHecJDjY1O2N_GfmgekjYB-WZqAhHOloj6IyyKoQrZ6Zd-_vZKbigjcMCh22Hs4XxbsvDmSMGOVYUgPFzgONZQbyQUrkpZ3zL7Hm-K7cZ9fzS5w/s200/Spencer_Oliver.jpg" width="160" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">R. Spencer Oliver today</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Is it possible that this left/right dichotomy is merely part of a higher or outside power unrelated to issues presented to the American voter? Consider the role played by <a href="http://jimhougan.com/wordpress/?tag=spencer-oliver-jr" target="_blank">R. Spencer Oliver, Jr.</a> from the Watergate controversy down to the present day:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In 1977 he was a member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (<a href="http://www.osce.org/who/87" target="_blank">CSCE</a>), who took part in the Belgrade Conference led by Arthur J. Goldberg to consider violations of the Helsinki Accords. According to the <a href="http://www.osce.org/who/timeline/1970s/04" target="_blank">website</a> of the Organization on Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which replaced the Commission:</span></span></blockquote>
<div id="main">
<div class="column" id="column-1">
<div class="items" id="description">
<div class="item">
<div class="contents">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
Helsinki Final Act encompasses three main sets of recommendations,
which are often referred to as 'baskets'. These three baskets are:</span></span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<ol><span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Questions relating to security in Europe. </span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Co-operation in the fields of economics, of science and technology, and of the environment. </span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
<li><span style="color: #666666;">
</span><div style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Co-operation in humanitarian and other fields.</span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">In a <a href="http://www.channelingreality.com/Helsinki/discovering_history_Helsinki_Final_Act.htm" target="_blank">paper written by</a><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.channelingreality.com/Helsinki/discovering_history_Helsinki_Final_Act.htm" target="_blank"> Vicky Davis</a> on March 5, 2008 it was stated:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
Helsinki Final Act is -- with the benefit of hindsight, one of the most important
agreements the U.S. ever entered into in terms of how it
affects U.S. domestic affairs. The scope of it is
breathtaking. And when the lines are drawn from the
conceptual areas of agreement to the legislation and actions
of our government, it becomes clear that members of Congress
-- and
in particular, the Senate are <i>mere puppets</i> who have in effect,
been <i>operating as agents of a foreign
power</i> -- against the interests of the American people and our
nation.
So how did that happen?</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">When Willy
Brandt was elected in West Germany in 1969, the peaceful
reunification of East and West Germany was a priority.... Toward
that goal, the Conference on Security and Co-operation in
Europe (CSCE) began in 1973 and the agreed upon framework of
actions for reunification was codified in the Helsinki Final
Act that was signed in 1975....</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">One would be hard pressed to consider that the establishment of the David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission in 1973 was coincidental to the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) given that the mission of the of the Trilateral Commission coincides with the agenda of the Helsinki Final Act. Even though Japan was not a participant in the CSCE, the efforts of Nixon and George H.W. Bush to open up China led to Bush sending Robert Zoellick to Asia to assist in the establishment of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperative in 1989.</span></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Let's focus here on R. Spencer Oliver, Jr., who would ultimately become the first Secretary General of <a href="http://www.oscepa.org/about-osce-pa/international-secretariat/secretary-general/559-r-spencer-oliver-united-states" target="_blank">OSCE's Parliamentary Assembly</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUXNPjLwKFofQWiWrjluZNLGGktV0VyFmOfm0gagy5tUcl4ami1a8p-8xk9R9ajPqh9tjP5oz_XhbL2LdIb0EUR1Hn_DDnpYbRXnsGmSV8OdrKdxBzATWRUVuxzFW8zr0dBAGJ3JDyO20/s1600/Spencer+Oliver.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUXNPjLwKFofQWiWrjluZNLGGktV0VyFmOfm0gagy5tUcl4ami1a8p-8xk9R9ajPqh9tjP5oz_XhbL2LdIb0EUR1Hn_DDnpYbRXnsGmSV8OdrKdxBzATWRUVuxzFW8zr0dBAGJ3JDyO20/s200/Spencer+Oliver.JPG" width="179" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">R. Spencer Oliver, Jr.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">In 1969, the year that OSCE's priority was reunifying the Germanys, the <i>Omaha World Herald</i> published a photo of Oliver, then 32, resident of Bowie, Maryland, national president of the Young Democratic Clubs of America (YD), who spoke at the Nebraska club's state convention.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Noting that it was Oliver's private phone line at the DNC which allegedly was being tapped by E. Howard Hunt, G. Gordon Liddy, and their team of burglars, <a href="http://jimhougan.com/wordpress/?tag=spencer-oliver-jr" target="_blank">Jim Hougan asked</a> a DNC secretary whether she told Liddy's attorneys "it was likely that Spencer Oliver and Maxie Wells were running a call-girl operation." Hougan <a href="http://jimhougan.com/wordpress/?tag=spencer-oliver-jr" target="_blank">cited his 1984 book, <i>Secret Agenda</i></a>, as source of his statement that former chief investigator for the House Committee on Un-American Activities Lou Russell "hung out with call-girls at the Columbia Plaza Apartments, barely a
block from the Watergate," and that "according to Fensterwald and two of his
employees, Russell told them he was tape-recording telephone
conversations between the prostitutes and their clients at the DNC."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">In fact, Hougan seems to believe that the primary motive for the Watergate break-in was to obtain evidence that could be used for blackmail, <a href="http://jimhougan.com/wordpress/?tag=spencer-oliver-jr" target="_blank">writing also</a> that prosecutors in the U.S. Attorney’s office: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">were putting together a case in which sexual
blackmail was said to be the central motive in the Watergate break-in. Asst. U.S. Atty. Earl Silbert was convinced that “Hunt was trying to
blackmail Spencer (Oliver).” The same point was made by Charles Morgan, who represented [Maxine] Wells and
[Spencer] Oliver at the burglars’ trial in early 1973. Determined to block any
testimony about the contents of the conversations that Baldwin
overheard, Morgan said Silbert told him over lunch in December, 1972,
that “[Former CIA agent, E. Howard] Hunt was trying to blackmail Spencer, and I’m going to prove it.”</span></span></span> </blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Earl Silbert, it turns out, had also been a <a href="http://www.dcchs.org/EarlJSilbert/earljsilbert_complete.pdf" target="_blank">member</a> of the Young Democrats with Michael Dukakis while they were at Harvard, and Silbert's father spent his legal career at the Securities and Exchange Commission. The son went to work for the Tax Division of the Department of Justice in 1960, supervised by Assistant Attorney General Louis F. Oberdorfer. In 1964 he moved to the prosecutor's office at the U.S. Attorney's Office, still a part of Justice, and in 1969 he was part of the Office of Criminal Justice under a Republican, Deputy Attorney General Kleindienst. By the time Watergate occurred, Silbert was first assistant to the D.C. U.S. Attorney Harold Titus and received a call from Chuck Work, then a clerk in Superior Court, in the early morning hours following the arrest of the burglars. Young attorney, Doug Caddy (portrayed in the movie <i>All the President's Men</i> by soap opera actor <a href="http://www.digplanet.com/wiki/Nicolas_Coster" target="_blank">Nicolas Coster</a>), had appeared at about five o'clock that morning to represent the men who had been arrested, though none of them had been allowed to make any phone calls. Work and Silbert became curious about who had called Caddy.</span></div>
<div class="contents">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="contents">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Caddy refused to answer the questions propounded to him during the grand jury proceedings, claiming attorney-client privilege. After Judge Sirica ordered him to answer, Caddy appealed. In the meantime, as Silbert told his <a href="http://www.dcchs.org/EarlJSilbert/earljsilbert_complete.pdf" target="_blank">oral history interviewer</a> in 1992, they had learned either from the FBI or the Metropolitan Police that former FBI Agent Alfred C. Baldwin had checked out of the Howard Johnson motel across the street early the same morning and had returned home to Connecticut, and that arrested burglar James McCord had worked for the Central Intelligence Agency [CIA]. </span></div>
<div class="contents">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="contents">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Silbert revealed (page 96 of the transcript) that Baldwin told them the purpose of the entry into the DNC office on June 17 was to tap Lawrence O'Brien's telephone; that a previous bugging had occurred in May on Oliver's phone, but that information was not what the burglars were seeking. Silbert, however, believed that the FBI had missed finding the bug on Oliver's phone when a sweep was made following the June 17 arrests.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Eberle as a Political Consultant</span></span></b></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Dotty Lynch attempted to
draw lines between the dots to connect the various direct mail
processors and political consultants in an article entitled </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/02/18/opinion/lynch/main675050.shtml" target="_blank">“Rove-Gannon Connection?</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">”; Feb. 18, 2005.l ).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Bruce </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Eberle joined</span> the Young Americans for Freedom in 1963 and was placed on the New Mexico board for YAF in 1969. </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">By
1975 he headed Ronald Reagan's direct mail fund-raising efforts for his
unsuccessful 1976 campaign. A photo of him with his parents (Adolph
Herman and Emma Reinert Eberle) appeared in his hometown newspaper, the <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=q_FeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UVQNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3058,2906477&dq=bruce-eberle&hl=en" target="_blank"><i>St. Joseph, Mo. Gazette</i></a>
in 1981. Census records show Adolph had two older brothers and three
younger ones who could have passed the same last name down to Bruce's
cousins.</span></span><br />
<div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bruce himself, according to </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">city directories and newspaper items, </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> had two brothers--<a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5BlUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1DkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1911,6550167&dq=allen-eberle&hl=en" target="_blank">Allen R. and Robert D. Eberle</a>. Allen </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">worked for a time in Culver City, California, before settling in Idaho, while </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Robert (Bob) Eberle became a <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=oN9mvvPOsJsC&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=%22robert+d.+eberle%22+california&source=bl&ots=aJsNZ74LYL&sig=Z23nqrp7z_s4hJELcRdd0R4TjFQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HV_8T46sLfG42QWfj6jNBg&sqi=2&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=eberle&f=false" target="_blank">civil servant in Auburn, Washington</a>, and has since become part of Bruce's fundraising <a href="http://www.fundraisingstrategies.com/about-us.our-team.EberleR.html" target="_blank">conglomerate</a> for conservative Republicans:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bob has served variously as an elected legislator (Washington State), an
appointed member of boards and commissions, and as a United Way
Campaign executive on loan from the <i>Boeing Corporation</i>. Bob also served
as GSA Director of Region Ten. Bob has a BS from the University
of Missouri and a Masters Degree from the University of Alabama. For
more than forty years he has lived in Washington State, near Seattle.</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bruce, although born and bred in St. Joseph, Missouri, took a job in the engineering field in which he was educated, </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">working as an engineer for Gulf Oil </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in Port Arthur, Texas b</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">efore
being able to follow his dream of working full-time to raise money for
Republican candidates. In 1971 he moved his family to northern Virginia
to be closer to the nation's Capitol. Twenty years later </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">his direct mail firm came under fire for false "news"
reporting about Vietnam POW-MIA matters, but he ignored the flak until
1999, when the evidence presented resulted in his <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YEIrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=x9kEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1418,3202008&dq=bruce-eberle&hl=en" target="_blank">being fired</a> from John Ashcroft's campaign.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Robert Raymond "Bobby" Eberle, Jr. was growing up in Victoria while Bruce lived a</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">bout 200 miles away in Port Arthur, Texas</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.
Although Bobby's father, who allegedly had come from Illinois, had died
before 1990, Bobby and his sister, Susan Denise Eberle Justitz, both
were able to graduate from Texas A. and M. University, while another
sister, Erika Robin Eberle Buesing, got a degree at Texas Tech. His
mother, Enedina (Dina), was a daughter of <a href="http://portlavacawave.com/obituaries/article_170ffbdb-5b66-5059-b374-e4586100dc96.html" target="_blank">Rodrigo L. Perez</a> of Falfurrias, Texas, who grew up on a south Texas ranch called <i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">La Mesa</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(acquired in 1873 by <a href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/brooks/cemetery/lamesa.txt" target="_blank">Manuel Perez</a>), a </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">part of the </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/r/u/e/Xavier-Ruelas-TX/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0007.html" target="_blank">La Encantada Grant</a> on which <a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=1953388257SW2d131_1368.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985" target="_blank">oil was discovered</a> in the 1930's. The landowner named </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=1953388257SW2d131_1368.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985" target="_blank">Brijido Ramirez, who sued</a>, contesting others' claims to the oil, was <a href="http://www.raullongoria.net/Genealogy/FamilyTree/b176.html#P12272" target="_blank">related</a>
to the family of Dina Eberle. Intriguingly, no records turn up anywhere
pertaining to Dina's deceased husband's birth, marriage or death. It
seems quite likely they lived outside the United States during their
marriage.</span></span></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bobby begins to show up at Victoria </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">High School </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in 1984, when he <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ko1HAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Wn8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=4088,5204422&dq=bobby-eberle&hl=en" target="_blank">played tennis</a> while at Victoria until graduation in 1986. He</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DgNZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yEoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6914,3946381&dq=bobby-eberle&hl=en" target="_blank">was elected president</a> of the Houston Young
Republicans and director of club development for the Texas Young
Republicans Federation in 1995, the same year he received his Ph.D from Rice University in Houston. He was then </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">employed as </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">an aerospace engineer by Lockheed Martin. Dr. Bobby Eberle created</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> the conservative activist group </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.gopusa.com/about/" target="_blank">GOPUSA</a>, as early as <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mUglAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vRQGAAAAIBAJ&pg=961,432450&dq=bobby-eberle&hl=en" target="_blank">2003</a>. <i>USA Today</i> <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-12-30-blogging-usat_x.htm" target="_blank">stated</a> in December 2003:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span class="inside-head" style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Freewheeling 'bloggers' are rewriting rules of journalism... </span><a href="http://www.gopusa.com/" target="">GOPUSA.com</a>, a
Web site run by Bobby Eberle, a Houston engineer with no previous
journalism experience, scored an interview with President Bush's top
political adviser, Karl Rove.</span><span class="inside-head" style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"> </span> </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">GOPUSA owned </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Talon News,</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">" a</span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> virtual organization with no physical office space or newsroom,</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"</span> which featured writer "<a href="http://www.americablog.com/2005/02/man-called-jeff.html" target="_blank">Jeff Gannon</a>," whose real name was <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D07E5D8123AF933A15751C0A9639C8B63&pagewanted=all" target="_blank">James D. Guckert</a>.</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.leadershipinstitute.org/writings/?ID=21" target="_blank"><b>Full speech by Morton Blackwell</b></a>:</span></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">I will focus today on a topic none of you have ever heard me address before: sex.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Right now, Washington, D.C. is experiencing two sex scandals which affect the party you have joined.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The first involves Congressman Donald "Buz" Lukens of Ohio. A few days ago, Buz Lukens was sentenced to jail on misdemeanor charges for having sex with a 16 year old girl. Unresolved are possible felony charges that he also had sex with her when she was 13. Buz Lukens is 58.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">His unsuccessful defense in court was that he couldn't have contributed to this girl's delinquency because she was already immoral.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The second scandal is still unfolding. It involves the expose of a largely homosexual prostitution ring in the Washington, D.C. area.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Already there have been banner headlines about some Reagan and Bush administration officials' involvement.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">In the news about this second scandal are reports of bugged rooms, two-way mirrors, blackmail and midnight tours of the White House by teams of homosexual prostitutes.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Five hundred credit card receipts for sexual services rendered are in the possession of The Washington Times, which broke the story.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Reportedly, a lobbyist who spent as much as $20,000 per month on male prostitutes for himself and friends gave an $8,000 Rolex watch to a White House Secret Service officer who gave him access to the White House West Wing, which contains the President's Oval Office. </span></span><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">I will focus today on a topic none of you have ever heard me address before: sex.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Right now, Washington, D.C. is experiencing two sex scandals which affect the party you have joined.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The
first involves Congressman Donald "Buz" Lukens of Ohio. A few days ago,
Buz Lukens was sentenced to jail on misdemeanor charges for having sex
with a 16 year old girl. Unresolved are possible felony charges that he
also had sex with her when she was 13. Buz Lukens is 58.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">His
unsuccessful defense in court was that he couldn't have contributed to
this girl's delinquency because she was already immoral.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The
second scandal is still unfolding. It involves the expose of a largely
homosexual prostitution ring in the Washington, D.C. area.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Already there have been banner headlines about some Reagan and Bush administration officials' involvement.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">In
the news about this second scandal are reports of bugged rooms, two-way
mirrors, blackmail and midnight tours of the White House by teams of
homosexual prostitutes.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Five
hundred credit card receipts for sexual services rendered are in the
possession of The Washington Times, which broke the story.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Reportedly,
a lobbyist who spent as much as $20,000 per month on male prostitutes
for himself and friends gave an $8,000 Rolex watch to a White House
Secret Service officer who gave him access to the White House West Wing,
which contains the President's Oval Office.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">The <a href="http://fp1strategies.com/about/dave-denherder/">White House liaison for the U.S. Labor Department</a> [Dave DenHerder, senior advisor to Labor Secretary Elaine L. Chao?] was implicated and has already resigned.</span></span></span><span style="color: #4c1130;"><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The FBI, the U.S. Secret Service, and other Federal, State and local authorities are scrambling to do their jobs as the facts unfold. This story is far from over.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">As Republican youth activists, you should know who Congressman Lukens is. He is politically destroyed now. But you should know, I want to be sure you know, that Buz Lukens played a unique role in the development of the conservative movement. And he was a key player at a critical time in Republican youth politics.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">My first College Republican National Convention was in 1963, while I was state College Republican chairman of Louisiana. In those days the College Republican and Young Republican national conventions were held together.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">In 1963 in San Francisco, Goldwater Republicans won control of both organizations. An exciting book could be written about how Buz Lukens became the new Young Republican national chairman. It was a new era.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">After Goldwater's defeat, Buz was elected in 1966 to the Congress from Ohio. He immediately started supporting Ronald Reagan for President. Through the Reagan efforts of 1968, 1976, and 1980, Buz was a key leader.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">For 27 years, despite political defeats, a divorce, financial difficulties, a close call with disabling throat cancer and other troubles, Buz Lukens remained a state and national conservative leader, effective and admired by grassroots activists.<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Since 1962 he has been a good friend to me.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">I don't mind telling you my eyes have filled with tears more than once in recent months as a sex scandal of his own making has brought him down. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">He made the wrong choices.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">I pray he can personally recover from this self-inflicted disaster, but his political situation is hopeless.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">In the unfolding, so-called "call-boy" scandal in D.C., <i>two of the alleged patrons have had ties to conservatives for many years. They are the only ones yet named whom I have known.</i> They made the wrong choices.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">But what can one say about the judgment of someone who pays for a prostitute with a credit card? Memories may fade, but not credit card records.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">You who are in your late teens and early twenties live in a world very different from the one I grew up in. A skirt above the knees raised eyebrows then. Movies were self-censored very effectively. Books, magazines, radio, music, and even conversation were much more restrained by traditional morality than they are today. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">What is commonplace now in the media was rare or non-existent then.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">There has been a massive assault on moral values. Everywhere there are voices urging young people:</span></span></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">"Do it. Do it if it feels good. Do it now. The church is wrong. Your parents are old fogies. Everyone is doing it. Don't be left out. You're entitled to something for nothing. There are no bad consequences. And besides, you won't get caught."</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">In many ways our society has failed you, ignoring the hard-won lessons of history, the accumulated wisdom of the ages, the maxims of morality. Truths revealed, experienced and long respected are not well taught to most in your generation. And the decline began before your generation.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">My grandparents and, probably, your great-grandparents were given copybooks in school. These copybooks served two purposes. At the top of each page was written a heading, a maxim or saying which gave moral guidance, such as, "Honesty is the best policy" and "Honor thy father and thy mother."</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Students learned handwriting by copying each heading many times, filling each page with the most useful, sensible advice, gleaned from the long experience of civilization. I have one of my grandfather's copybooks from the 1870s.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The great English poet and writer Rudyard Kipling is probably best known to most of you, if at all, through Walt Disney's version of Kipling's <i>Jungle Book</i>. But Rudyard Kipling was highly perceptive. As early as 1919 he warned in a marvelous poem, "<a href="https://wolfpangloss.wordpress.com/2007/10/24/kipling-the-gods-of-the-copybook-headings/" target="_blank">The Gods of the Copybook Headings</a>," that our very survival depends on our not forgetting the lessons of history.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Kipling contrasted the eternal verities, which he called the <a href="http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/poems_copybook.htm" target="_blank"><i>Gods of the Copybook Headings</i></a>, with the tempting siren songs of Social Progress, "The Gods of the Market-Place," which falsely claimed that times have so changed that the old truths no longer apply.</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">THE GODS OF THE COPYBOOK HEADINGS</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">"As I pass through my incarnations in every age and race, I make my proper prostrations to the Gods of the Market-Place. Peering through reverent fingers I watch them flourish and fall, And the Gods of the Copybook Headings, I notice, outlast them all.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">"We were living in trees when they met us. They showed us each in turn.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">That Water would certainly wet us, as Fire would certainly burn: But we found them lacking in Uplift, Vision and Breadth of Mind, So we left them to teach the Gorillas while we followed the March of Mankind.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">"We moved as the Spirit listed. They never altered their pace, Being neither cloud nor windborne like the Gods of the Market-Place; But they always caught up with our progress, and presently word would come. That a tribe had been wiped off its icefield, or the lights had gone out in Rome.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">"With the Hopes that our World is built on they were utterly out of touch. They denied that the Moon was Stilton; they denied she was even Dutch. They denied that Wishes were Horses; they denied that a Pig had Wings. So we worshipped the Gods of the Market Who promised these beautiful things."</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">What Kipling is describing here is a cyclical process, which each few generations must experience anew. Yes, the times are always changing, but not always changing in the same direction.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">In ancient Rome, Marcus Cicero's thundering denunciations of the sexual behavior of Marc Anthony were followed in the next century by the open depravity of Nero and Caligula.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">And in England, the licentiousness of the Stuart restoration period was followed two centuries later by the Victorian era. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The pendulum swings back and forth over time.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">At a time when our society is newly outraged over the burning of our country's flag and when increasing restrictions on abortion are now certain, and when deadly AIDS is killing thousands, it is not a good bet that society will acquiesce in the loss of all standards of sexual propriety.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Torturing each other for fun and profit, public sex acts, drinking urine, eating feces, and even itinerant bed hopping will, I believe, become less acceptable, not more licit in years to come.</span></span></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">"When the Cambrian measures were forming, They promised perpetual peace, They swore, if we gave them our weapons, that the wars of the tribes would cease." But when we disarmed They sold us, and delivered us bound to our foe, And the Gods of the Copybook Headings said: "Stick to the Devil you know."</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">"On the first Feminian Sandstones we were promised the Fuller Life (Which started by loving our neighbor and ended by loving his wife) Till our women had no more children and the men lost reason and faith, And the Gods of the Copybook Headings said: 'The Wages of Sin is Death.'"</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Notwithstanding waves of propaganda to the contrary, the old truth has emerged: There is no safe sex, except in a monogamous, faithful marriage.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">There are ways of lessening the risk of promiscuity, but value-free, sexual fun and games, none of them safe, are multiplying the number of victims of incurable, sexually transmitted diseases, one of them absolutely fatal.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">As yet we have increasingly shrill voices who advocate going beyond today's high level of toleration and say we should create new legal privileges for each increasingly bizarre form of sexual relationship. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">We are even told AIDS is a civil rights issue, not a public health issue.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">It was British philosopher and statesman <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16292/16292-h/16292-h.htm" target="_blank">Edmund Burke</a> who wrote in 1772<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">:</span></span></span> </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Dissent, not satisfied with toleration, is not conscience, but ambition.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">In the Carboniferous Epoch we were promised abundance for all, By robbing selected Peter to pay for collective Paul, But, though we had plenty of money, there was nothing our money could buy, And the <i>Gods of the Copybook Headings</i> said: <u>'If you don't work you die</u>.'</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Perhaps the most fraudulent of the false gods today is the argument that, somehow, a high proportion of us are inevitably, genetically, uniquely foreordained to homosexual activity.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">One does not have to be a clinical psychologist or any type of scientist to see through that preposterous lie.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Young man, your father, your grandfathers, all four of your great grandfathers, all eight of your great grandfathers and on back beyond the reach of recorded time, all their fathers performed successfully and heterosexually. You are the product of eons of heterosexual activity.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Young lady, your mother and your grandmother were not the product of parthenogenesis. They and all your maternal ancestors performed heterosexually and successfully. You are living proof they did.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">To say that ten or twenty percent of humanity is doomed to heterosexual disfunction is nonsense. Dangerous and arrant nonsense.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Authorities agree that sexual behavior is learned behavior. Researchers William Masters and Virginia Johnson wrote, "We're born man, woman and sexual beings. We learn our sexual preferences and orientations."</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">No reputable scientist has found any hereditary tie to homosexuality.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Even Dr. Alfred Kinsey wrote, "I have myself come to the conclusion that homosexuality is largely a matter of conditioning."</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">The problem is that for many years our society has been conditioning more and more people for this kind of behavior. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Sympathetic portrayal is the rule now in movies and dramatic television.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">I believe it could be demonstrated statistically that in the last ten years major network television productions have portrayed sympathetically fewer clergy than homosexuals. And in so doing they have killed a lot of people. Literally killed them by leading them into temptation.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Humans are so constituted as to enjoy sex. If sex were not a pleasure, there would be a lot less procreation.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">That which is pleasurable tends to be habit forming. And habits include many things, good, bad and indifferent. Among them are gambling, alcohol, illegal drugs, poetry, music, and various forms of sexual arousal. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Just because something feels good does not mean it is good.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Bad habits can be broken, particularly if people understand that they are not inevitably, hereditarily forced into those bad habits. The problem I am discussing here is not bad genes but bad choices.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Most of us have sense enough not to try heroin or other highly addictive drugs. We recognize there are things, once started, that cannot easily be stopped. Such wisdom could and should be applied to sexual activity.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">And those whose counterproductive behavior has become addictive, it is still possible to change. Many take control of their own lives every day: smokers, gamblers, alcoholics, and illegal drug users.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Studies indicate that about one third of former homosexuals have reformed themselves.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Of course there are those who decide at some point to flaunt their homosexual behavior, taking up the cause of gay rights and saying how much better they feel to be out of the closet.<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Unfortunately for them, feeling better doesn't really make it better.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">I am reminded in these cases of Winston Smith, the central figure in George Orwell's powerful novel, <i>1984</i>. Beaten by remorseless conditioning at last, Winston Smith finally thinks he loves Big Brother. But his loving Big Brother only makes the tragedy complete.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">No reader of <i>1984</i> closes that book with feelings of hate or fear of Winston Smith. What one feels is sadness, pity, a wish that someone could help.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Our modern era will one day be a bygone era. The people of the future will be descendants of those of us who made the right choices in our own lives.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">It is a dangerous, imperfect world. But those who came before us have left us valid lessons, not always written as copybook headings, which we would be wise to follow.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">A person does not profit from his own fatal mistake. But the fatal mistakes of others should be highly instructive.</span><br /><br /><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Kipling ended his poem:</span></span></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">Then the Gods of the Market tumbled, and their smooth-tongued wizards withdrew, And the hearts of the meanest were humbled and began to believe it was true. That All is not Gold that Glitters, and Two and Two make Four--And the Gods of Copybook Headings limped up to explain it once more.</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">As it will be in the future, it was at the birth of Man-- There are only four things certain since Social Progress began: -- That the Dog returns to his Vomit and the Sow returns to her Mire, And the burnt fool's bandaged finger goes wabbling back to the Fire; And that after this is accomplished, and the brave new world begins When all men are paid for existing and no man must pay for his sins, As surely as Water will wet us, as surely as Fire will burn, The Gods of the Copybook Headings with terror and slaughter return!</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">My young friends, please spread the word. Traditional values are survival values.</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;">- See more at <a href="https://www.leadershipinstitute.org/" target="_blank">Blackwell's website</a> and at <a href="https://www.leadershipinstitute.org/writings/?ID=21" target="_blank">Survival Values</a>.</span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-43422736125579359902017-03-30T12:30:00.000-05:002017-03-30T12:30:13.166-05:00The Halliburton Riddle<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">“<i>We know what the
meaning of i$, i$ to Halliburton. It is by far the largest beneficiary of the
invasion and occupation of Iraq.
With no-bid, no-ceiling contracts, the company has already amassed $2 billion
in work. It is doing everything from restoring oil facilities to providing
toilets for troops. A year ago Halliburton was staring at nearly a half-billion
dollars in losses. In the second quarter of 2003 it posted a profit of $26
million.</i>”</span></div>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">
</span><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">—Derrick
Z. Jackson, “<a href="http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/19/cheneys_conflict_with_the_truth/">Cheney’s
Conflict with the Truth</a>,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Boston
Globe</i> (September 19, 2003)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span class="bodytext">“</span><i>I’ve severed all my ties with the company, gotten rid of
all my financial interests. <span class="bodytext">I have </span>no financial
interest in Halliburton of any kind and haven't had now for over three
year</i>s.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>—Vice President Dick Cheney, on<span class="bodytext"> NBC’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3080244/">Meet the Press</a></i>, September 14,
2003</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manifest Destiny</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTJOxHu963TgGe0iiDiPFT62c1ikKcEvTaqJ9NU_PlJYLDKo5me78UyV9Hzj1QDw3mBfakHdanpl7IGrGhg7bquTDDDOn5TpLiINN_-zi5rmP4R1c2xxH85Qxl1WeWzg-hY_li35lx6zM/s1600/Anne+Armstrong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTJOxHu963TgGe0iiDiPFT62c1ikKcEvTaqJ9NU_PlJYLDKo5me78UyV9Hzj1QDw3mBfakHdanpl7IGrGhg7bquTDDDOn5TpLiINN_-zi5rmP4R1c2xxH85Qxl1WeWzg-hY_li35lx6zM/s320/Anne+Armstrong.jpg" width="320" /></a>In today’s fast-paced,
constantly-changing world, members of the working class—especially those in America where
vacation/holiday time is extremely limited, find it increasingly more difficult
to maintain regular contact with old friends and extended family members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be able to spend time with the same group
of friends at least once or twice every year is almost unheard of.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vice President Dick Cheney, in spite of his
rigorous schedule, however, has been able to maintain a relationship with the owners
of the Armstrong Ranch in South Texas, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">for more than thirty years</i> and
“sometimes hunts there several times a year.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF-ybLXQitpwTE3QmLenX056POd-P2pYUSxbVK-jirjnSE_pbFsCQoV4dycEamWtxlcPM0XdSnv5DqNjtJi3JVCvgwswGCQIrMtR_-QfUWmIs-3v6b74h7MyVgdxObk9kLo2lb8eyRk1Y/s1600/cheneyrumsfeld.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF-ybLXQitpwTE3QmLenX056POd-P2pYUSxbVK-jirjnSE_pbFsCQoV4dycEamWtxlcPM0XdSnv5DqNjtJi3JVCvgwswGCQIrMtR_-QfUWmIs-3v6b74h7MyVgdxObk9kLo2lb8eyRk1Y/s1600/cheneyrumsfeld.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Such a relationship cries out for
more scrutiny than it has been given in the press so far.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cheney’s “<a href="http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/02/12/cheney/">peppering</a>” of Texas attorney Harry
Whittington with gunshot is not notable in and of itself; it <span class="bodytext">is the frequency with which such hunting trips have taken place
that piques the imagination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The
ranch where the shooting occurred is owned by the family of Anne L. Armstrong, a
former director on the board of Halliburton for twenty-three years (1977-2000),
serving not only as a high-level corporate committee member on the management
oversight committee and the corporate governance committee, but, in particular,
on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">very nominating committee</i>
which in 1995 chose Dick Cheney as its president and eventually as Halliburton’s
chairman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYu3RWNJ6gFgU4EW6HLVUWGJxfzh7fazObzLvDI_Lm4jehc8jxuYuUxghrFxRlqmZBS7yns46YULSqep1Jbk31Aa5H4dCs-sgKPTBx00pvMUoATdOfgMnJ1-Tdp0wFjcvJMnTGaKPZafY/s1600/Cheney.horse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYu3RWNJ6gFgU4EW6HLVUWGJxfzh7fazObzLvDI_Lm4jehc8jxuYuUxghrFxRlqmZBS7yns46YULSqep1Jbk31Aa5H4dCs-sgKPTBx00pvMUoATdOfgMnJ1-Tdp0wFjcvJMnTGaKPZafY/s200/Cheney.horse.jpg" width="200" /></a>Cheney has denied any persisting
ties with his former employer—the same corporation which has reaped massive profits
from the Bush-Cheney debacle in Iraq—leaving
us to speculate what it is that entices such an inept hunter back to that ranch
year after year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The failure of Cheney and
his hosts to notify the proper authorities for more than twenty-four hours
after the shooting further incites an inquisitive mind to inquire whether other
persons with longstanding relationships to Halliburton and the Vice President
were allowed to skulk away, undetected by law enforcement or members of the
press.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The Armstrong Ranch has been
called “kind of a rite of passage for Texas Republicans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You go pay homage.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>That statement contains overtones of an
obeisance required, yet undefined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The suggestion
that the Armstrong family has a long Republican tradition must be viewed in
light of Texas’ short history of voting
Republican—a tide which did not even begin to turn until Texas
elected its first Republican U.S. Senator (John Tower)
in 1961 and its first Republican governor (Bill Clements) in 1978.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, the process by which Texans wormed
their way into the Republican power structure deserves our attention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That power shift occurred at the same point
in time that destiny brought together <span class="bodytext">Donald Rumsfeld,
Richard B. Cheney and Anne L. Armstrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Destiny embodied in the form of Richard M. Nixon…and made manifest in
the person of John B. Connally, Jr.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Economic
Opportunities</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4zhgeZL9uyX38tQG53yloLcIWV9c43jnqckXp5uVP9BrtrK-NRMURJy5SU9IxLsozM4eVLGloyyWCyNpi2d6Xm569Le01x0vfN15pIhFN6c5pwCnNgkG_H1LnJZBDfpPP9M9qDNIi8ic/s1600/cheneyrumsfeld.2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4zhgeZL9uyX38tQG53yloLcIWV9c43jnqckXp5uVP9BrtrK-NRMURJy5SU9IxLsozM4eVLGloyyWCyNpi2d6Xm569Le01x0vfN15pIhFN6c5pwCnNgkG_H1LnJZBDfpPP9M9qDNIi8ic/s200/cheneyrumsfeld.2.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="bodytext">Donald Rumsfeld
was the first of the trio to receive a bid into the Nixon White House—an
invitation which resulted from Nixon’s approval of the way Rumsfeld handled a
political confrontation with a program touted by Democrats in August of 1966.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a young Republican Congressman from Illinois, Rumsfeld had
launched a vicious series of attacks upon a project called “Mohole,” viewed by
him as a boondoggle for President Lyndon Johnson’s long-time supporter, Brown
& Root.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So successful was Rumsfeld’s
attack that what Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson a “purely non-political project”—designed
by the National Science Foundation to learn the cause of earthquakes and
volcanoes—was terminated, notwithstanding the fact that Brown & Root
continued to be awarded much more lucrative military contracts in Vietnam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilQYJZLG3hV1aysbbw_N79t6kxcLdWU9Q2IdMksY5KoA5YHIO-HCqsi8jj5JKUERfnAnxs4TJwItlm3R0V6cn-h0QqwjQze05KYa28YC02ZykSKoxE7kbfUdxyU5jkSf-EWQd4YH9Na9o/s1600/Browns.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilQYJZLG3hV1aysbbw_N79t6kxcLdWU9Q2IdMksY5KoA5YHIO-HCqsi8jj5JKUERfnAnxs4TJwItlm3R0V6cn-h0QqwjQze05KYa28YC02ZykSKoxE7kbfUdxyU5jkSf-EWQd4YH9Na9o/s200/Browns.jpg" width="138" /></a><span class="bodytext">Pearson and Anderson accused Rumsfeld of
having attacked the wrong Brown & Root contract, of having missed the real
story—“that Brown and Root have been financing Lyndon Johnson for years, put up
around $100,000 for him when he was running as a young Congressman from
Texas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And today the defense contracts
they have been getting from the Government are far greater than the piddling
$19.7 million which the House last week lopped off the Mohole project…”</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext">One week
before Mohole was axed, Congress had authorized spending of almost <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">half a billion dollars</i> “for military
construction money [for Vietnam],
of which Brown and Root will get a substantial share.”</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost as an afterthought
the columnists added:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Brown and Root
also prospered under President Eisenhower.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were given a large slice of the contract to build military bases in
Spain
at a cost of around $2 billion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
George Brown family at that time was contributing not to Mr. Eisenhower but to
the Democrats.”</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext">That’s nice
work, if you can get it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext">Two years
later Richard Nixon had replaced Lyndon Johnson in the White House, and he
remembered Rumseld’s performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
wanted that young man on his team and offered him a job in his
administration—at the very bottom rung, the Office of Economic
Opportunity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rumsfeld quickly
accepted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At his first opportunity Rumsfeld
called in a young legislative aide with whom he had crossed paths—Dick
Cheney.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It boggles the mind even to
attempt to visualize these two men working to expand economic opportunity for
the impoverished; social workers they are not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both were, however, extremely hard-working and ambitious and did not
remain long in the cellar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Late in 1970
Rumsfeld also took on the added assignment of White House Counselor and would
ultimately be replaced at OEO by another of today’s military-industrialists,
Frank Carlucci of the Carlyle Group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext">One year
later, Rumsfeld was named Director of the Cost of Living Council, a new
position created under the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970, and he brought
Cheney over as his deputy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
importance of the Cost of Living Council at that particular time cannot be
over-emphasized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before we had a war on
drugs or a war on terror, we were fighting a war against inflation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the end of the war in Vietnam was approaching, the looming fear was
that America
would not be able to sell enough products overseas to compensate for its
increasingly insatiable demand from foreign sellers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bankruptcy thus haunted the Nixon Administration
in 1970 and 1971, much as it had Grover Cleveland’s presidency in the 1890’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext">When John
Connally took control of the Treasury Department in February 1971 after the
resignation of Secretary David M. Kennedy of Chicago, the picture was bleak.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1973 Connally told a
group of Canadians in Toronto:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #666666;">By the middle of
1971 the American trade balance was in rapid decline. Moreover, we could no
longer maintain the fiction that the dollar was convertible into gold when in
fact those dollars increased to a ratio of six to one over our gold reserves
during the 1960s and the 1970s. We had simply expended our surplus and extended
our credit until both were exhausted. The American image of invulnerability was
clearly a delusion. It was again demonstrated that no nation is so large and so
powerful that it is invulnerable to change.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Closing
the gold window</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYq9Z7JClbHR3h4WMWkMMULqPGb0FeE2dZNAuN7_6PMLraT1Ka7SZ0Xh-ZJRbomAJmO0-t6SGisIDMYVO3B9MdCQDqoDCXq2_Fcr4_-tBnWRyxZIeeisDYU_bZIuF0AVFl_lPTWZzEWoc/s1600/Nixon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYq9Z7JClbHR3h4WMWkMMULqPGb0FeE2dZNAuN7_6PMLraT1Ka7SZ0Xh-ZJRbomAJmO0-t6SGisIDMYVO3B9MdCQDqoDCXq2_Fcr4_-tBnWRyxZIeeisDYU_bZIuF0AVFl_lPTWZzEWoc/s200/Nixon.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="bodytext">Connally’s
selection by Nixon was a curious choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was still a Democrat at that time and had no obvious ties to anyone
in the Nixon White House.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps he had
been hand-picked by Nixon’s former New
York law firm—Mudge, Rose—which represented Paribas, </span>a
19th-century offshoot of the Rothschild-controlled Banque de Paris et des Pays-<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Bas. </span><span class="bodytext"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Connally, an attorney, was a partner in the Houston law firm of Vinson & Elkins, whose senior
partner, James A. Elkins, Jr., had inherited a large block of stock in the
First City National Bank of Houston—for
which Connally served as a director.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A 1976
Congressional investigation would subsequently reveal that the large Houston
bank had partnered with numerous Rothschild-affiliated banks in joint ventures
such as Rothschild Intercontinental Bank, Ltd. of London
and New Court Securities Corp. of New
York.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington Post</i> reported in 1969 that the Rothschilds were
“rebuilding their international financial empire through the Five Arrows Group
… composed of London’s N.M. Rothschild, Baron Guy’s Paris Rothschild bank,
Cousin Edmond’s Geneva-based Banque Privee, the Banque Lambert of Brussels, in
which the Rothschilds have a substantial minority stake, and Pierson, Heldring
and Pierson, an independent Dutch bank long associated with the family.”</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext">Early in
1969 Connally had also been elected to Halliburton’s board, and he would be
“re-elected” in November 1972 after having served seventeen months as Secretary
of the Treasury.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span><span class="bodytext"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Halliburton had also
been a client of Vinson & Elkins, and it would remain so until 2002 when
the corporation moved its business to Houston
rival firm, Baker & Botts, the law firm headed by Bush friend James A.
Baker III.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Connally’s gigantic challenge
during his short term of office was to “close the gold window,” thus </span>ending
the United States’
legal obligation to exchange dollars held by foreign banks for gold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Connally was neither a banker nor
an economist, and he was never a wealthy man—compared to the Vanderbilts,
Whitneys and the like.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was a
lawyer for wealthy and powerful men, among whom he circulated his entire
life—whose names remain shrouded in secrecy behind corporate facades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Connally’s underlings in the Nixon
administration—Rumsfeld and Cheney—also rose from economic stations that would
be termed, at most, middle class, neither of them ever having achieved any
degree of education, accomplishment, or even competence that would justify the
arrogance each has exhibited in the last decade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Cost of Living Council in which Rumsfeld
and Cheney were members was, of course, chaired by Treasury Secretary Connally
until he resigned in 1972.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
During that same era, Anne
Armstrong would also ascend from her lowly position as adviser on women’s
issues to take a place at the Cost of Living Council, as Rumsfeld advanced to a
brief tour at NATO (where he acted as a front man for Henry Kissinger), before
serving as President Gerald Ford’s Secretary of Defense after Nixon’s
resignation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Connally, Rumsfeld, Cheney
and Armstrong—of those four, three would serve as directors of
Halliburton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fourth, Rumsfeld, as
Secretary of Defense would help George W. Bush engineer the war in Iraq,
to Halliburton’s benefit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
What a small world!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who Really Owns Halliburton?</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The answer to the Halliburton
riddle lies in history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a complex
tale that takes one through the Indian lands of Oklahoma
to California high society; back to the
ranches and oilfields of Texas
and the skyscrapers of Dallas and Houston.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For now, it is the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">question</i>
that is most important—a question the media has yet to ask, much less to
answer.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="bodytext"><b>ENDNOTES: </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">[<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1]</span></span></span></span> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/13/politics/13cheney.html?ex=1297486800&en=0236dded29f8c5a4&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss">Anne
E. Kornblut</a>, “Cheney Shoots Fellow Hunter in Mishap on a Texas Ranch,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times</i> (February 13, 2006).
</span><div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Harvey Kronberg in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Quorum Report, q</i>uoted in <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/weekinreview/19kornblut.html?ex=1298005200&en=47d77062302dc443&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss">Rick
Lyman and Anne E. Korblutt</a>, “<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The
Ranch Where the Politicians Roam,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
New York Times</i> (February 19, 2006).</span></span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson, “The Washington Merry-Go-Round:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Contractors’ Gift Not Linked to Mohole,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Washington
Post, Times Herald</i> (August 26, 1966), E15.</span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid.</i></span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ibid</i>.</span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Kennedy’s resignation may have resulted from the
Administration’s <span class="bodytext">embarrassment suffered after the visit of
the Rothschild-connected President of France, Georges Pompidou, a few months
earlier, as discussed in “</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/12/sophists-and-other-scoundrels-part-two.html" target="_blank">Sophistsand Other Scoundrels</a>, Part 1</span><span class="bodytext">.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span> Joint
Meeting of the Empire Club <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">of Canada
and The Canadian Club of Toronto
(<a href="http://speeches.empireclub.org/61822/data?n=12" target="_blank">March 19, 1973</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong><span class="bodytext">Connally, in response to a question raised following his speech
(he was asked whether </span>a decision by another nation such as Canada “to
conserve its oil, gas, water, mineral and other resources and limit delivery of
those to the United States, would … be accepted philosophically by your country
… or might we expect political, economic or military pressure to reverse it”), <span class="bodytext">exhibited an attitude of frustration with “nationalism” that has
become more prevalent in the years since Connally passed from the scene.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He answered as follows:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</span>What you have is yours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can do with it what you wish; that's your
prerogative as a sovereign nation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
would assume that if you are going to deny all your oil, your gas, your water,
your timber, your resources, your nickel, your gold or your coal, whatever you
have in the way of natural resources, you're going to deny those to the United
States in order to conserve them yourselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I assume that you will equally deny them to other nations around the
world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under those circumstances I don't
know that the United States
would have any cause to complain at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If, on the other hand, if you denied them only to us and continued to
market them and ship them to other nations around the world, I don't know how
we could do anything but assume that this was a punitive action taken directly
against the United States and then you might hear a little flap about it…. So I
think we all have to frankly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">use our best
efforts to put down this increasing wave of nationalism that's sweeping the
world</i>.” [italics added]</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> “<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754066832050;view=1up;seq=3" target="_blank">International Banking</a>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Supplement to a Compendium of Papers
Prepared for the Fine Study,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Staff
Report of the House Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing</i>. 94<sup>th</sup>
Cong., 2d Sess. (1976). The embedded link allows one to search the article. A search for the word Rothschild brings up <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt/search?q1=rothschild;id=pur1.32754066832050;view=1up;seq=3;start=1;sz=10;page=search;orient=0" target="_blank">nine hits</a>.</span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Lawrence Malkin, “Rothschild’s Draws on Past to Forge
New Global Links, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Post, Times Herald</i> (April 6, 1969),
105.</span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div id="edn10" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span> <i>New
York Times (</i>November 29, 1972), 64.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-2165423937803587392016-11-25T16:47:00.003-06:002019-11-14T09:49:23.934-06:00Bush and Fay Family Roots and Skeletons<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Obadiah Bush and His Brother--</b></span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Early Abolitionists and Feminists</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Obadiah Newcomb Bush, born in Vermont, fought in the War of 1812 which began when he was 15 years old. After war's end both Obadiah and his brother Henry Bush migrated to Rochester, New York. There Obadiah met and, in 1821, married Harriet Smith, a daughter of Dr. Sanford and Priscilla Whipple Smith. The Bushes’ son, James Smith Bush, was born there in 1825. Obadiah began teaching at Rochester Seminary, a public school, and was shown in 1832 to be one of its trustees (and Treasurer) before it became Rochester Collegiate Institute in 1841. In 1827<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3oAsAAAAYAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA251" target="_blank"> Obadiah was a trustee</a> of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=nVdNAQAAMAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA154" target="_blank">Third Presbyterian Church</a> and Society of Rochester.<br />
<br />
With a population exceeding 12,000, when the City of Rochester incorporated in 1834, Obadiah was serving as one of the city’s<a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924030327989/page/n57" target="_blank"> fire wardens</a>. For its 50th anniversary in 1884, the city commissioned Jenny Marsh Parker to write a history of the city, and Obadiah’s name appeared several times in her book. For example, in <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3qE3AQAAMAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA130-IA4">1838</a> he was named as an officer in Rochester’s Anti-Slavery Society. Obadiah had been attending annual meetings of the American Anti-Slavery Society since at least<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=kpcRAAAAIAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA2-PA24" target="_blank"> 1835</a>, and would have been acquainted from those meetings with its president Arthur Tappan, with William Lloyd Garrison, and with former slave Frederick Douglass, who became a member later.<br />
<br />
<i>The Liberator</i> reported that O.N. Bush was a manager <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24010840/o_n_bush_from_rochester1839/">representing New York</a>, along with <a href="http://www.nyhistory.com/gerritsmith/bgreen.htm" target="_blank">Gerrit Smith and Beriah Green</a> of Syracuse's Oneida University, of the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1839-40. He was elected in the annual meeting in Boston in May 1839. Other New Yorkers elected included William L. Chaplin, Richard P. G. Wright, Beuben Sleeper, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Galusha" target="_blank">Rev. Elon Galusha</a>.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Henry Bush and Abigail Norton Bush</b></i></span><br />
<br />
Obadiah's brother, Henry Bush, before settling permanently in Rochester, had gone to Ohio, where two of Henry and Abigail Bush's children were born. They returned to Rochester to set up a stove dealership soon after 1840. Henry then set up his business and also developed a strong interest in the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society ( WNYASS) <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24187025/wnyass_formed_in_1840_by_wm_l/" target="_blank">formed in 1840 by Chaplin</a>. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7rDZZXiJ3aEolR5cf3lh-wzJxA28PXMdVDdLBM7feGNzw5BRdGaVRzYUCNZpxZNHn90b_J0Y7HwcDG5VPhKjNOZp80iLYHCcxqCANnv-FIOA3wz62bF1aDolMhjvURjdw25DhvK-2ymU/s1600/Abigail+Bush.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="279" data-original-width="363" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7rDZZXiJ3aEolR5cf3lh-wzJxA28PXMdVDdLBM7feGNzw5BRdGaVRzYUCNZpxZNHn90b_J0Y7HwcDG5VPhKjNOZp80iLYHCcxqCANnv-FIOA3wz62bF1aDolMhjvURjdw25DhvK-2ymU/s320/Abigail+Bush.jpg" width="320" /></a>Henry Bush's wife <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24031070/rochester_womens_rights_convention1848/">Abigail Norton Bush</a>, an intrepid suffragist with Amy Post and Lucretia Mott, presided over the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24013050/abigail_norton_bush2017/">Women’s Rights Convention</a> in Rochester in 1848—the first woman who ever presided over such a meeting in which men were also involved. Once Abigail had taken that shocking step against men’s preordained role of dominance, however, she and her family were soon banned from decent society in Rochester.<br />
<br />
According to Nancy A. Hewitt in her book <i>Women's Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822-1872</i> (page 106), Abigail was a member of the group led by Frederick Douglass in Rochester called <a href="https://freethought-trail.org/trail-map/location:post-home-western-new-york-anti-slavery-society/">Western New York Anti-Slavery Society</a>. Also in that group were John Kedzie and Samuel D. Porter. Douglass, the freedman abolitionist, would leave his home in Rochester (bought from <a href="https://freethought-trail.org/trail-map/location:frederick-douglass-urban-homesite/" target="_blank">John Kedzie</a>) in 1852.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp0kX7BkPE6UQDEpo_GYkwktTo0gG8M0Ef9NpQHnXWGXFpT8LrDfvHZjGo3RRJ6B-R_npsYSPB9mzS7uJnOJhDg2XAzQlPAtalGrkO6VOg7zqmWHfVRJRw2huZfuMw_AxICO-j8DaNDIg/s1600/Morgan_Foote_Kedzie_1889.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="190" data-original-width="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp0kX7BkPE6UQDEpo_GYkwktTo0gG8M0Ef9NpQHnXWGXFpT8LrDfvHZjGo3RRJ6B-R_npsYSPB9mzS7uJnOJhDg2XAzQlPAtalGrkO6VOg7zqmWHfVRJRw2huZfuMw_AxICO-j8DaNDIg/s1600/Morgan_Foote_Kedzie_1889.jpg" /></a><br />
John Kedzie, a silversmith and manufacturer of filters, sometimes worked out of an office in New York City (according to the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=yuw6AQAAMAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA11-PA19" target="_blank">1889 City Record</a>) with Dr. George E. Morgan, a physician. Morgan was a son-in-law of <a href="https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/61157/46155_b289803-00453?pid=930386&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D61157%26h%3D930386%26tid%3D154525652%26pid%3D142043737835%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3DnTM4456%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=154525652&personid=142043737835&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=nTM4456&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true#?imageId=46155_b289803-00452" target="_blank">James Hall Foote</a>, a hardware wholesaler. In 1850 a daughter was born to Dr. Morgan and his wife, whom they named Lemyra (after John Kedzie's wife). When Lemyra was about ten years old, after continuing to insist she was a boy, was allowed to dress in male clothes and to change her name to Rollin Kedzie Morgan, after her uncle Rollin H. Morgan. John Kedzie also had a son named Rollin Morgan Kedzie.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shortly after presiding over the women’s convention, the Bush family’s <a href="http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2014/02/abigail-bush.html">future</a> changed forever: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In 1849 or 1850, after years of suffering business losses, Henry Bush headed west to join the California Gold Rush and to make a life there. He left a pregnant Abigail in Rochester. By the early 1850s, the whole family had settled in California, where Bush was to live for the rest of her life…. Abigail Bush died at Vacaville, California on December 10, 1898 at the age of 88. She is buried with her husband in Alhambra Pioneer Cemetery on a hill across the city from the one on which she had lived for nearly 30 years. </blockquote>
Henry Bush bought land near Martinez, in Contra Costa County, California. There he started a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24030258/henry_bushs_vineyards_purchased_by/" target="_blank">vineyard</a>, which the family sold to Christian Brothers in 1879. The Catholic brothers also began building <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24030322/description_of_henry_bush_lands_sold_to/" target="_blank">St. Mary's College</a> at the site. Henry and Abigail had one daughter and four sons, including<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3F7Dr9PtSKqK9r-O6n_Oxf5ePH0YRjjwjz6KNuUiPC7c74WQpfDRTXqA9tYJAjF49Ot81249OxC3ZybsnyxRX7K0v1tbFFG8_f2B0P59XzgATGv7DJBsufZ2QQVkRc65HOh-NU7f49nE/s1600/Kedzie+Morgan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="448" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3F7Dr9PtSKqK9r-O6n_Oxf5ePH0YRjjwjz6KNuUiPC7c74WQpfDRTXqA9tYJAjF49Ot81249OxC3ZybsnyxRX7K0v1tbFFG8_f2B0P59XzgATGv7DJBsufZ2QQVkRc65HOh-NU7f49nE/s320/Kedzie+Morgan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kedzie Morgan in 1954</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24030720/norton_bush_obit1894/">Norton Bush</a>, who became a famous landscape artist; and</li>
<li>David S. Bush, who married Ellen Morgan. Their daughter, <a href="http://afflictor.com/tag/dr-alice-bush/" target="_blank">Dr. Alice Bush</a>, was engaged for a year to <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28481899/dr_alice_bushdr_hs_peltondeath_of/" target="_blank">Dr. H. S. Pelton</a>, who froze to death while in Alaska, searching for gold in 1901. Three years later Alice contracted a marriage to her first cousin, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f1dMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA432&lpg=PA432&dq=Rollin+Kedzie&source=bl&ots=AtOoSkb7Co&sig=ACfU3U0KEP7aRJQBctEpKVMffNjWaQcxSw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj22_eZyMDgAhVwq4MKHeQfASoQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=Rollin%20Kedzie&f=false" target="_blank">Rollin Kedzie Morgan</a> a/k/a <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28481223/alice_bush_wed_to_rk_morganvoid_1909/" target="_blank">R. K. Morgan</a>, a lifelong <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28482470/dr_alice_bushmarriage_to/" target="_blank">transsexual</a>, who lived with her for five years. Dr. George E. Morgan, a brother of Alice's mother, had attended <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=f1dMAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA432" target="_blank">Hahneman Medical College</a> in Philadelphia, founded upon principles of homeopathy set up by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann of Germany. Alice Bush was connected with <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=k9SP1W4kbEUC&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA14" target="_blank">Hahnemann Hospital</a> and medical college in San Francisco, where her cousin <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28578294/rollin_kedzie_morgandr_alice_bush1909/" target="_blank">Rollin Morgan</a> enrolled. </li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;"></span><br /></div>
<span style="color: black;">Obadiah and Henry's younger sister, Caroline Bush, married Joseph Bayard Bloss, whose brother <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24188596/rochester_ass1834/" target="_blank">William Clough Bloss</a>, was a manager of the Rochester Anti-Slavery Society in 1834. Joseph Bloss was sympathetic to that movement, but he was even more active in the temperance cause while in New York. The Blosses eventually moved farther west to Michigan where they lived the remainder of their lives.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black;"><i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Obadiah's Descendants</b></span></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii7w96aO1SQtqmMjFmKnL7-eDNpwG7AMWbpk2k9TolBvTocWgynaYUUYzCH4WCaO1V4W6MBo7vKOomgL8E9xI9DRY99icigI2LyksqVRK0kOsz84DGETR6p92q6ZU0eWnQWxDYsWu1pnc/s1600/Gold.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="585" data-original-width="590" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii7w96aO1SQtqmMjFmKnL7-eDNpwG7AMWbpk2k9TolBvTocWgynaYUUYzCH4WCaO1V4W6MBo7vKOomgL8E9xI9DRY99icigI2LyksqVRK0kOsz84DGETR6p92q6ZU0eWnQWxDYsWu1pnc/s200/Gold.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The call of gold</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Like his brother Henry, Obadiah Bush also heard the call from the California gold fields</span> almost as soon as discoveries were made at Sutter’s Mill. He left his family behind in Rochester while he was “off panning for gold,” as we are informed by George W. Bush's biographer, Mickey Herskowitz, who gives Obadiah’s absence from Rochester as the reason for his son James’ decision to practice law there instead of becoming a minister. [9]<br />
<br />
Obadiah Bush departed for California after the U.S. Census, signed on August 31, 1850, indicated that James Smith Bush, age 24, was indeed practicing law in Rochester while his father, "O.N. Bush," was then a “land agent,” residing at the same residence, along with his mother Harriet and four other siblings. That census records all the children of Obadiah N. and Harriet Smith Bush were then residing with Obadiah and Harriet Bush in Rochester, New York:<br />
<ol>
<li>the eldest son, James, 24, was practicing law in Rochester;</li>
<li>daughter Cornelia, 27, was unmarried;</li>
<li>daughter Elizabeth, 19, also unmarried;</li>
<li>son William Mack, 14, was in school; and</li>
<li>son Sanford, only 6 years of age. </li>
</ol>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVUuDGN_RFUwuhEJN76jCsC3r7IFAEXQIUuJOH9wXb6qKEKSEM_MmbmcHf9y2mDbXJ6q-X7_IQkQ6oyYufURpF03_iOCYte2XPgN3wOQGM4JX3bxYE2Nphy0TjOMkMcqWm2tvYzChe__o/s1600/Rev.+Bush.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="166" data-original-width="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVUuDGN_RFUwuhEJN76jCsC3r7IFAEXQIUuJOH9wXb6qKEKSEM_MmbmcHf9y2mDbXJ6q-X7_IQkQ6oyYufURpF03_iOCYte2XPgN3wOQGM4JX3bxYE2Nphy0TjOMkMcqWm2tvYzChe__o/s1600/Rev.+Bush.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rev. J.S. Bush</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Four months later, Obadiah (<a href="http://www.maritimeheritage.org/news/benevolent.html" target="_blank">O. N. Bush</a>) was living in San Francisco, California. We do not know whether he made contact with his brother Henry there, but he did begin preparing for a permanent life out west. By December he was being elected to the executive committee of the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24238378/o_n_bush_in_san_francisconew_england/" target="_blank">New England Club</a> in San Francisco, a club organized only three months earlier by other easterners. Obadiah remained several more months and was heading home on the <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28612294/death_of_on_bush_at_seasteamer/" target="_blank">Steamer Oregon</a> when he met his death on August 15, 1851, and was buried at sea. This occurred three days after another passenger aboard had been buried in Acapulco.<br />
<br />
New York in 1851 when he reportedly died aboard ship near Acapulco, Mexico. He was buried at sea. <br />
<br />
James Smith Bush, the eldest son, did not have time to grieve for the loss of his father. In October 1851 he married <a href="https://archive.org/details/freemangenealogy1875free/page/212" target="_blank">Sarah Hannah Freeman</a>, daughter of a physician, Dr. Samuel Freeman of Saratoga Springs, New York. Sarah moved with James to Rochester, where she died two years later. By 1855 James was recorded by the
1855 New York state census as a student in Saratoga Springs, living with his
in-laws while studying for the ministry. The death of his father, wife, and infant child, had apparently taken their toll on his spiritual well-being, turning him to religious studies. All but one of Sarah's siblings had also predeceased her, leaving behind her parents and a sister, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9glgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA141" target="_blank">Helen Freeman</a>, who in 1861 married <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=xLwEAAAAYAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA354" target="_blank">Rev. John Woodbridge</a>, a widower with five children. <br />
<br />
The year 1860 was a climactic one, which saw the civil war beginning to split apart the country. But before following up on the second marriage of Rev. Bush and his descendants at that turbulent time, we will next explore his siblings, the other children of Obadiah and Harriet Smith Bush. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><b>Cornelia Bush Marsh</b></i></span> <br />
James Smith Bush's eldest sister, Cornelia, had married Robert Marsh and moved to
Virginia, where three children were born. From there they moved west to Ohio before
the civil war.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDjYPQyTNrRcn8cKijeTlvO8Bn0Cvx1pMJ5LBfZSkhJemsPUiz40gubyShwhnnkt9andYOJuyKeQgsjNfZkTTETVYtJFrZowV3iyICSOwnubtOFhP79pRXZShjRE2OdHoD8rYPg83dXM0/s1600/W-M-Raymond-MFG-Co-c.1875.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="682" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDjYPQyTNrRcn8cKijeTlvO8Bn0Cvx1pMJ5LBfZSkhJemsPUiz40gubyShwhnnkt9andYOJuyKeQgsjNfZkTTETVYtJFrZowV3iyICSOwnubtOFhP79pRXZShjRE2OdHoD8rYPg83dXM0/s200/W-M-Raymond-MFG-Co-c.1875.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William Raymond, coffin maker</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><b>Lizzie Bush Raymond</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><b> </b></i></span>A second sister, Elizabeth (they called her Lizzie), married William Mead Raymond in 1852, and they lived out most of the remainder of their years in the northernmost part of Brooklyn, New York--called Williamsburg--west of Newtown Creek southern bend. They moved farther north for a time to Newburgh, Orange County, New York (shown there in census of 1870).<br />
<br />
In 1876, a city directory showed the Raymond family back in north Brooklyn at 130 Rodney Street, while the office address for Mead's coffin-making business was at 348 Pearl Street in Manhattan, near the Brooklyn bridge. The family had by then suffered two catastrophic events:<br />
<ul>
<li>The eldest son, William Bush Raymond, died at the tender age of 13 in 1867; </li>
<li>a daughter Evangeline died in 1875 at the age of 11. </li>
</ul>
One child remained--Jessie, born in 1860. She married in 1883, one year after her father was said to have dropped dead while strolling with his wife in Kensington, London. His widow returned home but eventually relocated to Saratoga Springs.<br />
<br />
<i><b>William Mack Bush</b></i><br />
<br />
The fourth of the Bush children born (1836) to Obadiah and Harriet was William Mack Bush. Only 15 when his father died in 1851, William attended Harvard and then studied at MIT, obtaining a degree as a civil engineer by 1858. During those years, it seems likely that his mother had moved with him to Massachusetts, since neither of them show up in the New York census of 1855.<br />
<br />
In June of 1859 William married Euphemia "Effie" Faulkner, of Newtown, Long
Island (area now absorbed by Brooklyn), who had grown up very close to the Williamburgh neighborhood where Lizzie Bush Raymond lived with her family. It is possible that young William Mack Bush had met his future wife while accompanying their mother to visit his sister in Brooklyn. In the 1860 census, Obadiah's widow (Harriet S. Bush) and the youngest son Sanford were making their home with William Mack and his new bride in Orange Ward 1 in Essex County, New Jersey, some distance away from the manse provided to the newly ordained Episcopal minister, Rev. James S. Bush, Harriet's eldest son.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Mrs. William Mack Bush's Meiggs/Keith Relations</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1FMnXWAgIfWHxQTvpFQukPIfm2pg6TmxFXg0-Q3gkCPL2f_BaDn3n3ytbPuJeb62HOCxt9xxIJlHbEEs_KRVJxAsb9pVK-M9QGohbHdJlMLoaS-u0BDFLsFz0T9Xx23eDan3EIyIxxts/s1600/Meiggs+wharf.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1148" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1FMnXWAgIfWHxQTvpFQukPIfm2pg6TmxFXg0-Q3gkCPL2f_BaDn3n3ytbPuJeb62HOCxt9xxIJlHbEEs_KRVJxAsb9pVK-M9QGohbHdJlMLoaS-u0BDFLsFz0T9Xx23eDan3EIyIxxts/s320/Meiggs+wharf.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Meiggs</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Effie Faulkner Bush had two sisters who had married men from the Meiggs family who had engaged in the lumber business in that same area of Brooklyn: <br />
<ul>
<li><i>Mary Augusta Faulkner</i> in January 1858 married <i>John Gilbert Meigg<b>s</b></i>, youngest brother of the once-infamous Henry Meiggs, who heard the call of wealth in California a
year or so before Obadiah appeared there. The Meiggs family had been
in the lumber business in New York, and Henry saw an opportunity to
provide lumber for the booming construction business in that new territory, to which wannabe gold miners were moving. <br />After building Meiggs Wharf at
San Francisco, <a href="http://www.maritimeheritage.org/vips/meiggsHenry.html" target="_blank">Henry Meiggs</a>
<i>reportedly</i> absconded in 1854 with proceeds of forged warrants and stock
from his lumber company, bound with his family for Tahiti. With him was his younger brother, John Gilbert Meiggs, and other family members. He
eventually turned up in Chile (which had no extradition treaty with the
United States), where he obtained a concession from its president to
construct a railroad from Valparaiso to Santiago, which was completed <a href="https://donduncan.org/meiggs/meiggs.htm" target="_blank">ahead of schedule in 1860</a>. History then revised his notoriety, once he paid back the money which he had stolen.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><i>Elizabeth (Lillie) Faulkner</i> in 1838 married Henry Meiggs Keith, a nephew of her brother-in-law. One of the sons of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=m640AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA67" target="_blank">Emily Meiggs</a> Keith and Minor Hubbell Keith, and brother of the much more famous <i>Minor Cooper Keith</i>. </li>
</ul>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqLUOOToGXTqVPK1pm9B6AgrtEpW6xt_7RMPO8osY_S5mcFvGbHKWeMdaNHYM_90j-Wc8PgnYQvCFtugiBncMSy59WrZhNnQ-IjsLf0_3t6IGGLp91J1y3NS7Gg4ss7MgViRxK25ac-_U/s1600/Minor+Cooper+Keith.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="558" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqLUOOToGXTqVPK1pm9B6AgrtEpW6xt_7RMPO8osY_S5mcFvGbHKWeMdaNHYM_90j-Wc8PgnYQvCFtugiBncMSy59WrZhNnQ-IjsLf0_3t6IGGLp91J1y3NS7Gg4ss7MgViRxK25ac-_U/s200/Minor+Cooper+Keith.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minor Cooper Keith in Costa Rica</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 1871 Henry Meiggs summoned his <a href="http://www.unitedfruit.org/keith.htm" target="_blank">sister's sons</a> to join him in new railroad projects in Peru and Costa Rica where Effie Bush's brother-in-law, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=m640AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA102" target="_blank">John Gilbert Meiggs</a>, had been working for some time. It was a dangerous project in which several of the Meiggs and Keith men would die, including Effie's brother-in-law Henry Keith, whose brother--<i>Minor Cooper Keith</i>--then became Henry Meiggs' protege, and ultimately, founder of the United Fruit Company.<br />
<br />
Upon Uncle Henry Meiggs's death in 1877, his will, published in the New York Daily Herald, did not mention his brother, John G. Meiggs, who had sailed from <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28059678/john_g_meiggslondon1876/" target="_blank">Callao, Peru</a>, and arrived in Liverpool in February, 1876, intent on borrowing money on behalf of the Peruvian government, presumably for his brother's projects. His wife, Effie's sister, traveled with him, and she gave birth on January 6, 1877 to Norah Church
Meiggs in London. (Note: When Norah married Herbert Allfrey 20 years later, Ambassador John Hay and the Cunard family attended her wedding.)<br />
<br />
A portion of the will, relating to unfinished South American projects, appeared in the news in October 1877:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-CoUxhFyQq5NNd4dYqjcoEl5evFVlBUKVaETJM2OwznlWMtjpu2U7v938a26Nrj_nCKwEFKlI4qAoYcubTZArIyoowiDVsC2Lz0bc2nNx9vRkiR_fgDVlJ3AWlSsZVj0WpQdKIbH5Ktw/s1600/Henry+Meiggs+will.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="647" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-CoUxhFyQq5NNd4dYqjcoEl5evFVlBUKVaETJM2OwznlWMtjpu2U7v938a26Nrj_nCKwEFKlI4qAoYcubTZArIyoowiDVsC2Lz0bc2nNx9vRkiR_fgDVlJ3AWlSsZVj0WpQdKIbH5Ktw/s400/Henry+Meiggs+will.jpg" width="331" /></a></div>
<br />
He <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25953083/will_of_henry_meiggs1877/" target="_blank">named William Mack Bush</a> first among a group of men from whom successors would be chosen in the event any of his named executors failed to serve in that capacity. William's wife, the former Effie Faulkner, had given birth in Peru to several children between 1871 and 1876. <br />
<br />
John G. Means established a banking and contracting business of his own--John G. Meiggs, Son & Co.--based in London, where the family lived from then on, becoming naturalized British citizens.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMUa1GRudsAfVn_6f4Qm-UePv9r_YnSiEE4FsDUJC_M0yp8RNRxyVi2ZXcKqqHgDxNYh_cid4JI1mAGJQ-QkXVfbZO4ydT7Nc8ew3kM-as4zUKSBaBQWu-S0dkZM13SWLCuyRkrc4Hj68/s1600/Birch+Trees+Meiggs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="697" data-original-width="992" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMUa1GRudsAfVn_6f4Qm-UePv9r_YnSiEE4FsDUJC_M0yp8RNRxyVi2ZXcKqqHgDxNYh_cid4JI1mAGJQ-QkXVfbZO4ydT7Nc8ew3kM-as4zUKSBaBQWu-S0dkZM13SWLCuyRkrc4Hj68/s200/Birch+Trees+Meiggs.jpg" width="200" /></a>Mary Faulkner Meiggs's youngest child, Hilda Rathbone Meiggs, would be born in 1882, while the family lived in South Kensington, shown by the 1881 census at Bailey's Hotel (<span class="c-lengs-map__box__hotelx__left__content__title">140 Gloucester Road, London </span><span class="c-lengs-map__box__hotelx__left__content__title"><span class="c-lengs-map__box__hotelx__left__content__title">SW7 4QH</span>)</span>. In 1901 Hilda (18) was living with her 75-year-old widowed father in Chelsea, cared for by her older unmarried sister, Mary Effie Meiggs.<br />
<br />
Later years would show Mary Effie and her brother Frank, neither of whom married, living at Birch Trees in <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Easebourne,+Midhurst+GU29+9AD,+UK/@50.9979589,-0.7372634,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4875b54e40e0afdf:0x8e39959fc032219d!8m2!3d50.9979589!4d-0.7350747" target="_blank">Haslemere</a>, in West Sussex. A Sister, Helen Cornell "Nina" Meiggs, had in 1890 married <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hdURAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=Sir+James+Roderick+Duff+McGrigor&source=bl&ots=MAxLc-wUcM&sig=ACfU3U2IH-hJU6mq3d9BcvpLMZcj2-b1zw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj49Yzj0qfgAhVJLKwKHTNxDhcQ6AEwA3oECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Sir%20James%20Roderick%20Duff%20McGrigor&f=false" target="_blank">Sir James Roderick Duff McGrigor</a>. <br />
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In 1879, Keith had begun growing bananas on lands in Costa Rica, which product he eventually transported to market by means of a his own shipping line.<br />
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At some point after this change, there was no need for William Bush to remain in London. When he returned to America, he settled with his family in Concord, Massachusetts, where they lived in 1893 at Nashawtuc Hill near Elm Street until <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28339684/william_mack_bush_and_lillie_to_move/" target="_blank">closing their house</a> in November 1894 to move to Brooklyn.<br />
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There are several extant homes in that area built around 1884 and are quite impressive.<br />
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The later years of the Keith family are shown below.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The Fay Family in Concord</b></i></span><br />
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Harriet's father, Samuel H. Fay, as a young man had moved to Savannah, Georgia to work as a cotton broker. It is possible he met Harriet's mother, Susan Shellman, through her father, whose family in 1807 had built a boarding house in Savannah, which they <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27821689/john_shellman_savannah_boarding_house/" target="_blank">advertised</a> in New York papers. Between 1828 and 1834, John Shellman received a presidential appointment to be <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=GkxTAAAAcAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA263" target="_blank">inspector and surveyor</a> at the Port of Savannah, and return revenues collected to the U.S. Government. However, an inquiry was made in 1855, questioning whether his debt owed to the government in 1831 had ever been resolved. Shellman died in 1838.<br />
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Susan Shellman had been seventeen in 1825, when she married 21-year-old Sam Fay, recently arrived from Massachusetts. We are given very little about Sam's biography, other than what we have to glean by reference from that of his younger brother, Joseph Story Fay:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">As a young man, he [Joseph] worked as a shipping agent in New York in partnership
with L. H. Brigham. In 1838, he moved to Savannah, Ga. and joined his
brother Samuel H. Fay in the cotton trade as part of the firm <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-zIsAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA571&dq=padelford+fay&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjj55SogpbgAhWLtIsKHXMSCbMQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=padelford%20fay&f=false" target="_blank">Padelford, Fay & Co</a>. He worked in that business until 1861, when the company
dissolved and he moved back to Massachusetts.</span></blockquote>
The partnership was with Edward Nathaniel Packard Padelford, who died in Savannah in 1870. Padelford appointed Joseph Story Fay to act with his son-in-law, Francis C. Foster, to manage property bequeathed to his daughter.<br />
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The census of 1850 records that Joseph Fay was living in Chatham County, Georgia, and for a time served as president of <a href="http://ghs.galileo.usg.edu/ghs/view?docId=ead/MS%200134-ead.xml" target="_blank">Chatham Academy</a>, as well as the Union Society. Both Joseph Story Fay and his brother Samuel Fay had seemingly moved to Savannah as early as 1825, the year he married Susan Shellman.<br />
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We know that in 1894 William M. Bush was <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27523376/robert_m_bush_weds_marguerite/" target="_blank">residing in Concord</a> since his son Robert married Marguerite Putnam of Dorchester in a wedding ceremony performed by the rector of Trinity Episcopal Church in Concord. Trinity, only a decade old at the time, had a late start due to Concord's retaining its patriotic fervor long after the British soldiers, and their state religion, had been eradicated during the revolution.<br />
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James Smith Bush resigned from his pastorate at Staten Island in late 1884 and immediately thereafter relocated to his wife's hometown of Concord, Massachusetts for several years, working as superintendent of <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bWAl4Yn8DWgC&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA18" target="_blank">schools in Concord before 1887</a> and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bWAl4Yn8DWgC&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA4" target="_blank">resigning</a> in April 1877. His brother, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bWAl4Yn8DWgC&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA4-PA64" target="_blank">William M. Bush,</a> was also living in Concord at that time. James and Harriet Bush's youngest son, Harold, prepped for college in Concord before he began his engineering studies at Cornell (Class of 1893). His parents also <a href="http://www.gustner-wright-genealogy.com/tree/np104.htm" target="_blank">moved to Ithaca, NY,</a> shortly before Rev. Bush's death in 1889.<br />
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Rev. Bush's widow, Harriet Fay Bush, was found in 1900 census records to be living in Concord, Massachusetts with her daughter, <a href="https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/items/show/3181" target="_blank">Eleanor Howard Bush</a> (born 1873), an 1896 graduate of Smith College. She then trained to be a settlement worker at <a href="https://archive.org/details/smith9798smit/page/44" target="_blank">Boston Associated Charities</a>, whose president was <a href="https://www.jphs.org/people/2005/4/14/robert-treat-paine-housing-reformer.html" target="_blank">Robert Treat Paine</a>, a descendant of the signer of the Declaration of Independence with the same name. Eleanor, in 1902, married <a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924092694698/page/n297" target="_blank">Robert Archey Woods</a>, founder of Boston's first settlement house, South End. When R. T. Paine died in 1910, Woods wrote a lengthy <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=EClQAQAAMAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA99" target="_blank">notice of his death</a>, published in the Boston Transcript.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
</blockquote>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaqQOOPjWVeAPHbMRm_TWdAw3QhtHiS9X3L3UsreJm-nS3-o1Nx0xfTCE0WGBdidYoZq_Z-Qhhv_QhXUJFLlQyCu6PoESr2viGn96n9XeIXuxHwF6NOoJpEx4ATQ6TajhuTZawuSuQPtA/s1600/Harold+Bush.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="774" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaqQOOPjWVeAPHbMRm_TWdAw3QhtHiS9X3L3UsreJm-nS3-o1Nx0xfTCE0WGBdidYoZq_Z-Qhhv_QhXUJFLlQyCu6PoESr2viGn96n9XeIXuxHwF6NOoJpEx4ATQ6TajhuTZawuSuQPtA/s400/Harold+Bush.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/fourthrosterofcl00corn/page/22" target="_blank">Harold M. Bush,</a> Cornell Class of 1893</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Eleanor and her mother had moved to Columbus, Ohio, where Harriet's unmarried son Harold (a soldier in Ohio's Light Battery H), resided as early as 1896, according to his service record and city directories. Harold had been a student at Cornell in Ithaca when his father died there in 1889, and he graduated in 1893, with a degree in mechanical engineering. His work history appears in <a href="https://archive.org/details/fourthrosterofcl00corn/page/22" target="_blank">updates</a> he furnished to Cornell.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The Fay brothers in the South</b></i></span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBp8KLf1BhZJCMTgdLuhnGW8RMkxBxujURqHbek91Tfi5lQvD1z_nIqLOD8Tb7NAs16-Xx4ltXk4Dt4IkkqawmM7zj8dhHrgX6u1dbLwHz0GsZ-VTJOunDN0InoRh5X02NEHk1kxYS6g8/s1600/Samuel+H.+Bush+body+1847-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="450" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBp8KLf1BhZJCMTgdLuhnGW8RMkxBxujURqHbek91Tfi5lQvD1z_nIqLOD8Tb7NAs16-Xx4ltXk4Dt4IkkqawmM7zj8dhHrgX6u1dbLwHz0GsZ-VTJOunDN0InoRh5X02NEHk1kxYS6g8/s640/Samuel+H.+Bush+body+1847-1.jpg" width="323" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harriet's father - suicide?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Harriet Fay Bush, was a young girl in 1847 when her father--Samuel Howard Fay-- died. Her grandfather was an eminent judge in Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=2k87AAAAMAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA441" target="_blank">Samuel Prescott Phillips Fay</a>, who had been born in Concord, Massachusetts, in 1778. <br />
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He went to Savannah, Georgia, early in his career as a cotton broker, and there he met and married Susan Shellman. The births of several children followed. Samuel Fay executed his will in Savannah in 1839 before he relocated to Brooklyn, after the birth of Susan Elliott Fay in 1843. The child's name may signify a closeness between Fay and Georgia's first Episcopal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montpelier_Female_Institute#cite_note-6" target="_blank">Bishop Stephen Elliott</a>, who was at that time organizing a school in the diocese, to which S. H. Fay was named as principal. The school's largest donor was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaway_Bugg_Lamar" target="_blank">Gazaway Bugg Lamar</a>.<br />
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Not long after becoming the school principal, the Bishop and financial angel of the female school <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27782381/s_h_fay_principal_of_episcopal/" target="_blank">paid Fay a visit</a> in early May 1845, only a few months after the Bishop had been involved in the trial of a fellow bishop, <a href="http://anglicanhistory.org/usa/btonderdonk/statement1845.html" target="_blank">Onderdonk</a> of Pennsylvania. Elliott had no tolerance for men of authority allegedly engaged in improprieties with female members.<br />
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Two months after the allegations of improprieties appeared against Fay, on July 10, 1845, Susan Fay gave birth to Clara Montford Fay in Cambridge, Massachusetts, presumably under the guidance of her in-laws. Shortly thereafter Samuel was dispatched with his family to Brooklyn, New York.<br />
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Probate proceedings filed in May 1847 declared that Samuel had died on April 17, evidence of which was cited as a letter written in his own hand. However, no body had been located at that time. Notices of his disappearance were posted and a reward offered for information. Fay was said to have been involved in "adventurous transactions," which he did not expect to turn out well. A search of records in the Ancestry.com database indicates Letters Testamentary were issued in June of 1847 (recorded 2/168). The summer had passed before a decomposed body turned up in the dried-up bed of a pond in
Flatbush--a signet ring belonging to Fay and identifying papers found in
the jacket pocket. An empty vial of poison was also found nearby.<br />
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By the 1850 census Susan Fay had moved with all five children (Harriet was then 20, her elder sister 22) to New Haven, Connecticut, but their address was some distance from the Yale campus, east of the river. In the meantime, Samuel's brother (Joseph Story Fay) had taken up the cotton business in Savannah, as indicated in the 1850 census and tax records in Georgia. <br />
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The 1855 New York census showed Susan living in Manhattan with three servants to care for the family (Anna and Harriet were 27 and 25, respectively). Anna, who never married, died in 1921 at the age of 92 while living with her unmarried niece, <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/172786181/rosamond-hill-smith" target="_blank">Rosamond Hill-Smith</a>, only daughter of Clara Fay Hill Smith.<br />
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Susan's own will, written in 1884, would leave her daughter, Harriet E. Bush, a fourth of her estate, with a like amount to Harriet's brother, Joseph Story Fay.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Minor Cooper Keith and United Fruit</b></i></span><br />
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The contracts continued with Minor Cooper Keith in charge in Costa Rica. He married the Costa Rican president's daughter and eventually brought her to Brooklyn and built her a mansion at West Islip on the south shore of Long Island. The <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25922584/minor_cooper_keith_death1929/" target="_blank">Associated Press</a> wrote about him at the time of his death the following:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">He had received an invitation from his brother, Henry Meiggs Keith, to join him in the construction of a railroad in Costa Rica, so he joined his brother in that country, at that time a fever-ridden jungle, and the two men began to build a line from Puerto Limon, on the Atlantic side, to San Jose, the capital, on the Pacific. Henry Meiggs, an uncle and a builder of the first railroad across the Andes, had turned over to Mr. Keith's brother the contract for this road.</span><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><br />At the start the enterprise was beset with grave peril and in the first twenty-five miles Mr. Keith's three brothers and 4,000 other men lost their lives. Despite this, Mr. Keith, on his own credit, continued for several years to build the line, contracting in 1882 with the government to arrange the external debt and to complete the road to San Jose. He went to live in London for three years, where he arranged the external debt and also the financing of </span><span style="color: #666666;">£1,200,000 in bonds to finish the railway. While building the road on his own credit he suffered losses of more than $1,000,000 which the Costa Rican government paid to him voluntarily.</span></blockquote>
His obituary in the New York Times in 1929 stated:<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="color: #666666;">Meanwhile Mr. Keith saw the possibilities of banana raising
in Costa Rica and in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1872 he started a
plantation-the first in Central America--shipping to New Orleans and New
York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He gradually extended his
plantations until he became, in 1898, the largest banana grower in Central
America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also in the meantime had
acquired a fleet of steamships to transport his fruit.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="color: #666666;">In 1899 he organized the United Fruit Company with the late
Andrew W. Preston, receiving three-fifths of the company's capital for his
interests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was the first vice
president of the corporation's steamship line which office he resigned many years
ago to attend to his widening interests.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="color: #666666;">In 1912 he organized the Guatemalan Railways, which became
the International Railways of Central America, a system of some 880 miles,
touching both the Pacific Coast and the Caribbean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also became president of the Guatemala
& Salvador Railway, the St. Andrew's Bay Lumber Company, the Abangarez Gold
Fields of Costa Rica and the Polochic Banana Company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was vice-president of the Premier Gold Mining
Company of this city, International Products Corporation and the General Lead
Batteries Company.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">In 1883 Mr. Keith married Cristina Castro, daughter of Jose
M. Castro, former President of the Republic of Costa Rica, by whom he is
survived.</span></blockquote>
<br />
Henry Meiggs' youngest brother, John Gilbert Meiggs and his wife, formerly Mary Augusta Faulkner, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=m640AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA103" target="_blank">moved to London</a> in 1877 to raise funds for the construction projects that were continued by the the Keith brothers. Mary Faulkner Meiggs was the sister of Effie Bush, wife of William Mack Bush--James Smith Bush's younger brother. The Meiggses remained in South Kensington for many years, even after the births in 1877 and 1882 of their youngest daughters, Norah Church (Mrs Herbert C. Allfrey) and Hilda R. Meiggs (Mrs. Edward Arthur Smalley Potter). Both girls grew up in London and married wealthy Englishmen.<br />
<br />
O. H. Bush's widow, Harriet Smith Bush, the mother of James Smith and William Mack Bush, also moved to Orange, New Jersey, with her youngest son — fifteen-year-old
Sanford — where they lived in the residence of 24-year-old William Mack Bush, according to the 1860 census. William's occupation at that time was bookkeeper. William's brother-in-law, Henry Meiggs Keith, enticed him, as well as Henry's own brother, Minor Cooper Keith, to work in South America, building railroads for his uncle. At some point after 1867, when William's third son was born, he moved his family to Lima, Peru. The1900 census shows their children as follows:<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEindtCy9yd08Rz08tEaup1ppz2QUqOJncvsfZJYEp0FrwmvkdMXaFdgIrVpJk-roiUTDzt5P2eBEJMHZmMbDXCJDRYArugxOmv4-2IipXFElFoa9SvJ36tpXyZiSPmdzjsvoQoBPj4gE74/s1600/William+Faulkner+Bush_1921.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="398" data-original-width="249" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEindtCy9yd08Rz08tEaup1ppz2QUqOJncvsfZJYEp0FrwmvkdMXaFdgIrVpJk-roiUTDzt5P2eBEJMHZmMbDXCJDRYArugxOmv4-2IipXFElFoa9SvJ36tpXyZiSPmdzjsvoQoBPj4gE74/s200/William+Faulkner+Bush_1921.jpg" width="125" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wm. F. Bush</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li><b>William Faulkner Bush</b>, born at Newtown, Long Island, New York in 1861; married in <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25871139/william_f_bush_weds1887/" target="_blank">Flushing, N.Y., 1887</a> to Marion Smedberg; a 1921 passport application showed his legal domicile at Roselle Park, N.J., residence at Paysandu, Uruguay, and working for Midland Uruguay Railway Co., Ltd., based in Maiden Head, England.</li>
<li><b>James Sanford Bush</b>, born in New York in 1864; married Helen Stetson and worked initially for M. Farris & Co. as a custom house merchant.</li>
<li><b><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/168829774/robert-marsh-bush" target="_blank">Robert Marsh Bush</a></b>, born in New York in 1867, married Marguerite Putnam in Concord, Massachusetts, in 1894; her father, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bfIxDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT78&dq=%22silas+putnam%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2j6ahpYHfAhXHz4MKHeURDTMQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=%22silas%20putnam%22&f=false" target="_blank">Silas S. Putnam</a>, had made curtain rods and hooks, expanding into horseshoe nails, at two large facilities, located on Ericsson Street and on Neponset Avenue. He invented all the products he made and retired from the New Era Coffee company (<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=BHxGAQAAIAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA291" target="_blank">patented in 1877</a> as a <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G3QyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA186&dq=%22new+era+coffee%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiW_KmfpoHfAhUi_4MKHUsqCeAQ6AEIRDAF#v=onepage&q=%22new%20era%20coffee%22&f=false" target="_blank">substitute for coffee</a>) just before his daughter's marriage. The "coffee" was made from wheat and was manufactured on the Neponset River until at least 1938. Robert and Marguerite Bush lived at 722 Walnut Street, Roselle Park, New Jersey--just west of Staten Island. He worked at C. B. Richard & Co. at 61 Broadway in New York City, steamship agents, as an insurance broker. </li>
<li>Their only daughter, <b>Alice E. Bush,</b> was born in <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/80865746" target="_blank">1871 in Peru</a> and never married;</li>
<li><b>Walter Meiggs Bush</b>, <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/46419294/walter-meiggs-bush" target="_blank">born in Peru in 1873</a>; in 1920 worked for <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=7HFDAAAAYAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1662" target="_blank">Baltimore Tube Co</a>., originally organized by Minor Cooper Keith, who also founded the Baltimore Bridge Company of which Harry Dean Bush was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=escLAAAAYAAJ&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA576" target="_blank">manager</a>.</li>
<li><b>Noel Mack Bush</b>, was also <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/49224220/noel-mack-bush" target="_blank">born in Peru</a> in 1876. He eventually married Anne Rainsford French in Concord, Massachusetts</li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black;">In World War I the Meiggs banana distribution network, which had taken the name United Fruit Company, would have a large role with the U.S. Navy by lending ships to America. The Bush family would also have many unexplained connections to the Navy through George H. W. Bush and his son George W. Bush--both of whom became Presidents. That story is saved for later.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black;"><br /></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-49744502425271693892014-10-21T09:16:00.001-05:002022-08-02T10:32:58.316-05:00Skull and Bones Accepted Hegel's Dialectic Theories<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Verdana,sans-serif">Freedom Through Order</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">The philosophy which has dominated
the Western world since the mid 19<sup>th</sup> Century can be reduced to one
tenet—ultimate peace comes only through conflict—derived from Hegel’s dialectic
teachings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It proposes that a clash
between ideologies (thesis and antithesis) is a normal historical phenomenon
which always results in compromise (synthesis) that advances civilization to a
higher level of order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conflict, in
other words, is good, and peace is not necessarily desirable (or profitable).</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">Educated men had founded
governments after a period of violence and chaos, a state that would return
unless members of society advanced to a higher level—acceptance of a need to
abide by voluntary rules of law and order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Once most individuals accepted the “truth” that an ordered life brings
greater peace, leaders could then frame institutions by which non-conformists
could be forced into their “proper role” in a peaceful society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7P5IdmowHPIIu7PdqZcZIg4iOnWk0pAPmQ9_5-QzsQl1gS0SCAVaFtDKbyAn4D-Q8v9RWxNDLAvMuoqd7kVC533fGSnC7C0ER5FN4VVsq5sBqXHZXozFE7sTtqJGjhAncpObBqxdBpd8/s1600/Hegel.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7P5IdmowHPIIu7PdqZcZIg4iOnWk0pAPmQ9_5-QzsQl1gS0SCAVaFtDKbyAn4D-Q8v9RWxNDLAvMuoqd7kVC533fGSnC7C0ER5FN4VVsq5sBqXHZXozFE7sTtqJGjhAncpObBqxdBpd8/s1600/Hegel.jpg" width="199" /></a><span style="color: black;">This philosophy, which had risen
to increasing prominence by 1860, appealed to elitist Americans studying in
German universities during those decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Recognizing a German need at the time to unify the nation state, <span style="color: #990000;">Hegel’s
writing also looked forward to a day of universal—global—brotherhood
accomplished by rejecting selfish individualism.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Repelled by the chaos of the French
Revolution, Hegel taught that political democracy and individualism ultimately
resulted in repression rather than liberty and that an orderly and structured
society afforded more freedom than a chaotic one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">American students in Germany who
were most attracted to this philosophy believed that Western classical liberal
thought upon which America had been founded, rather than being the ideal toward
which America should strive, was actually the enemy of progress toward
universal brotherhood. Moreover, one of those students, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/01/life-and-ancestry-of-william-huntington.html" target="_blank">William HuntingtonRussell</a>, whose family had made a fortune by selling opium in China, returned to
Yale in 1832 to found a branch of a German secret society at Yale with fellow
student <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/accumulations-of-money-accumulated-power.html" target="_blank">Alphonso Taft</a>.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"> It is this secret society, now called Skull and Bones,
into which both John Kerry and George W. Bush were inducted during their junior
year at Yale.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">Hegel’s German idealism
(categorized as such because it stressed the dominance of ideas over physical
environment) would become the philosophical basis for the work of both Karl
Marx<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and Adolph Hitler—each of whom
envisioned different ends to be achieved by the same means—control over the
individual by the state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
paradox—that Hegel’s theories were used as the foundation of the Bolshevik
revolution of 1917, while at the same time giving a basis to the fascist
movement of the 1930’s—is not so extraordinary when we realize that, as <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">AntonySutton’s research</a> reveals, both extreme economic doctrines were financed by the
same small group of Americans, at the core of which were members of the secret
society that had previously been founded by Russell and Taft.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This group became
clustered around the Peabody and Morgan banking institutions.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOb8galuk4iLGrCJE2J8LTD7CnX3VY9uXKdot620tFD468pXXaZedrbM-BkUzuQUMt95tzsaYwNVNDqywVP9QZF7QvdPHqq4cb3459p8WOGcZVUj9uD16Eh29tEXpXK9voK53dY_2O6lY/s1600/stenc_skeleton.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOb8galuk4iLGrCJE2J8LTD7CnX3VY9uXKdot620tFD468pXXaZedrbM-BkUzuQUMt95tzsaYwNVNDqywVP9QZF7QvdPHqq4cb3459p8WOGcZVUj9uD16Eh29tEXpXK9voK53dY_2O6lY/s1600/stenc_skeleton.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="color: black;">One facet of dialectics was its
philosophical justification for simultaneously supporting two opposite
positions on a political issue, thus allowing its members to make a profit no
matter which party was in power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Talk
about hedging bets!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skull and Bones was
set up as a secret fraternity of men from elite social strata within the fields
of education, religion, medicine, law, science, transportation, banking and the
arts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a place for opposing
points of view within their scheme, as long as each man agreed to maintain the
established class order and took an oath to keep everything related to Bones
secret.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this way, regardless of
whether political power was in the right hand or the left, depending on which
way the political pendulum was swinging, power would be in the skeletal hand of
Yale’s elite Skull and Bones.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span face="Verdana,sans-serif"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Pool of Wealth—a Goose That Lays Golden Eggs</span></i></b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">In 1832, the year the first Skull
and Bones class was initiated, America was not unlike Hegel’s Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A generation after the War of 1812 the U. S.
Constitution was still less than a half century old and the new nation more
divided than ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The failure of the
Second Bank of the U.S. in 1832 left state chartered banks free to issue their
own bank notes, which could be traded as currency—resulting in financial chaos
leading to the Panic of 1837.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consequently, a uniform currency, a stable rate of exchange, and a
secondary market for securities had to be created in order for the American
economy to have liquidity. The National Currency Act of 1863 and National Bank
Act of 1864 helped to achieve these needs, replacing state chartered banks with
national ones, though it would be alleged after numerous panics—in 1873, 1893
and 1907—that there was a need for a centralized control in order to expand and
contract the currency when needed. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">By 1878, once the country had
recovered from the 1873 panic caused by the failure of Jay Cooke’s bank, New
York City had replaced London as the dominant financial center for United
States capital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>American businessmen
were primed to get rich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skull and Bones
members decided their time had come to consolidate the power their founders had
envisioned. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16dmuSW0lPsmSZLyhOiW6JegiDOs2PfQW4mLVVINhFA5U4mZdpYpQQq-uzTls8Y3hxUjpE8u7jn0Mla9deqHKxOXO15jpyxu5cHcsln-ifS0QULeBaQMav1epPij00rXmRKelFaHSJqQ/s1600/RussellTrust+tomb.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="115" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16dmuSW0lPsmSZLyhOiW6JegiDOs2PfQW4mLVVINhFA5U4mZdpYpQQq-uzTls8Y3hxUjpE8u7jn0Mla9deqHKxOXO15jpyxu5cHcsln-ifS0QULeBaQMav1epPij00rXmRKelFaHSJqQ/s1600/RussellTrust+tomb.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">What Russell and Taft envisioned
by <a href="http://peswiki.com/index.php/Site:LRP:Daniel_Coit_Gilman:_Incorporator:_The_Russell_Trust_Association" target="_blank">creating the Russell Trust</a> was a network of men who could use surplus wealth
(“golden eggs”) produced from the lucrative China Trade as a venture capital
pool to acquire equity in business entities to be created by American
entrepreneurs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pool could be repaid
with interest while helping the entrepreneurs become rich, with new pools of
wealth springing up to seed new ventures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each new pool of money is like a goose which lays golden eggs.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">The idea was that Bonesmen would quickly
advance to the top of their chosen profession in order to accumulate an
endowment of surplus for investment, to be managed by fellow Bonesmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As pointed out by <a href="http://trineday.com/paypal_store/product_pages/ASE.html" target="_blank">Antony Sutton</a>, Bonesmen,
such as Daniel Coit Gilman and </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Andrew Dickson
White, </span>founded Johns Hopkins University and Cornell, respectively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Similarly, those
who chose careers in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>religion, medicine,
law, science, transportation, banking and the arts also controlled trust funds
or handled large pools of money, which added to a huge pool ultimately managed
by the same bank establishment, headed</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">—</span>until his death in 1913</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">—</span>by J. Pierpont Morgan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>NOTES:</b></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span><br />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span>
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>a German professor at the University of Berlin from 1817 until his death
in 1831, deduced from his study of European history that mankind had made a
transition from a natural life of savagery to a state of order and law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hegel asserted, “What is rational exists, and
what exists is rational.” Following from that, events of history are not
accidents, but instead, manifestations of the universal divine idea. While
human conditions continuously change, Hegel believed, each change moves the
world closer to the universal goal of history: the achievement of human
freedom. Thus, history is the story of the progress of humanity toward true
freedom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hegel explained the ongoing,
progressive path of history through his “law of the Dialectic”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“According to Hegel, every age is governed by
a dominant idea, which he labels the spirit or the "thesis" of the
age. In time, this thesis is challenged by a new concept, its ‘antithesis,’
which is incompatible with the "thesis." To resolve the conflict
between the ‘thesis’ and the ‘antithesis,’ a blending of opposites occurs,
thereby producing a higher ‘synthesis,’ which becomes the new dominant idea, or
thesis, of the next age. History consists of the constant flow of ideas and
their opposites, which when reconciled, reach purer forms. The new synthesis does
not come without strife, but conflicts, commonly regarded as tragedies, to
Hegel do not demonstrate the triumph of evil. They are necessary steps forward
toward the universal goal, human freedom. To Hegel, however, the highest form
of freedom was not the absence of self-restraint, for the true ethical unit was
not the isolated individual but the state in which the individual lives.
Consequently, the movement of history is not toward individual freedom but
toward the freedom of the community as a whole. Therefore, Hegel's philosophy
exalts the state because only through it can humankind find meaning and be
truly free.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quoted in “Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel,”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">World
Eras, Vol. 9: Industrial Revolution in Europe (1750-1914)</i>. Gale Group,
2002.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><br />
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span>
After his graduation from Yale, Russell would found a prepatory academy in New
Haven called the New Haven Collegiate Institute with Stiles French, which later
became the Russell Military Academy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><br />
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span> <a href="http://reformed-theology.org/html/books/bolshevik_revolution/" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">WALL STREET AND THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION</i></a>
and <a href="http://reformed-theology.org/html/books/wall_street/" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">WALL STREET AND THE RISE OF HITLER</i></a>
(1974 Arlington House; 1999 Buccaneer Books).</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-75887639189717174172013-09-30T16:48:00.000-05:002013-09-30T16:48:39.438-05:00Who was Alexander Brown? <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6uOlRryttg0eK1jPZvX_cGYc42tzMbY1JfpaUBFHzyzmcHGpmuY9tttgugVvpwdDXbt4RmU9kMMBjL0NltjxJoCiK4ftu6E6_FCRPWGI47jeOXTxRBaYuwcWH4SkQlVu4U9kcHxg4TPM/s1600/Alex.Brown.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6uOlRryttg0eK1jPZvX_cGYc42tzMbY1JfpaUBFHzyzmcHGpmuY9tttgugVvpwdDXbt4RmU9kMMBjL0NltjxJoCiK4ftu6E6_FCRPWGI47jeOXTxRBaYuwcWH4SkQlVu4U9kcHxg4TPM/s200/Alex.Brown.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
A Protestant in Ireland, Alexander Brown had worked
as an <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=DMcLAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA28" target="_blank">auctioneer</a>
in the linen market in Belfast, which after 1785 was conducted in an
impressive building owned by the Earl of Donegall. The building's lease
was bought by John Brown, founder of the Bank of the Four Johns in
Belfast, but who does not appear to have been a close relation of
Alexander. Although his auction business was profitable in Ballymena,
after visiting a brother, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=DMcLAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA29" target="_blank">Stewart Brown</a>,
in Baltimore, Alexander decided to settle in that city on the opposite
side of the Atlantic. Another brother remained
behind in London to work with him
in an import-export business. By 1811 all four of his sons were partners
with him in Alex. Brown & Sons, headquartered in Baltimore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><i><b>The British Browns</b></i></span><br />
<br />
William
Brown, his eldest son, returned to England
in 1809 and set up a brokerage firm that would operate first as W. and J. Brown, renamed in 1839 as <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA76" target="_blank">Brown, Shipley & Co</a>.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> in Liverpool. </span>William’s role in the business, among other duties, would be to find wealthy investors to buy
the paper issued in America.<br />
<br />
Finding such investors
required that he create a network around himself of powerful society
members with whom to socialize, possibly one of the reasons he first
stood for Parliament in 1846. Twenty years later he was created a <a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=138-920bro&cid=0#0" target="_blank">baronet</a>, Sir William Brown of Beilby Grange (a mansion near Leeds) and Richmond Hill (near Lancaster). His descendants are set out in <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=C8fTAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA147" target="_blank"><i>Burke's Peerage</i></a>. (See also website, <a href="http://www.thepeerage.com/p18413.htm" target="_blank"><i>The Peerage</i>)</a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_KzPbzZ6MUMcDL-s8C_4WGDBaiBeUlGYZ08sYecALHyOOZ-bnBwLKpC8DG-aB5NKF3weS1rXWSfrD7w3XO_jacraf0QFBZXJSChYNFfKVRGC02SDhfpMGDDmEcdZYlLuDN3Uw3nBM5EI/s1600/Williambrown.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_KzPbzZ6MUMcDL-s8C_4WGDBaiBeUlGYZ08sYecALHyOOZ-bnBwLKpC8DG-aB5NKF3weS1rXWSfrD7w3XO_jacraf0QFBZXJSChYNFfKVRGC02SDhfpMGDDmEcdZYlLuDN3Uw3nBM5EI/s200/Williambrown.jpg" width="167" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir William Brown</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It is a truism in banking families that they frequently marry not-too-distant cousins and relations of their father’s business
associates, helping to keep the
money—and the secrets—within the family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Researching genealogies is, therefore, a very useful tool in
understanding confidential financial relationships. <br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
When
William returned to Britain in 1809, his younger brothers were still
being educated by a country minister at Catterick in North Yorkshire.
Initially, William went to Ireland to work at the market where Alexander
had started his career. There he met and married the daughter
of his father’s Belfast linen
supplier, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DMcLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=%22andrew+gihon%22+ireland+brown&source=bl&ots=HH0N4hLOGw&sig=gBROV9rv9N87dl1V5CCsrG4C2h4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JBYeUsP3HInI2AWWtoHgCA&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22andrew%20gihon%22%20&f=false" target="_blank">Andrew Gihon</a>. Although they had eight children, only two lived to become adults, and none of those survived him.<br />
<ul>
<li>Grace (1812-1849), in 1831 married <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=93M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA899&lpg=PA899&dq=HARGREAVES+FFOLLIOTT++ERSKINE&source=bl&ots=IAgQzm5Sv9&sig=CS08rwat-u18m4OrN5KXEoONTB4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zJQbUpTHLqPC2AWXzYDICA&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=HARGREAVES%20FFOLLIOTT%20%20ERSKINE&f=false" target="_blank">John <span class="SpellE">Hargreaves</span></a>,
whose family owned the calico print works at Accrington—midway between
Leeds and Lancaster. Grace Hargreaves' son John continued with the
calico business, while her son Thomas pursued a military career.</li>
<li>Alexander (1817-1849), married James Brown’s
daughter, Sarah Benedict Brown, during a visit to America in 1838, thus
uniting the English and American house of the brokerage company
and the bank in which the brothers were all partners. Their children
were as follows: William Richmond Brown (1840-1906); James Clifton Brown
(1841-66); Louisa (1842-63), who married Capt. Alexander William
Cobham; Alexander Hargreaves Brown (1844-76).</li>
</ul>
William's
grandson, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA155" target="_blank">Alexander Hargreaves Brown</a>,
became a Member of Parliament in 1863 and served until 1902, while
during that time becoming a partner of the Brown Brothers bank in 1875,
later serving as <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PC0vAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA156" target="_blank">senior partner</a> in the London office on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall,_London" target="_blank">Pall Mall</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
These
two branches of Sir William's descendants continued to marry their
children to their cousins and thus perpetuate the financial connections
on both sides of the ocean.</div>
James Brown was the only one of Alexander Brown's sons who married a native American girl. In December 1817 he married Louisa Kirkland Benedict, youngest daughter of <a href="http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mbwheeler&id=I053032" target="_blank">Dr. Joel Benedict</a>, and his wife Sarah McKown Benedict. Her father has sometimes been confused with Dr. Benedict's nephew and namesake, Rev. Joel Tyler Benedict, a Presbyterian minister who was working at a branch of the <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=31111133" target="_blank">American Tract Society</a> in Philadelphia when James arrived in that city, having been tasked by his father to assist his brother, John A. Brown, in starting a branch of Alex. Brown & Sons there, and it is possible he met her through this relationship since the Brown family had long been Presbyterian rather than Episcopalian. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b>James Brown of New York</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqNXECWQpmGs7bPOTthAppmyZQfmJ37Qyi8CZnBaKcR1iCt9k_oPapa0tvMttS4yQ0fN9z5rpLi0ZcoxIYtTFsLAYeimmBQ9JunVfUFnnCjn7cWn-JGSQMF9yk6Kj_UhKabi4DQpWwkMs/s1600/Nott.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqNXECWQpmGs7bPOTthAppmyZQfmJ37Qyi8CZnBaKcR1iCt9k_oPapa0tvMttS4yQ0fN9z5rpLi0ZcoxIYtTFsLAYeimmBQ9JunVfUFnnCjn7cWn-JGSQMF9yk6Kj_UhKabi4DQpWwkMs/s200/Nott.jpg" width="148" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eliphalet Nott</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i><b>Connections to church hierarchies</b></i><br />
<br />
In 1817 James Brown, Alexander Brown's youngest son who had recently relocated from Baltimore to Philadelphia, married Louisa Kirkland Benedict, youngest daughter of Dr. Joel and Sarah McKown Benedict.<br />
<br />
Her parents' eldest daughter, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/historicalsketch00bish#page/60/mode/2up" target="_blank">Sarah "Sally" Benedict</a>, was already 21 years of age by the time Louisa was born in 1795. <a href="https://www.union.edu/about/history/presidents/" target="_blank">Union College</a> was founded that same year in Schenectady, New York, and Dr. Joel Benedict's student and new son-in-law, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphalet_Nott" target="_blank">Rev. Eliphalet Nott</a>, was named the president of the college.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi33rM_MvC56SPBFHGi5CtWvB12kGIIqnCxnI0SZo8jj8ili6ty6FZSYtirDHwMMr6EqEeJE9MmBZ4k7HiOy2eYMCxGmB1QDnXA9uDj8uRO1FtcfjSiFehUbs-zde8sj3qfhTHnxSDGygg/s1600/Nott+Potter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi33rM_MvC56SPBFHGi5CtWvB12kGIIqnCxnI0SZo8jj8ili6ty6FZSYtirDHwMMr6EqEeJE9MmBZ4k7HiOy2eYMCxGmB1QDnXA9uDj8uRO1FtcfjSiFehUbs-zde8sj3qfhTHnxSDGygg/s320/Nott+Potter.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The eminent <a href="http://archive.org/stream/historicalsketch00bish#page/60/mode/2up" target="_blank">Potter family</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Although Sally Benedict Nott died the year her husband ascended to that position, she left behind a daughter, Sarah Maria Nott, with whom Louisa was quite close. Seven years after James Brown became part of the Benedict family, his wife's niece married <a href="http://archive.org/stream/historicalsketch00bish#page/60/mode/2up" target="_blank">Rev. Alonzo Potter</a>, her father's foremost divinity student at Union College. He also became a professor at the college (1831-45), after which he was named Bishop of the Pennsylvania Diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church.<br />
<br />
Louisa Brown died in 1829 and her niece followed a decade later. James Brown waited two years before marrying Eliza Maria Coe, the orphaned daughter of another Presbyterian minister, <a href="http://www.unitedprestroy.org/index.php/connect/building-history/" target="_blank">Dr. Jonas Coe</a> of Troy, New York. Alonzo Potter married, after the death of Sarah Maria Potter, the daughter of her brother Robert, who was also named Sarah Benedict, and with her had three more sons.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMh0FFyPrQlNuMaAIFLPxnzjHRwOACsntM8vk53vNhaGjmDBUeFDND1OfZkCLAHKFbLWe0ll71rpS4KYb7nX3KzwAGPXrJwuGM42_mUSeLabRU54Im02BFnwqqprdAfAABQpS_VIYIGUs/s1600/Potter+pic_crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMh0FFyPrQlNuMaAIFLPxnzjHRwOACsntM8vk53vNhaGjmDBUeFDND1OfZkCLAHKFbLWe0ll71rpS4KYb7nX3KzwAGPXrJwuGM42_mUSeLabRU54Im02BFnwqqprdAfAABQpS_VIYIGUs/s400/Potter+pic_crop.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
The daughter born to James Brown and Louisa Benedict in 1827 would grow up to marry Howard Potter, the second son of Louisa's favorite niece, Sarah Benedict Nott and her husband Bishop Alonzo Potter. After their marriage, Howard Potter became a partner in the Brown Brothers & Co. investment bank in New York, although he spent many years as manager of the London office. It will be recalled that James Brown's eldest daughter, Sarah Benedict Brown, had married her first cousin Alexander, whose father was Sir William Brown of the Liverpool and London offices. Two of their siblings--Grace and William--were lost aboard ship in 1854 as young adults. The youngest sibling, Margaretta Hunter Brown, married <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=JZVQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA279" target="_blank">James Couper Lord</a>, a son of the firm's attorney, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=JZVQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA274" target="_blank">Daniel Lord</a> and his wife Susan DeForest. The Lord family, as has been <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">mentioned </a>previously at this blog, is one of the most significant families involved in the Skull and Bones secret society.<br />
<br />
It has also been mentioned at this author's blog, <i>Quixotic Joust</i>, that the <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/02/part-2-see-part-1-frank-gardiner-wisner.html" target="_blank">DeForest family</a> were connected to some high-level members of the Episcopal Church, such as Dr. Horatio Potter, who became acquainted with Frank G. Wisner shortly before he was chosen to become head of a select arm of intelligence in the United States. We will soon discuss how all these connections interlink with the Brown Brothers investments.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-51937085142687263642013-08-28T11:38:00.001-05:002013-09-30T16:48:28.818-05:00GLOBAL FAMILY NETWORKS<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In 2006 the author was asked to deliver a presentation for a Sanders Research Associates conference, that was later cancelled. The ideas that arose from that endeavor have been expanded. What appears below is the first segment, which will be continued later. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><i><b>Micro Versus Macro View of the World</b></i></span></div>
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During my brief talk, I want give
an overview of my own concept of the historical development of transnational <span class="SpellE">globalism
by use of a metaphor that effectively depicts the growth and evolution
over the last five centuries of similar patterns</span> that have occurred among various nations and the economic models they use to sustain that nation's economy.</div>
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Then I want to go into a little
more detail into one <span class="GramE">family I have studied which</span> has had a very
significant role in behind-the-scenes transnational finance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The family <span class="GramE">we’ll</span> be
looking at, like most merchant bankers, started out as just merchants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether we use other terms, like “private”
bankers, “investment” bankers, or simply “venture capitalists,” they are
essentially small groups of very discreet people—often family members—who have
access to vast pools of wealth, which they promise to invest at great rates of
return.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their costumes may change from
one generation to the next, but they are always at the scene, pulling strings
(often hidden behind the curtain) to make history unfold as it does.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><i><b>Patterns Beginning in Early 16th Century</b></i></span></div>
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The earliest examples we find of
global trade, such as the exploits of Marco Polo, were family enterprises.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even Christopher Columbus, after his initial
discovery of the “new world,” made four or five subsequent voyages with his
brothers and son.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shipbuilding was a
family business, and therefore the seamen who became traders operated in family
units as they set out in search of the unknown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Over <span class="GramE">time</span> they established trading networks in
various ports throughout the world, attempting to make a profit each time they
unloaded their ships in a different location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The danger was great, but the promise of large returns on a successful voyage
made the risk worthwhile.</div>
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It didn’t take the seasoned
travelers long to realize, however, that competition brought profits down, and
that it could be eliminated by acquiring a monopoly from their local prince, or
a concession from a foreign one—to have the sole right to engage in that
particular enterprise in that precise location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, such a trading right would be worthless unless it <span class="GramE">could be protected</span> by force.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The development of nation states occurred as local fiefdoms expanded,
garnering increased power to secure these commercial rights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Political boundaries went as far as the lord
of that domain could protect the people within.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><i><b>Organic Metaphor</b></i></span></div>
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I tend to think in organic,
rather than mechanical, terms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Visualize if you can </span>a series of oceans surrounding masses of land. Each mass of land with a separate economic system is<span class="GramE"> depicted</span>
as if it were a self-sustaining plant growing in an earthen pot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> There is</span> a root system, a cluster of leaves and a stem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2BWbKGdZ5CQQvdt1qFSYRP3srMhmBOpC4AMsgNUiDJPLg9uuXn2dNdVqm-q4llPEG8hqqguAZ_a2FSKxalduveB1WzTFEZHsU406f_oBSXYh5N5cz-6qE8tDONFzoW5-F7ROIy7AqdNw/s1600/spider.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2BWbKGdZ5CQQvdt1qFSYRP3srMhmBOpC4AMsgNUiDJPLg9uuXn2dNdVqm-q4llPEG8hqqguAZ_a2FSKxalduveB1WzTFEZHsU406f_oBSXYh5N5cz-6qE8tDONFzoW5-F7ROIy7AqdNw/s200/spider.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spider Plant as metaphor</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Over the centuries, as the plant increases in
size, <span class="GramE">it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>becomes</span>
root-bound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
roots consist of members of the economic society who cultivate the soil
in some fashion--like miners or
farmers--who have become unable to provide enough resources from the
restrictive boundaries
of this pot to furnish nutrients for the plant’s leaves in order to
produce a surplus above bare subsistence that would allow the plant to
produce flowers or seeds
to ensure physical survival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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It was that
lack of resources, as well as the bland existence of life that motivated
explorers to escape the walls of the fief during the dark ages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="GramE">And</span> it was what they brought back from their adventures that
resulted in further change.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="GramE">Thus</span> the
Renaissance was like a genetic mutation of the medieval plant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Think of the stem of that plant as being the
lord of the manor whose responsibility was to ensure the most efficient
production of all units within the plant by properly coordinating distribution
of raw resources and finished consumer goods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He served as the clearinghouse or marketplace where all such products <span class="GramE">were exchanged</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
could maintain power only so long as he was able to satisfy the needs of these
units. The lord recognized his power was
draining away when there was no longer enough soil in the pot to feed all the
leaves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He either had to enlarge the pot
(something that would require a war), or he had to find another way of getting
the necessary nutrients.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The solution he
found was to change the plant’s structure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </div>
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Since
this is my metaphor, I allowed my lord of the pot to create the spider
plant; lords of the various pots equate to the crowned heads of
seventeenth-century Europe, whose lawyers devised the concept of the
chartered company. These crowned heads were, by this time, desperate for
new resources, having found that wars to increase the size of
their pots had further depleted their resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As new lands were<span class="GramE"> claimed</span>
on behalf of each root-bound pot by explorers authorized to trade
outside the pot, the lord found he or she had magically acquired the
means to pay these explorers as b<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">ankers suddenly popped up,</span> generously offering to turn that new land into ready cash (specie) for the pot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Give us
a portion of that new land as a grant,” they said, “and we will do your work for you, as long as we have
a monopoly on the trade.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDeU3SKezRhNanq-kmCC0xKNDC7QgOsXit1mla27Vpm3UNIfYuGm8ol-R4PGtJbd_dsFYZioncHsLWXKsUmb0mtqEKnuCCQxIVR-1kSJ86UXJQaCwJBxHwL_QLet-uRTXBJH4ZNPs63CM/s1600/stolon2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDeU3SKezRhNanq-kmCC0xKNDC7QgOsXit1mla27Vpm3UNIfYuGm8ol-R4PGtJbd_dsFYZioncHsLWXKsUmb0mtqEKnuCCQxIVR-1kSJ86UXJQaCwJBxHwL_QLet-uRTXBJH4ZNPs63CM/s200/stolon2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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Like
stems of a spider plant, each pot on the original map began sending out
new shoots, each with its own cluster of roots and leaves ready to
plant itself in new soil and recreate itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
this shoot (like a colony) settles on
soil, its roots can develop to feed its leaves while still being
connected to
the original stem by the stolon, which allows it to send the
required percentage of absorbed minerals back to the parent plant,
whether assessed against the company or the settlers brought there by
the company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </div>
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In return, the lord is able to promise
protection to the colony should a threat occur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="GramE">Thus</span> a reciprocal
relationship was developed between trading families who invested in such
charter companies and the heads of state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That relationship persists to this day even though the legal framework
has evolved from chartered companies into multinational corporations.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, a metaphor is not the truth. It is a visual and an intellectual aid to assist in understanding the truth. It must be tested for accuracy. The plant metaphor acts as the macro illustration of the world. What follows is the micro test. Here we focus on one example--one family network arrived in America only a decade or so after the Constitution was adopted. We will examine that family to learn how its banking business became intertwined with governments in America and abroad, in so doing testing whether the metaphor we have presented gives a true and accurate picture of the world.<br />
<br />
With reference to modern
financial institutions, what is now called <a href="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2002-04-03/business/0204030087_1_deutsche-bank-securities-deutsche-banc-bank-alex" target="_blank">Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown, Inc.</a>
is the result of a series of investment bank buyouts culminating in 1999 when the German bank acquired all assets of the old
investment bank established in Baltimore, Maryland<span class="GramE">,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by</span> Alexander Brown who first arrived in America in 1800 to engage in the linen trade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiPr_nz1VjogDPWZR1JhRtQZvGZQA-rj46WlfYqaCaDHoeVvGWv-6c_RsI77KnacWCqgFD7H-aUghD6n7AVLqfDUGtwcuRo9QL5fxu7Binm_zb3FqbO9woOoZYZgDFfLhcCO00uMYcLw0/s1600/linen_hall_1896.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiPr_nz1VjogDPWZR1JhRtQZvGZQA-rj46WlfYqaCaDHoeVvGWv-6c_RsI77KnacWCqgFD7H-aUghD6n7AVLqfDUGtwcuRo9QL5fxu7Binm_zb3FqbO9woOoZYZgDFfLhcCO00uMYcLw0/s320/linen_hall_1896.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~econnolly/books/additionalsidelights/as_donegall_place.html" target="_blank">White Linen Hall</a> in Belfast, Ireland</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Brown’s parents were <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=RVggAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA311" target="_blank">William and Margaret Davison Brown</a>, who were living
in <span class="SpellE">Ballymena</span>, Ireland,
when Alexander was born in 1764.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scots like the Browns had begun to settle in this section of Ireland at the height of Parliament's legal dueling with Charles I in 1641.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Fifty
years later, upon accession of William
and Mary and creation of the Bank of England, the Protestant population began to
explode
in Catholic Ireland restrictions on the
woollen trade, coupled with legislation allowing linen to be shipped
duty-free to England and to British colonies in America, increased
the importance of the linen industry in Northern Ireland.<br />
<br />
Most of the immigrating Scottish families stemmed from <a href="http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/973/the-huguenots-in-ireland" target="_blank">Huguenots</a> who had fled France
during the latter part of the 16th century rather than convert to Catholicism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For more than a century
the flax and linen industry would be Northern
Ireland’s main source of wealth as trading
networks were established by immigrating families.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-58516553567864257562013-08-19T15:24:00.004-05:002013-08-19T15:56:21.802-05:00Conception of National Interest with Disastrous Implications<div style="text-align: left;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_bYvS3L1PeebIE4a_5DL_iufbTGoM6g25KMSzNlykdjSQeu39qxx8rifY0vlq3kZBCwvcylVUrusZZYO6Jcva2NcSerBIAdi16qBMA77hrEsTWmb0ceUuxQ9HkYPXiQLhMSeczMHaKkQ/s1600/poppy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_bYvS3L1PeebIE4a_5DL_iufbTGoM6g25KMSzNlykdjSQeu39qxx8rifY0vlq3kZBCwvcylVUrusZZYO6Jcva2NcSerBIAdi16qBMA77hrEsTWmb0ceUuxQ9HkYPXiQLhMSeczMHaKkQ/s200/poppy.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="color: #134f5c;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">The Americans were marvelously ingenious in their exploitation of the commerce. They managed to circumvent both the East India Company's franchise and the Chinese Government's prohibition and carried on a very lucrative, if antisocial and ultimately ruinous trade. Finally, the fact of American participation in the [opium] traffic fundamentally altered the American posture in the Far East. It grew like the Southern view of slavery<b> --</b> <b>what began as an economic necessity ultimately developed into a conception of national interest with disastrous implications for the future</b>.</span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #134f5c;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Quoted from an article by <b>Professor Jacques M. Downs</b>, "American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800-1840," published in <i>The Business History Review</i>, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Winter, 1968), pp. 418-442. Downs was professor of history at St. Francis College in Biddeford, Maine. (See his <a href="http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=jacques-m-downs&pid=19226306&fhid=3306#fbLoggedOut" target="_blank">obituary</a> in the September 17, 2006 <i>Portland Press Herald</i> / <i>Maine Sunday Telegram</i>.) </span></span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The entire 26-page research article (available for <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8326447" target="_blank">purchase</a> at various websites or free from <a href="http://www.jstor.org/" target="_blank">JSTOR</a> in libraries which subscribe), from which the above quote is taken, appeared in print the same year that the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy ripped apart the United States. I remember that year with both horror and awe, as my own life suffered a violent philosophical wrenching so alien to what was occurring all around me. As a sophomore in high school when President Kennedy had died from assassins' bullets, I had almost completed my college courses as a major in history and government in my West Texas home by 1968. While friends and family carried on as though nothing had occurred, my life was changed forever. </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVuodpgcMomaAcg3IJQmsyuFCGgWnzyH_NQgAwgHXQAefuV9T98HJUbyDrxQ1E0kh2_ZQXrKED3Wb3wNHAoL0teKjlGCHLcSFjeCP9O5639mwDE-qe-XCpiXdGsRBU9ppG9Bmn932tpb0/s1600/Gnostic-Centre-cartoon-of-Platos-Cave-300x232.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVuodpgcMomaAcg3IJQmsyuFCGgWnzyH_NQgAwgHXQAefuV9T98HJUbyDrxQ1E0kh2_ZQXrKED3Wb3wNHAoL0teKjlGCHLcSFjeCP9O5639mwDE-qe-XCpiXdGsRBU9ppG9Bmn932tpb0/s200/Gnostic-Centre-cartoon-of-Platos-Cave-300x232.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Courtesy of <a href="http://byheart.readmesomethingyoulove.com/blog/2012/08/21/mind-cave-inernet-grotto-dancing-in-the-waiting-room-2/" target="_blank">Gnostic Center</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The previous year my English lit class had studied Plato's <a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.html" target="_blank"><i>Republic</i></a>, and I felt as though I were living the scene where <a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.8.vii.html" target="_blank"> Socrates describes the cave-like prison</a> where inhabitants face a wall where they view only the shadows of what is going on behind them, created by a light behind the events being played out in reality.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">It was not unlike the mirror image of a world into which Alice had climbed--almost real, but not quite real. And the sound track was being provided for us daily to describe the events, that we couldn't quite trust as truth. My education was only just beginning, but it was interrupted for quite a few years of angry cynicism that kept me off-track. I did not know where to turn. I began to distrust everyone and everything. Finding my way back was a long, hard road. I watched as many of my contemporaries were sucked into Vietnam, either as war or anti-war participants. Little did we know at the time that the history about which Professor Downs had written was coming to pass.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Excerpts from</span></span><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> "American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800-1840," by Jacques M. Downs</span></span></b></i></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">An Existing Business Model</span></b></i></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Most of our knowledge comes from the accounts of Europeans visiting or residing in Smyrna in the late century. More complete information apparently must await the systematic exploitation of Turkish records. </span>[<i>See</i> - By far the best sources I have found to date are Salaheddin Bey, <i>La Turquie a l'exposition universelle de 1867</i> (Paris, 1867) 48-56, and Carl von Scherzer, <i>Smyrna</i> (Vienna, 1873), 136-140. <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F70C17F93D5E12738DDDA80A94DA405B838CF1D3" target="_blank">Scherzer</a> was Austrian Consul at Smyrna for many years and should know his subject. <i>See also</i> O. Blau, "Etwas fiber das Opium" in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenliindischen Gesellschaft (1869), 280-281. The latter article, though very brief, cites several earlier sources in German and French. Unfortunately, neither Blau nor many of his references are readily available in this country.] </span></blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Opium was planted in late October and November and began to grow during the winter. Although the cold weather kept the plants small, the root-system developed considerably. Thus with the coming of spring, the plants would grow rapidly, each sending up from one to four stalks three or four feet high. At the end of April the poppies bloomed, and about two weeks after the petals fell, the poppy-head was fully developed and ready for harvesting.... </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2x7oPDAbHBdiI1opULKRkyU8PUemkKp14Ntt1vIBgTMfUandwdZVrqCXymsQl2y8D-LP0MFKBMZp8RFyuzjF4maJu6mWTCxhjr-PRM_CUhfzvi1vLfim05wV6Z1UTDGz1GjTOfJWKbS0/s1600/ottoman_empire_asia_1792.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2x7oPDAbHBdiI1opULKRkyU8PUemkKp14Ntt1vIBgTMfUandwdZVrqCXymsQl2y8D-LP0MFKBMZp8RFyuzjF4maJu6mWTCxhjr-PRM_CUhfzvi1vLfim05wV6Z1UTDGz1GjTOfJWKbS0/s400/ottoman_empire_asia_1792.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Map of Ottoman Empire, circa 1792</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The crop began arriving in Smyrna toward the end of July or the first of August and continued until the following spring. </span>[<i>See a letter from</i> Thomas H. Perkins to John P. Cushing, January 15, 1825, <a href="http://www.masshist.org/findingaids/doc.cfm?fa=fa0322" target="_blank">Samuel Cabot Collection</a>, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Merchants resident at Smyrna purchased the raw opium for shipment overseas, most importantly to the Orient, though one-quarter to one-half seems generally to have gone to Europe and elsewhere.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In the early days of this commerce most Americans employed the good offices of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1igKAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PP1" target="_blank">British Levant Company</a>, since it was customary to use "the flag and the protection" of a nation which had a trade agreement with the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=jFE2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA106" target="_blank">Sublime Porte</a>.</span> [fn. - The United States had no formal agreement with the Porte until the Rhind Treaty of 1830. For further information, see Samuel Eliot Morison, "Forcing the Dardanelles in 1810," <i>New England Quarterly</i>, I (April, 1928), 208-225.] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For this service, they paid "a light <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=jFE2AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA1-PA106" target="_blank">consulage and dragomange</a> duty, roughly about one per cent on the value of goods imported and exported." Although the British Consul-General in Constantinople reported as late as 1809 that Americans still preferred to consign their goods to the Levant Company, the trading pattern soon began to change.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As early as the late 1790's, American vessels were calling at Smyrna but it was not until 1804 that Philadelphia and Baltimore ships began the trade in earnest.</span> [<i>See</i> Charles C. Stelle, "American Opium Trade to China prior to 1820," <i>Pacific Historical Review</i>, IX (Dec., 1940), 430-431. See also letter from R. Wilkinson to James Madison, January 15, 1806, U.S. Department of State, <i>Despatches from Consuls in Smyrna</i>, I, National Archives, Washington, D.C.] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Probably the first figures of any consequence in the American drug trade from Smyrna to China were <a href="http://gajs.com/kristina/onlinecatalogautumn2006jqadams.htm" target="_blank">James and Benjamin C. Wilcocks</a>. The former arrived in Smyrna in 1804 as supercargo of the brig Pennsylvania. They cleared for Batavia, but both were in China by the following October. Benjamin remained, but James appears to have gone home with the ship, to return via Smyrna on the <i>Sylph</i> the following year with more opium.</span> [Note: The Wilcockses sailed for their kinsmen, William Waln and R. H. Wilcocks of Philadelphia, who continued to send ships to Canton consigned to the brothers. <i>See letter from</i> Wilkinson to Madison, January 15, 1806; <i>Despatches from Consuls in Smyrna</i>. Benjamin Wilcocks remained in Canton until 1807 or 1808. He then returned home and established a business in Philadelphia but "was obliged to return . . . in 1811." <i>See letter from</i> John R. Latimer to Mary R. Latimer, March 30, 1830, <a href="http://findingaid.winterthur.org/html/col235.html" target="_blank">John R. Latimer Papers</a>, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.]</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Apparently the commerce paid, for several other American China merchants immediately showed an interest. Willings & Francis sent opium aboard the <i>Bingham</i> in the spring of 1805,</span> [<i>See letters</i> from the supercargo, William Read, in the <a href="http://discover.hsp.org/Record/hsp.ead.at01-1874" target="_blank">Willings & Francis Collection</a>, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The brig <i>Eutaw</i>, Captain Christopher Gantt, of Baltimore was in Smyrna from July to November, 1805, and then sailed for Canton with 26 chests and 53 boxes of opium aboard, and in January of the following year, Stephen Girard seems to have become excited by the possibilities of the trade. He wrote two of his supercargoes in the Mediterranean:</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"I am very much in favor of investing heavily in opium. While the war lasts, opium will support a good price in China .... "</span> [<i>See letter from</i> Girard to Mahlon Hutchinson, Jr., & Myles McLeveen, January 2, 1805, <a href="http://www.amphilsoc.org/mole/view?docId=ead/Mss.xxxx-ead.xml" target="_blank">Stephen Girard Papers</a>, Girard College Library, Philadelphia, Pa. on microfilm at the American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia.]</span></blockquote>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/08/from-oyster-bed-to-walrus-in-one-fell.html" target="_blank">James & Thomas H. Perkins</a> of Boston, who had relatives in Smyrna, had inquired of their nephew at Canton as to the market for Turkish opium in China. </span>[Note: Extracts from two letters from J. & T. H. Perkins to John P. Cushing June 19, September 23, 1805, quoted in J[ames] E[lliott] C[abot], "Extracts from the Letterbooks of J. & T. H. Perkins..." (<i>See</i> typewritten Manuscript, Massachusetts Historical Society, n.d.] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">John Cushing <span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">[See <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qzxy3pejsdoC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=Ephraim+Bumstead&source=bl&ots=1LPuAhhLAS&sig=CATpI5J6eiZbG_mGGN4GuWQJLS4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Cm4SUuesL8GX2QXxhoDgDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Ephraim%20Bumstead&f=false" target="_blank"><i>Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders</i></a> by John N. Ingham]</span> had gone to Canton as clerk to Ephraim Bumstead, a former apprentice in the Perkins house. Bumstead fell ill and died, and Cushing, age 16, took over. When he came of age, he was made a partner in the firm, Perkins & Company, which he had organized and run since his arrival. He proved to be a merchant of rare ability and amassed a fortune of nearly one million dollars before he finally sailed for home in 1831.</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Others soon joined them, and the first of a series of "opium rushes" was reported at Smyrna by Girard's disappointed agents.</span> [<i>See letter from</i> Mahlon Hutchinson, Jr., & Myles McLeveen to Girard, March 30, 1806, Girard Papers.] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In 1807, another Philadelphian, George Blight, reported from China that while opium "at times paid very well," it had "disappointed many the past season" because the trade had been far overdone.</span> [<i>See letter from</i> Blight to Girard, March 4, November 21, 1807, Girard Papers.]</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivQ6QNYFqwvxDW24j5wJyuO3v2Y_4RQiKJGvexcnqsphqOhhmMzckYTHqeUXAtEO0hm6W7rkMyZHRt-WfOEMHScChQtZ9Vz8gqbVl5D3ApPU4_kyv1THsRxzUutgnNbJ_yXdMLkx11LBc/s1600/specie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivQ6QNYFqwvxDW24j5wJyuO3v2Y_4RQiKJGvexcnqsphqOhhmMzckYTHqeUXAtEO0hm6W7rkMyZHRt-WfOEMHScChQtZ9Vz8gqbVl5D3ApPU4_kyv1THsRxzUutgnNbJ_yXdMLkx11LBc/s200/specie.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Opium As a Specie Substitute </span></b></i></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Here was a pattern which was typical in the American China trade. Precisely the same configuration had appeared in the commerce in ginseng, sealskins, sandalwood, and just about every other <i>specie-substitute</i> American merchants discovered. The first ships would make a killing, the scent of which would draw others into the trade until the market was saturated, and the trade ceased to pay. Thereafter, periodic gluts would occur until the supply became exhausted (as with sandalwood and fur) or until a few of the stronger firms established some sort of loose organization of the market. In the Turkish opium trade, the organizers were Perkins & Company and its allied concerns in Boston.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b>America's War on Drugs</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">What we had begun to see by 1968 was a phony war against drugs. We were being told that marijuana was a gateway drug, not only highly addictive, but which would lead to even worse opiate addictions--primarily heroin. A war was necessary. Not only should all these narcotics be "controlled," but anyone who used or possessed them should be prosecuted as criminals. I was rebellious only in mind and spirit but quite conservative where behavior was concerned. I avoided all drugs, including tobacco, and had never even tasted beer or wine until after graduating college in 1970.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">I lived and operated within a strange world of half-life, where I did what a good girl would do, while at the same time held those who would try to control my beliefs or actions in total and utter contempt. I knew in my gut that Lee Harvey Oswald, for example, had not killed President Kennedy, that Sirhan Sirhan was also a mind-controlled patsy, and that there was something much bigger and uglier than James Earl Ray who was responsible for killing Martin Luther King. I could not explain how I knew, but I did.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">I had completed law school by 1975, while maintaining a deprecatory opinion of lawyers and a fear of being co-opted if hired by a firm of them. I shunned the adversary system which I saw as a sham that required sophistry of the highest register. I refused to argue on behalf of or support people or principles with which I disagreed. Thus I eventually found a niche within the land title and abstract industry, which seemed so close to my love of history. In time, I prospered, grew ever confident within myself, and began to meet others who shared my point of view--thanks, of course, to the internet.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">It was only after meeting such folks as Kris Millegan and Catherine Austin Fitts, hearing their stories, reading and researching with them in the mid-1990's, that I was able to free the restraints that kept me from changing my position in the cave. Only with their helpful insight did I begin to look at reality head on. I can never thank them enough for allowing me to step into the world of truth where we now reside together.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">We had started to realize by that time that the drug war was being fought to benefit a secret intelligence group who wanted to eliminate their competition and thus effectively create a price support floor under the commodity which paid for America's "national security" infrastructure.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">So many of our research community referred to this phenomenon as "CIA Drugs," but I knew it began much earlier than the year 1947, when the CIA was born. Little did I know that Professor Downs had already discovered in 1968 that elements within our government had conceived of this use of opium as a substitute specie as being in the "national interest," or national <i>security</i> interest as it became to be called, and that conception would have ever more disastrous implications for us and our world.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-17171156584668604342013-08-16T17:07:00.000-05:002018-01-17T10:10:59.743-06:00From Oyster Bed to Walrus in One Fell Swoop<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5GA672c_mLRF99zi7ZNJrrTEUSrH4Orx9OeHQxtkFjPCt8OuPugEeWirTVubcCWtEnFirct29c-HmS8JNHiR5JxEER1zcBJIOJUHporuIUWddFdOMY3uBAdJXz1AiOTBXqmuiWAMcdR4/s1600/Disraeli.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5GA672c_mLRF99zi7ZNJrrTEUSrH4Orx9OeHQxtkFjPCt8OuPugEeWirTVubcCWtEnFirct29c-HmS8JNHiR5JxEER1zcBJIOJUHporuIUWddFdOMY3uBAdJXz1AiOTBXqmuiWAMcdR4/s1600/Disraeli.jpg" /></a></div>
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In "<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/08/seeing-world-whole.html">Seeing the World Whole</a>," I tried to emphasize what two English men, prime minister Disraeli in 1844 and Lewis Carroll in 1871, had discovered about the world in which they lived, during the same era in which the Forbes family came to prominence in the early years of self-government in the United States. We live simultaneously within alternative universes. THE WORLD IS NOT AS IT SEEMS.</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Hedging Bets</b></i></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzApWKTPfkxMVk3wGwNKbduvzO5cYe9cD-m-YyfCZ47tkgCszRtheEsFyrhs36ZxM7rPVX1IOIjb9ciT1WEW4wExwaCN_k66wCg7AMJEgbzkG-5G8BLUNpXtipm1EbfLOIUZUATKBZMmw/s1600/Leap-No-Leap-1814.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzApWKTPfkxMVk3wGwNKbduvzO5cYe9cD-m-YyfCZ47tkgCszRtheEsFyrhs36ZxM7rPVX1IOIjb9ciT1WEW4wExwaCN_k66wCg7AMJEgbzkG-5G8BLUNpXtipm1EbfLOIUZUATKBZMmw/s320/Leap-No-Leap-1814.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hartford Convention or <a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/arthistory/1/0/3/A/1/14-William-Charles-The-Hartford-Convention-Leap-No-Leap-1814.jpg" target="_blank">LEAP NO LEAP</a>, ca. 1814</td></tr>
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As we ended the previous <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/08/seeing-world-whole.html">segment</a> in 1776, we were struck by the number of colonists, such as James Murray, who bet all they had on the wrong side. Loyal to the British Crown to the end, Murray went with others who opposed the revolution to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and forfeited all his interest in properties he owned within the newly declared nation.<br />
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His sister and two daughters, nevertheless, remained behind in Massachusetts and fought to retain title to the land and businesses they had worked for. The collected letters of <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F10C12FC3B5A16738DDDA00994DC405B828CF1D3">James Murray, Loyalist</a>, published in 1902, tell us that his these women were near Cambridge when they heard the guns from the battle at nearby <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill">Bunker Hill</a>, and they fled from the Inman estate, taken over by patriot general, Israel Putnam, for <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg">his camp</a>. They ended up at the Brush Hill mansion near Milton. Scroll down to the map inset below for these locations.<br />
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Murray's sister, Elizabeth Inman, remained in Massachusetts throughout the war and until her death in 1785. The property of Ralph Inman in Cambridge, though confiscated for a time, was <a href="http://cambridgehistory.org/discover/Cambridge-Revolution/Inman%20House.html">returned</a> to his family, all Tories as well, and sold in 1792; it is now part of the community northeast of Harvard. Elizabeth somehow reconciled with the old curmudgeon, and he <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ckIVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA176">survived her</a> by three years, though his <a href="http://www.csulb.edu/projects/elizabethmurray/MurrayFinal/primarylg/EM_to_Polly_26_6_1785p2lrg.jpg">avarice and envy</a> continued even as his wife lay dying. Dolly Forbes was present to witness this, while her sons were coming to adulthood. <br />
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Unlike her father and husband, Dolly was a realist who was able to cast aside any preference for British rule from a distance and take her chances with the new self-government. She did so completely alone, after her father's evacuation in 1776, her husband's departure in 1783, and her beloved aunt's death in 1785, living on her own there in Boston and its surrounding communities of Milton and Cambridge until her own death in 1811.<br />
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John Forbes, you may recall, had spent his adult years in East Florida while it, too, was British-owned, and <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/John-Forbes-%28clergyman%29">we are told</a> by E.L. Pennington in an article in "Florida History Quarterly," VIII, 164-68, January 1930 that he had:<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;">received his education at King's College in old Aberdeen, where he passed through the ordinary course of Greek, mathematics, and philosophy, and attended lectures in divinity. The University of Aberdeen conferred on him the degree of M.A. in the spring of 1763, and he was then recommended to the bishops of the Church of England for ordination to the ministry.... In 1783, after nearly twenty years in the
province, he returned to England on leave of absence, in bad health. He
died in England, September 17, 1783,
leaving a widow [Dolly] and three sons:</span></span></span> </blockquote>
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<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;">James Grant Forbes (1769-1826), </span></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;">John Murray Forbes (1771-1831), and </span></span></span></li>
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<ul><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;">
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<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;">Ralph Bennet Forbes (1773-1824). </span></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>It's Whom You Know...</b></i></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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The first Forbes son, James, took his ill father back to Scotland in 1783, and remained to be educated (see footnote in <a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924032743977#page/n335/mode/2up">link</a>) before pursuing the same career as his grandfather and many of his Murray relatives had chosen--trade in the West Indies--as he attempted to recoup his father's land at St. Augustine, East Florida, which had been part of that ceded to Spain in 1783. Some have called the term "West India trade" to be a mere euphemism for the <a href="http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/slave_trade_world_map_4_1701_1800.htm">slave trade</a>, but by any definition, the region of <a href="http://articles.courant.com/2002-09-29/news/0209263094_1_slave-plantations-slavery-dozen-slaves/4">Santo Domingo (today's Haiti)</a>. where they lived for a time was the center in the Caribbean islands for the triangular trade that did include slaves as one of its legs. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSK97ZE0CtRoGysJU3dRht_8ngaR7qlldE7OR7Hhtq-4rHj3coIy2b3UacaaPLCIdaOynstKvzj1dOua9H8nhMLNQd4WHDl0gm6FhCYi9djR1V7AISn91YMvzJarniXisRZHJD7OvkHhA/s1600/triangle_trade_thumb.1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSK97ZE0CtRoGysJU3dRht_8ngaR7qlldE7OR7Hhtq-4rHj3coIy2b3UacaaPLCIdaOynstKvzj1dOua9H8nhMLNQd4WHDl0gm6FhCYi9djR1V7AISn91YMvzJarniXisRZHJD7OvkHhA/s400/triangle_trade_thumb.1.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Santo Domingo in the West Indies</span></span></td></tr>
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John Murray "Jack" Forbes, Dolly's second son, entered Harvard that year at the age of only 15; in 1787, he graduated in the same class with future U.S. President, John Quincy Adams (hereafter J.Q.). Still operating under the articles of confederation, the new country had not yet adopted the current Constitution. J.Q.'s father, John Adams, a diplomat as well as vice president in George Washington's administration before he himself was elected the second U.S. President in 1796, worked hard to see the new country succeed, despite all attempts from opponents to ensure its collapse.<br />
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Four years older and <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA344">more mature</a> than his younger classmate, J.Q. on occasion dined at the Forbes home in Boston. James had returned from Scotland by then, as the two brothers are mentioned in the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA292">diary J.Q. kept</a>. Selected excerpts from that diary indicate that most of J.Q.'s youth had been <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA295">spent abroad</a> with his father, both of whom were born in Braintree, later called Quincy, Massachusetts. A <a href="http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/colonies/massachusetts.htm">map of the colony</a>, showing the area reveals how closely woven the Adams family's roots were with those of the Murray and Forbes haunts, labeled for convenience below.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWJ3F-18Fu7RxyvD8GqjjJdeTfKshrk64PU_ncRN7dN_eD6VY_oqCBstHd3RXVj7sIKyF2lhs4TuZkMLpjKTNkrK7IJivqZepm3s6QNoroJyE3iQtL2dxgy8WE6npvL4qfPTXSlm27HQc/s1600/Massachusetts_map+labels2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWJ3F-18Fu7RxyvD8GqjjJdeTfKshrk64PU_ncRN7dN_eD6VY_oqCBstHd3RXVj7sIKyF2lhs4TuZkMLpjKTNkrK7IJivqZepm3s6QNoroJyE3iQtL2dxgy8WE6npvL4qfPTXSlm27HQc/s400/Massachusetts_map+labels2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to enlarge.</td></tr>
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Showing the closeness of Forbes and Adams is the following whimsical verse they wrote together during their last year at Harvard. It first appeared in print in the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=TitYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA343">Harvard Graduates' Magazine</a> in 1917:<br />
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUMuTsLi2sSiL1csGjGvhcVMXi4vEWc_3csz7urnwqgBOe3z3x2lU9HYhy3kst5-UyerBH4k01U-vCbPUJM8Toq74r_2nQQeqfyMUxI8D5rZmHmN2lzq06U56jYpUzzIm2UKzZ05qEU0E/s1600/Adams_Forbes_poem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUMuTsLi2sSiL1csGjGvhcVMXi4vEWc_3csz7urnwqgBOe3z3x2lU9HYhy3kst5-UyerBH4k01U-vCbPUJM8Toq74r_2nQQeqfyMUxI8D5rZmHmN2lzq06U56jYpUzzIm2UKzZ05qEU0E/s640/Adams_Forbes_poem.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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J.Q.'s diary relates that, after Harvard, he <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA292">studied law</a> under Theophilus Parsons (author of pamphlet, <a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/aja2081.0001.001/55?rgn=full+text;view=image;q1=essex">The Essex Result</a>) in Newburyport before setting up a law practice in Boston in 1790. During this time, in the fall of 1788, J.Q.'s health suffered, and he found himself somewhat dependent upon opiates for sleep, the diary <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA292">revealed</a>, but whether the dependence continued we do not know.<br />
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10">Of Consuls, </span></b></i></span></span></span></span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10">Spies and Sealing Wax</span></b></i></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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Dolly Forbes' son Jack also began the study of law at the same time, but under different men and locations in Massachusetts--in Lancaster under John Sprague and in Brookfield under Pliny Merrick. Intriguingly, however, he began a nonexistent practice in 1794 with <a href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/ma/middlesex/directories/NecrologyHarvardCollege.txt">Charles Porter Phelps</a> (Harvard 1791), who married Theophilus Parsons' niece in 1800; after her death in 1817, he married Parsons' 27-year-old daughter, Charlotte in 1820. Phelps, like J.Q., studied law under Theophilus Parsons in Newburyport, but a few years later. The same year Phelps moved to Boston to begin his law practice, coincidentally, was the only year Forbes claimed to have been in practice, and it was the same year J.Q. Adams was named Minister to the The Hague, Netherlands by President George Washington. <br />
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Jack Forbes, really only a boy when they first met at Harvard, was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA344">described by Adams</a> in an almost intimate March 1787 entry in his diary, shown in the inset below:<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj09aBTcyW02sJIDQg5qkuxRPfMGsSlsEGYWlFovkC3Tw4v8gFDsdoRgnXtnctG9PgUXjFceyb3GOI2M0eKpBi7WhKRbflvmwo5RzRfDC-xwbGFdno3eeIa-gm7PObN-2McvWcWG7LEejU/s1600/Jack+Forbes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj09aBTcyW02sJIDQg5qkuxRPfMGsSlsEGYWlFovkC3Tw4v8gFDsdoRgnXtnctG9PgUXjFceyb3GOI2M0eKpBi7WhKRbflvmwo5RzRfDC-xwbGFdno3eeIa-gm7PObN-2McvWcWG7LEejU/s400/Jack+Forbes.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Quincy Adams' description of John Bennet "Jack" Forbes I</td></tr>
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J.Q.'s reference to Jack's older brother, James Grant Forbes, supplemented by footnote 3 which begins at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA343">page 343</a>, gives sufficient <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9017405044201034132#editor/target=post;postID=1717115658466860434;onPublishedMenu=overview;onClosedMenu=overview;postNum=0;src=postname">details</a> about Dolly's eldest son to discern that he was a soldier during the war of 1812, both under Gen. Andrew Jackson and under Gregor MacGregor, where he served as a spy for Secretary of State Adams in 1818 and subsequently.<br />
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During this same time the spy's younger brother Jack was serving in the new diplomatic corps being created for the United States by their friend J.Q., <a href="http://millercenter.org/president/jqadams/essays/biography/1">Secretary of State</a> for President Monroe. About John Murray Forbes, footnote 2, which begins at page 343, in J.Q.'s diary states:<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpPoTp2PSUejOwnO1-wl2C8JdqnX8Y7F8WQtRMAyacOuciFTdm_XTPeaOaRPvLXWZ9agign0TpIJoLDBcgVSAL6H_HH9QSpu-4noLqr9R50yTj0FxSzqqVmdY17PMnrqT_SQRspslcnTg/s1600/John+M+Forbes+I.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpPoTp2PSUejOwnO1-wl2C8JdqnX8Y7F8WQtRMAyacOuciFTdm_XTPeaOaRPvLXWZ9agign0TpIJoLDBcgVSAL6H_HH9QSpu-4noLqr9R50yTj0FxSzqqVmdY17PMnrqT_SQRspslcnTg/s400/John+M+Forbes+I.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA344" target="_blank">J.Q. Adams' diaries</a> about <span style="color: black;">John Murray Forbes (1771-1831) </span></td></tr>
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</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Commercial Agent for U.S. Gov't?</b></i></span><br />
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One month before leaving office in 1801, Pres. John Adams included as part of his "<a href="http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-33-02-0135">midnight appointments</a>" a place for Jack as commercial agent in Le Havre. </div>
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Although confirmed by the Senate, the papers were not delivered to him before Thomas Jefferson's inauguration, and Jefferson, suspecting these appointees would not be loyal to him, named his own man for the post.</div>
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It took some lobbying before he agreed to name Forbes as <a href="http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-36-02-0399">consul in Hamburg</a>--"a Situation of the highest Commercial importance and responsibility," as Jack Forbes termed it in a thank-you letter to the new President in 1802. </div>
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At this consulate, Jack soon began to operate a "commercial partnership" with younger brother, Ralph Bennet Forbes, now at loose ends after the slave rebellion in Santo Domingo ended his prospects there. (The <a href="http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/viewtext/2573358?op=t&n=2389">papers</a> from Jack's days as U.S. Consul at Hamburg and Copenhagen, 1801-19, and U.S. Agent at Buenos Aires, 1819-31 are deposited at the Baker Library at Harvard.)<br />
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In a <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/12/control-by-hidden-hand.html">previously published version</a> of this research it was stated:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">The youngest son, Ralph Bennet Forbes, who learned the shipping business as an apprentice to his uncle, John Murray, in Virginia, made his first journey to the Bordeaux wine region of France in 1795 with a shipload of rice and tobacco, which he traded for brandy, a product which his ship then transported to Hamburg, the center of the old Hanseatic merchant associations, before making the return voyage, possibly loaded with salt and other commodities from that port. In this triangular fashion he spent much of his life, at times making his home in France, where two of his three sons were born. He was one member of a large family of adventuring merchants who had traveled the world in such fashion for many generations. [See <a href="http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/albert-kendall-teele/the-history-of-milton-mass-1640-to-1877-lee/page-58-the-history-of-milton-mass-1640-to-1877-lee.shtml">The History of Milton, Mass</a>.: 1640 to 1887 written by Rev. Albert Kendall Teele, (Boston: Press of Rockwell & Churchill), 1887, which mentions John B. Murray of Alexandria, Va., stating that Ralph was apprenticed to him in 1787, but it did not identify Murray as Ralph's uncle; that was an incorrect assumption on my part at the time of writing.] </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10">Of Slaves and Drugs and Sailing Ships</span></b></i></span><br />
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Ralph was in fact an apprentice to Dolly Forbes' first cousin, <a href="http://murraysmithgenealogypage.bravehost.com/MURR.HTM">John Boyles Murray</a>, whose father was Dr. John Murray, her uncle, a physician in Norwich, England. All of the Murrays seem to have been trained for trade with the West Indies, probably the British island of Jamaica, as well as British colonies in America before the revolution. James Murray had chosen to settle in North Carolina where many Scots were situated. At the end of Ralph's training period in 1791, he went to Port-au-Prince, St. Domingo now (Haiti) where his eldest brother, James Grant Forbes, was then engaged in the trade, most likely as an employee of James and Thomas Handasyd Perkins.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGaBSLrfCMAJuSEgBjKPo9U_MVw8o9FvQhX3cLwIqr0snEhPVlz6UG62QTOS0mTjtscnfeAV_5C73I3DzRYjvSb3IK_G6Fkr5jfvniOgCwyGED0pwbKM0dSrfzN-2meNzYn7x7RR3fKEI/s1600/slaves.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGaBSLrfCMAJuSEgBjKPo9U_MVw8o9FvQhX3cLwIqr0snEhPVlz6UG62QTOS0mTjtscnfeAV_5C73I3DzRYjvSb3IK_G6Fkr5jfvniOgCwyGED0pwbKM0dSrfzN-2meNzYn7x7RR3fKEI/s200/slaves.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Slave revolts begin in 1792.</td></tr>
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Thomas Handasyd Perkins was slightly older than James and had decided at a young age to be a merchant servicing as apprentice to the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QKwpAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA8">Shattucks</a> in Boston until 1785, at which time he and his brothers entered into trade together between Santo Domingo and New England. That trade consisted of acquiring slaves from Africa with rum and iron taken there from New England. Their ships would then leave the West Indies with raw sugar and molasses produced by slave labor and delivered to New England to make rum.<br />
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The marriages that occurred in the Perkins family reveal much about the business climate in eastern Massachusetts at that time. This is the family into which the youngest Forbes son would marry in 1799. His wife's older siblings and their spouses welcomed him into their homes and took him into business with them. Together they would be numbered among the wealthiest families in the entire state.<br />
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Children of James and Elizabeth (Peck) Perkins:</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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</span>
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<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Elizabeth in 1773 married <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Sturgis_%281750%E2%80%931826%29" target="_blank">Russell Sturgis</a>;</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">James Perkins, Jr. in 1786 married Sarah Paine, daughter of <a href="http://college.holycross.edu/projects/worcester/growth/paine_house.htm" target="_blank">Timothy Paine</a>, a Tory-sympathizing judge, forced to publicly recant his views and resign his judgeship;</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thomas H. Perkins in 1788 married Sarah Elliott, daughter of <a href="http://www.hemlockgorge.org/FHG_Makers_of_the_Mold/MakersBiographies.htm#ElliotPerkins" target="_blank">Simon Elliott</a>, a tobacco merchant in Boston, from whom they inherited some valuable mill property;</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="color: #783f04;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://www.smokershistory.com/Perkins.html" target="_blank">Samuel Gardner Perkins</a> in 1795 married <a href="http://www.our-ancestors.info/getperson.php?personID=I4578&tree=1" target="_blank">Barbara Higginson</a>, daughter of <a href="http://www.geni.com/people/Stephen-Higginson/6000000003076377786" target="_blank">Stephen Higginson</a> of Salem, Mass.;</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #783f04;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ann Maynard Perkins in 1785 married Captain Robert Cushing, and their son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Perkins_Cushing" target="_blank">John Perkins Cushing</a> was taken into Thomas Perkins' home upon Ann's death. </span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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</blockquote>
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James and Ralph Forbes remained in Haiti only until about 1795. The slave insurrections devastated any investments they may have made, as well as those of Ralph's in-laws, the Perkins family. <span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqy2JHUIW2t2YWKf6qNaC73bKckMXHuhNalkKGnj-M6MSosozRJyAdlaRFaOIlk0ryMD_wOBeSmIaIXbZ1F7CJkNg1yws4NqLym9i1Pz1gUInCsjSHsYX3qtpxRqcyDELe9iOtPJV4ZbY/s1600/Ralph+bio.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqy2JHUIW2t2YWKf6qNaC73bKckMXHuhNalkKGnj-M6MSosozRJyAdlaRFaOIlk0ryMD_wOBeSmIaIXbZ1F7CJkNg1yws4NqLym9i1Pz1gUInCsjSHsYX3qtpxRqcyDELe9iOtPJV4ZbY/s400/Ralph+bio.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">See <a href="http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/albert-kendall-teele/the-history-of-milton-mass-1640-to-1877-lee/page-58-the-history-of-milton-mass-1640-to-1877-lee.shtml" target="_blank">ebook segment</a> and footnote below*</td></tr>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>*(See page 568, in The History of Milton). At one time a firm of distillers called "Loring and Snelling" of which <a href="http://plymouthcolony.net/hingham/history/book4/3033.html">Caleb Loring</a> of Hingham, Massachusetts, was a partner, owned a ship called Rising States; it was seized by the British during the war. Whether or not it was the same ship, one with the same name is <a href="http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/100539.pdf">mentioned</a> in "Papers of the American Slave Trade." The Perkins family had also started their West Indies trade after starting life in Hingham. </i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Time to Speak of Commerce, of Cabbages and Kings</b></i></span><br />
<br />
What we learn from reading the diaries of various officials in the new U.S. government is that the consular appointments seemed to be rewards granted to men willing to engage in their own commercial business abroad and in turn send intelligence back to the President and his cabinet officials. To illustrate this point, read the biography of <a href="http://www.masshist.org/findingaids/doc.cfm?fa=fa0343">James Murray Robbins</a>, son of Dolly Forbes' sister Elizabeth. Robbins was born and reared in Milton and actually moved into the Brush Hill mansion in 1805, where the Forbes girls had lived with their aunt before the revolution. The details were filled in by the Appendix to the Letters of James Murray, Loyalist (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924032743977#page/n363/mode/2up/search/robbins">p. 310</a>):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">James Murray Robbins ... was born June 30,
1796, in the old Gooch house on Milton Hill. When he was
nine years old his father removed from Milton Hill to Brush
Hill, within the same town, making his residence in the Smith
house, which had become the property of his wife; and here,
eighty years later, the son died. He received his school education at the Milton Academy, which his father [Edward Hutchison Robbins] had been largely
instrumental in founding, and of whose board of trustees the
father and son filled the office of president for seventy-six
years. At the age of fifteen [1811] he entered the counting-room of
the prominent Boston merchants, James and Thomas Handasyd
Perkins, and there acquired a thorough training in business
habits.
But the time was not propitious for commercial enterprise
or success; the widespread stagnation of business, consequent
upon the blockade maintained by the British fleet, and the
hardly less oppressive acts of our own government, seemed to
bar the way to entering upon the career of a merchant. In
1814 his cousin, John Murray Forbes, who was consul-general
at Hamburg, invited him to accept official employment at the
consulate; and it is not difficult to imagine how gladly the boy
of eighteen must have exchanged the round of dull and apathetic duty in the counting-room for the excitement of the
voyage and of foreign travel. </span></span></blockquote>
By 1811 Ralph had already been married to Margaret Perkins 12 years, and the brothers had given up trade in the West Indies for the East Indies, with China. In the meantime the young Robbins cousin went to Europe to replace Ralph Forbes. The editor of The Letters <a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924032743977#page/n363/mode/2up/search/robbins">reports</a> that President Monroe, through his secretary of state, Jack's old friend J.Q. Adams, called Forbes home and entrusted him with negotiations following Napoleon's defeat at the hands of the British, while the teenage Robbins was sent to <a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924032743977#page/n365/mode/2up/search/robbins">Elsinore</a> [Helsingor], Denmark, not far from Jack's 1813 post in <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ksMLAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA400">Copenhagen</a>. Was he merely there to keep his eyes and ears open and courier intelligence back? <br />
<br />
The United States, as the only republic then in existence, had been engaged in war with the British monarchy since 1812, philosophically assisted throughout by the French after their own revolution against King Louis began in 1787. (<a href="http://www.worldology.com/Europe/napoleonic_wars.htm">See timeline</a> and <a href="http://www.worldology.com/Europe/napoleonic_wars_imap.htm">interactive maps</a>.) The defeat of Napoleon in 1815 by an alliance between England and Prussia did not bode well for self-government. Did Jack Forbes laugh when the American officials trusted him with America's foreign affairs? Did President Monroe, the last Founding Father to serve as chief executive of the United States, know what was about to hit the fan? Did anyone understand at the time that the cost of such intelligence to the new nation was to allow those consular officials free reign in smuggling drugs?<br />
<br />
We can only wonder now if Jack Forbes was a serious patriot to American constitutional government or whether he was only looking out for his family's business interests. Did he smile at all the brave oyster-like young men who followed in his steps, believing in their own patriotism? Lewis Carroll would later describe such gullible patriots well in his poem of how the walrus and the carpenter tricked a few eager oysters into becoming lunch by merely inviting them for a walk.</div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">by Lewis Carroll </span></b></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrXxMvR-2lDomezBMLZd5rjBOKVW5WNk_DxewxhOj0CPNZID0BDmAEqVrvdHDFYhs_DZWOxX6tM92BHkHhrC36VNSTx3OVnGn-i_ZCpL345CwQw6UjiiV38JYG8x8c-0a0Yd8I6NG_hxM/s1600/Walrus-Carpenter-Church.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="695" data-original-width="1000" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrXxMvR-2lDomezBMLZd5rjBOKVW5WNk_DxewxhOj0CPNZID0BDmAEqVrvdHDFYhs_DZWOxX6tM92BHkHhrC36VNSTx3OVnGn-i_ZCpL345CwQw6UjiiV38JYG8x8c-0a0Yd8I6NG_hxM/s320/Walrus-Carpenter-Church.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">from <i>Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There</i>, 1872</span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.jabberwocky.com/carroll/walrus.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Walrus and the Carpenter</span></b></a></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The sun was shining on the sea,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Shining with all his might:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">He did his very best to make</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The billows smooth and bright--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And this was odd, because it was</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The middle of the night.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The moon was shining sulkily,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Because she thought the sun</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Had got no business to be there</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">After the day was done--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"It's very rude of him," she said,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"To come and spoil the fun!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"></span>
<br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The sea was wet as wet could be,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The sands were dry as dry.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">You could not see a cloud, because</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">No cloud was in the sky:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">No birds were flying overhead--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">There were no birds to fly.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The Walrus and the Carpenter</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Were walking close at hand;</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">They wept like anything to see</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Such quantities of sand:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"If this were only cleared away,"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">They said, "it would be grand!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"If seven maids with seven mops</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Swept it for half a year.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Do you suppose," the Walrus said,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"That they could get it clear?"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"I doubt it," said the Carpenter,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And shed a bitter tear.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"O Oysters, come and walk with us!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The Walrus did beseech.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"A pleasant walk, a pleasant talk,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Along the briny beach:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">We cannot do with more than four,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">To give a hand to each."</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The eldest Oyster looked at him,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">But never a word he said:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The eldest Oyster winked his eye,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And shook his heavy head--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Meaning to say he did not choose</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">To leave the oyster-bed.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">But four young Oysters hurried up,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">All eager for the treat:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Their coats were brushed, their faces washed,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Their shoes were clean and neat--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And this was odd, because, you know,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">They hadn't any feet.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Four other Oysters followed them,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And yet another four;</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And thick and fast they came at last,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And more, and more, and more--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">All hopping through the frothy waves,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And scrambling to the shore.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"></span>
<br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The Walrus and the Carpenter</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Walked on a mile or so,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And then they rested on a rock</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Conveniently low:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And all the little Oysters stood</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And waited in a row.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"The time has come," the Walrus said,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"To talk of many things:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Of shoes--and ships--and sealing-wax--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Of cabbages--and kings--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And why the sea is boiling hot--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And whether pigs have wings."</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"But wait a bit," the Oysters cried,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"Before we have our chat;</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">For some of us are out of breath,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And all of us are fat!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"No hurry!" said the Carpenter.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">They thanked him much for that.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"A loaf of bread," the Walrus said,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"Is what we chiefly need:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Pepper and vinegar besides</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Are very good indeed--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Now if you're ready, Oysters dear,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">We can begin to feed."</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"But not on us!" the Oysters cried,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Turning a little blue.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"After such kindness, that would be</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">A dismal thing to do!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"The night is fine," the Walrus said.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"Do you admire the view?</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"></span>
<br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"It was so kind of you to come!</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And you are very nice!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The Carpenter said nothing but</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"Cut us another slice:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">I wish you were not quite so deaf--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">I've had to ask you twice!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"It seems a shame," the Walrus said,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"To play them such a trick,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">After we've brought them out so far,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And made them trot so quick!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The Carpenter said nothing but</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"The butter's spread too thick!"</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"I weep for you," the Walrus said:</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"I deeply sympathize."</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">With sobs and tears he sorted out</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Those of the largest size,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Holding his pocket-handkerchief</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Before his streaming eyes.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"O Oysters," said the Carpenter,</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">"You've had a pleasant run!</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Shall we be trotting home again?'</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">But answer came there none--</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">And this was scarcely odd, because</span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">They'd eaten every one.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg91ccwB4yjJYACC6pQaJaFxNB8-jTSbieeeADYF22w6_K0YQd2fTdMlIop8x-XE9xxKaa6VKX01BtxP4St-dPTNmzIoqPBVIuKaPdoCHUjZ59PPrjTFwYYVG5qUU_u3OFlyo69txwYzQ0/s1600/crying.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="348" data-original-width="512" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg91ccwB4yjJYACC6pQaJaFxNB8-jTSbieeeADYF22w6_K0YQd2fTdMlIop8x-XE9xxKaa6VKX01BtxP4St-dPTNmzIoqPBVIuKaPdoCHUjZ59PPrjTFwYYVG5qUU_u3OFlyo69txwYzQ0/s320/crying.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Walrus wept as Carpenter ate the oysters.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>To Be Continued.... </b></i></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-87247768162144246612013-08-07T14:37:00.000-05:002013-08-07T15:07:53.632-05:00Seeing the World Whole<div align="justify">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">When I first began to write historical research articles about
financial subjects for Sanders Research Associates early in 2004, I was
quite intrigued by the fact that voters that November would have a
"choice" between two candidates for President, each of whom had been a
member of a secret society that had existed at Yale University since
1832. (<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Note: <i>Skull and Bones</i> has been discussed at this blog several
times. (Use the search engine provided to the right to locate that
previous research on this blog or click <i>Skull and Bones</i> in the labels list.</span>)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">What
are the odds in a "democracy" of almost half a billion people in the
United States, we end up with only two candidates, two years apart at
Yale, each chosen by the same secret society which adds only 15 new
members each year? What class of people is promoting these two men, I
wondered. Wouldn't any discerning voter with an ounce of curiosity have similar questions? As I have revised this original research almost a decade later for publication on this blog, I have finally begun to realize what class that was. It was the same class of ancestors Franklin Roosevelt was accused of betraying by his policies, as you will learn below, for, surprising to me, was the fact that Kerry and Roosevelt were hewn from the same cloth! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Indeed, the world is not what it seems. A decade ago, an
image arose in my mind of Lewis Carroll's Alice, perched upon a mantel, peering through a
mirror into what was not her reflection, but into a
totally different world--an alternative universe not recognized by most
people. <a href="http://www.dunwalke.com/catherine_austin_fitts.htm" target="_blank">Catherine Austin Fitts</a> referred to my attempt to merge the
two worlds into one as "seeing the world whole," refusing to accept
either world alone as reality. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">My research proposed to look behind is
the hagiographic biographies of our governing elites and delve instead into the source from which their wealth was derived. That is always my focus, much as Oliver Stone's movie version of <a href="http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/298571/All-The-President-s-Men-Movie-Clip-Follow-The-Money.html" target="_blank">Woodstein's fictionalized Watergate tale</a> reminded us: Forget the myth the media has created... Just follow the money!</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
This research was previously published at the website, <i>Minor Musings</i>, as part of a series styled "Election 2004: Can We Handle the Truth?" and titled "John Forbes Kerry: Globalists Through a Looking Glass." <br />
<br />
by LINDA MINOR © 2004 (Revised 2013)</div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066;">As
the 2004 election approaches, the American electorate nestles dreamily
in Wonderland, pondering what changes John Kerry might bring—unaware of
the heritage which brought him into being. Kerry’s roots lie, however,
in another world—a world that, once seen, destroys that <a href="http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/8164.Lewis_Carroll" target="_blank">“golden gleam” of childhood</a> and innocence. Once we pass, as Alice did, through a
looking glass, we will see another John Kerry, leading us into a maze,
each entrance of which opens into a path of mystery and intrigue. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG1F7H1Orj9Gc8XXiYImxg9P_MvFIyFNQw5KrjM97kgHrygFenPMcC292cKYk0rKdLf2oHuH3yXosCrWixE5OGTNrEGvA2tMaFd8IU8qqi5MkUA3aqifr187icEAbksq9ibioFLk93z48/s1600/alice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG1F7H1Orj9Gc8XXiYImxg9P_MvFIyFNQw5KrjM97kgHrygFenPMcC292cKYk0rKdLf2oHuH3yXosCrWixE5OGTNrEGvA2tMaFd8IU8qqi5MkUA3aqifr187icEAbksq9ibioFLk93z48/s200/alice.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alice, stepping through the mirror into a different world.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"></span></span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">In a Wonderland they lie, </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Dreaming as the days go by, </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Dreaming as the summers die: </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Ever drifting down the stream</span></span></span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066;">—</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Lingering in the golden gleam</span></span></span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066;">—</span></span> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Life, what is it but a dream?
</span></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> ―
Lewis Carroll,
</span></span></span><i><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Through the Looking Glass</span></span></span>
</i></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066;">On
this side of the looking glass, Kerry portrays a liberal, Democratic exterior,
though it is well known that he has been cultivated all his life by
persons of wealth. The maze of his heritage—through all its twists and
turns—reveals much more about how the world works than it tells us about
the man John Kerry would like to be. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuh2N08nj2xuzt0Pzz2tpTIhOv73G0RZ-r13oOV14pZ1rlnLx-zbJfsSrUYvFxfCjn5fDFqx1BEfe0mJ2KtY4-6SiU_uLvd4huSAVdVaelcmfDFSj8caqXFIZp6jrc2IdTM2bxi4MfPmU/s1600/maze2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuh2N08nj2xuzt0Pzz2tpTIhOv73G0RZ-r13oOV14pZ1rlnLx-zbJfsSrUYvFxfCjn5fDFqx1BEfe0mJ2KtY4-6SiU_uLvd4huSAVdVaelcmfDFSj8caqXFIZp6jrc2IdTM2bxi4MfPmU/s200/maze2.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maze of mystery</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066;">It
is apparent that he has already been chosen to replace George W. Bush. <i>
[From the author: Boy, was I wrong in my prediction!]</i> The world we will
see as we enter through the looking glass may help us understand <i>who</i>
made that choice. Step through the looking glass, into the maze, and see for yourself the world John Kerry was born into. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066;"></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b>John Kerry's Mother and her Roots</b></i></span> </div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkmAXPhOd3AZnQFR2_9NRZjRWHRA9zcRdHqTHYw6g4AzoriXpCX4rJRdys000L2rWSRT1oATu9bD2EDTKiJz_qECyxNpLfqjEbyXTuXvJ6oJT2HHQQT_aysCzFJGdmW8kFBG6WV-Zibjg/s1600/RosemaryForbesKerry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkmAXPhOd3AZnQFR2_9NRZjRWHRA9zcRdHqTHYw6g4AzoriXpCX4rJRdys000L2rWSRT1oATu9bD2EDTKiJz_qECyxNpLfqjEbyXTuXvJ6oJT2HHQQT_aysCzFJGdmW8kFBG6WV-Zibjg/s200/RosemaryForbesKerry.jpg" width="160" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rosemary Isabel Forbes Kerry</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">John
Kerry's mother, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Rosemary Isabel Forbes</span>, has a fascinating ancestry from both her Forbes and Murray roots from her father's side. She was born in Paris in 1913, and through some strange accident of fate, or
perhaps a lapse in parental supervision, would become the wife of Richard John
Kerry—grandson of a Jewish brewer who emigrated from Austria. Her husband's father worked in
Boston as a shoe merchant and committed s</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">uicide in 1</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">921.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> These were not the best ancestors a Forbes would hope for their son-in-law,
even though he was a graduate of Yale and of Harvard Law. </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">What is known about Kerry’s father has been disclosed in the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><i>Boston Globe</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10"> series of articles, particularly one published February 2, 2003, which can be read </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><a href="http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=51767" target="_blank">here</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10"> and </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/04/09/politics/main611071.shtml" target="_blank">here</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10">. Also see my additional Kerry research, "<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/12/very-different-personages.html" target="_blank">Very Different Personages</a>.")</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The first of Kerry’s Forbes ancestors bearing that name to arrive in America was </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Rev. John Forbes of Strathdon</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
Scotland, who, as</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> a young graduate from Aberdeen,</span> was appointed </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">in 1763 to be a j</span>udge in the British Admiralty at
St. Augustine, East Florida. That was the same year the Treaty of Paris, ending the <a href="http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/f/florbrit.htm" target="_blank">French and Indian War</a>, ceded the French territory in Florida to
England. Rev. Forbes, arrived a few months after the appointment, in <a href="http://www.drbronsontours.com/bronsonhistorypagebritish.html" target="_blank">1764</a>, with the colony’s newly
appointed governor—a Scotsman named Sir James Grant, who was allegedly related to Forbes’ mother. </span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqNXYD-0vdxnpoAeOvzgmZLDkaUDeWyxCLEDWbh4iiSe-GGQpueGqD5NsbjmDey5D75mynUmAb1W_IxsEdnhiH-CF6tAq1pDxzeY55kuuB_BMzRukPocvE_cXc13gxGyL0s0BSSxOSY34/s1600/Dolly+Murray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqNXYD-0vdxnpoAeOvzgmZLDkaUDeWyxCLEDWbh4iiSe-GGQpueGqD5NsbjmDey5D75mynUmAb1W_IxsEdnhiH-CF6tAq1pDxzeY55kuuB_BMzRukPocvE_cXc13gxGyL0s0BSSxOSY34/s200/Dolly+Murray.jpg" width="156" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dolly Murray Forbes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Only five years later</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Rev. Forbes would marry the daughter of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">James Murray, </span>another
Scotsman </span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">loyal to the British Crown, and h</span></span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">is wedding </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FhYXAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA344" target="_blank">Dorothy Murray</a> </span>was celebrated on the 300-acre </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Brush Hill estate in Milton, Massachusetts, which belonged to Dorothy's aunt, <a href="http://www.csulb.edu/projects/elizabethmurray/EM/emportrait.html" target="_blank">Elizabeth Murray Smith</a>. S</span>even years prior to the Declaration of
Independence, war against England already loomed on the horizon, and a revolution against the mother country to which the Murrays remained loyal, threatened all their hard work as well as the connections so important to the lifestyle they had achieved in America. </span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10">The Murrays</span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Dorothy's father was James Murray, who, as we learn from a book called </span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>The Loyalists of Massachusetts</i> by James H. Stark (<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39316/39316-h/39316-h.htm#Page_128" target="_blank">p. 255</a>):</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">settled at Wilmington, on the Cape Fear River, and purchased
a house in town and a plantation of 500 acres and Negro slaves.
He was also appointed collector of the Port, and in 1729 he was appointed
a member of the Board of Councillors. In 1737 Mr. Murray received
news of the death of his mother. This necessitated a journey to Scotland
to settle her estate. On returning he brought with him his younger
brother and his sister Elizabeth, not quite fourteen years of age. She
was installed as his housekeeper, and then began that affectionate intimacy
between them which was perhaps the most vital and enduring element
in the life of each. James Murray prospered as a planter and
merchant. He imported from England such goods as the colonists required
and in exchange sent to England naval stores, tar, pitch, and
turpentine.</span></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIDBCIRC2JVj79ElLz6UzOe7Dl0_v68NEb_6x8roo5Vfjk_rsAIlZQ5r8U0Mtlppca6HDZE3Qxaw5twA_SJqU4EylOHGsrsb0LPKiW233UCSLU-y8twA9OL3WPwy9qDfJsGwa43FmcaRg/s1600/JamesMurray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIDBCIRC2JVj79ElLz6UzOe7Dl0_v68NEb_6x8roo5Vfjk_rsAIlZQ5r8U0Mtlppca6HDZE3Qxaw5twA_SJqU4EylOHGsrsb0LPKiW233UCSLU-y8twA9OL3WPwy9qDfJsGwa43FmcaRg/s200/JamesMurray.jpg" width="171" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In 1744 he returned to Scotland with his sister Elizabeth, married
his cousin, Barbara Bennet, and remained in England and Scotland for
five years. On his return in 1749, accompanied by his wife and
daughter and his sister Elizabeth, their ship put into Boston, and he returned
alone to Wilmington, leaving his family in Boston, because, as
he wrote, "they had an opportunity of spending three of the most disagreeable
months of this climate in that poor Healthy Place, New England—their
health they owe to God's goodness, their poverty to their
own bad policy and to their Popular Government." His sister Elizabeth
remained in Boston and married Thomas Campbell, a Scotchman, merchant
and trader. Their married life was short, for the husband died
in a few years. </span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">William Stevens Powell, editor of the <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography.html?id=kDQ0DyvxjEAC" target="_blank"><i>Dictionary of North Carolina Biography</i></a>, wrote that in 1755 James Murray was deputy paymaster for British troops on the Ohio River during the French and Indian War under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Innes_%28North_Carolina%29" target="_blank">Col. James Innes</a>. In 1757, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Governor Dobbs made accusations that Murray had "<i>illegally issued unlimited private paper currency that was to be accepted by the colony in <a href="http://digital.lib.ecu.edu/historyfiction/fullview.aspx?id=hon" target="_blank">payment of quitrents</a></i>," </span></span></span></span>and he was temporarily suspended from his position on the Governor Dobbs' Privy Council. The allegation seems to be supported by the fact that he <a href="http://www.electricscotland.com/hiStory/lady/appendix8.htm" target="_blank">made use use of</a> a young cousin he brought from Scotland and <span style="font-size: small;">installed </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">to Murray's own advantage</span></span></span></span>, apparently with the help of "<a href="http://www.ncdcr.gov/Portals/7/Collateral/database/s12.becoming_nc.pdf" target="_blank">his political patron</a>," Governor Dobb's predecessor, Gabriel Johnston (who died in 1752) and Murray's relationship with <a href="http://www.electricscotland.com/history/lady/appendix7.htm" target="_blank">Colonel James Innes</a></span>: </span></span></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Murray provided a home for him [his cousin and </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.electricscotland.com/hiStory/lady/appendix8.htm" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;"> protégé</span></a>, John Rutherfurd] in his own house in Wilmington, and put
him to work in his store; where he learned to keep accounts and sell
goods. He does not seem to have enjoyed any educational advantages prior
to coming to America, but he was taught by his cousin, who was a fairly
educated man, and it was not very long before he began to get the
benefit of <i>Murray's influence with Governor Johnston and others in
authority</i>, and to be advanced to official position. He [Rutherfurd?] was appointed
Recorder of Quit Rents in 1750 and in 1756 was a member of the Council,
but having displeased Governor Dobbs by not agreeing with that
disputatious and obstinate old gentleman, was removed from the latter
position in 1757, and again restored to it by the Crown in 1763.</span> </span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">Sources: </span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">See<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="font-size: small;">Janet Schaw's</span> <a href="http://www.electricscotland.com/history/lady/index.htm" target="_blank"><i>Journal of a Lady of Quality</i></a>--full title: </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="font-size: small;"> "Journal by a Lady, of a Voyage from Scotland to the West Indies and
South Carolina, with an account of personal experiences during the War
of Independence, and a visit to Lisbon on her return 25 October
1774—December 1775," r</span>egarding Murray and Rutherfurd's closeness to James Innes. </span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">See footnote on page 22 of <a href="http://digital.lib.ecu.edu/historyfiction/fullview.aspx?id=hon" target="_blank"><i>A history of New Hanover County and the lower Cape Fear region: 1834-1912</i></a>, by Alfred M. Waddell, published 1909, with reference to Johnston's "most discreditable act" in appointing Murray to the Council; and at page 62 where Murray was described thus: </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">"as the editors of his letters say, 'although public spirited,
never a true American,' having been, from his arrival in the Province
until he left it and removed to Boston in 1765, an unwavering Loyalist." </span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><a href="http://digital.lib.ecu.edu/historyfiction/fullview.aspx?id=hon" target="_blank">Waddell</a> also relates at page 62, as to James Murray's property at Point Repose in N.C.: "</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">His property was all confiscated and sold by commissioners appointed for
the purpose in 1783, and the deed is recorded in New Hanover County.
It was all bought by his nephew, Gen. Thomas Clark, a gallant
Revolutionary officer, who was his largest creditor, and General Clark
took up his residence at Point Repose." He goes on to state at page 63: </span></span></span></span></span></span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Gen. Thomas Clark's father, Thos. Clark, Sr., married James Murray's
sister Barbara in 1737, and in 1741 was made Sheriff of New Hanover
County for two years, and was also appointed Collector of the Port of
Wilmington, in place of Samuel Woodward, deceased, by Dinwiddie,
Surveyor General of the colonies. He died in 1748 or 1749. His
son, Gen. Thos. Clark, was born about the middle of August, 1741, in
Wilmington. He was sent to England and there learned the watchmaker's
trade, which, on his return, he practiced for a time in Boston, but
abandoned it in 1767 and came back to the Cape Fear to take charge of
his uncle James Murray's estate, of which his elder brother James had
previously been manager. He seems to have been a favorite of his uncle
because of his unusual intellectual capacity.</span></span></blockquote>
</li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">See also the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=OK8RAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA456" target="_blank">Laws of North Carolina, 1782</a>, showing Point Repose was conveyed to Clark, to whom Murray was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=OK8RAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA457" target="_blank">indebted</a>.)</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">When Barbara Bennet Murray gave birth in 1756 in Wilmington to another daughter, they named her Elizabeth for </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">her aunt </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">(</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">variously called Betzy, Betzey or Betsey in Murray's <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA103" target="_blank">letters</a></span></span></span>), who had set up a shop in Boston </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">with
a supply of millinery and dry goods, which she restocked from English
sellers, but becoming increasingly wealthy with each successive marriage. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">In 1760 Elizabeth was remarried to a wealthy sugar refiner, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA108" target="_blank">James Smith</a> of Brush Hill near Milton. James Murray's wife had also died, leaving him unable to care for his daughters, whom he called Dolly and Betzey, and they were sent to Boston to live with their aunt. After their father remarried a widow named Mrs. Thompson in 1761, the Murrays began planning to <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA114" target="_blank">move to Boston</a>, awaiting only an </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">announcement from the Crown concerning </span></span></span></span>the lieutenant governor appointment, which Murray had a vague but unfulfilled hope of receiving</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.The post was </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">instead filled by William Tryon in 1765, </span></span></span></span>and the Murrays soon joined the rest of their family in Boston</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></span></span></span>. </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">James
Murray worked in the sugar refinery of John Smith, the second husband
of his sister, Elizabeth, and it was <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA152" target="_blank">Smith's retirement</a>
in 1765 that gave James the opportunity to move to Boston, even though he still
needed to see after numerous properties he owned in North Carolina. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">That
same year, however, protests against the Stamp Act resulted in an
inability to import raw sugar from the West Indies, and the business </span></span>suffered
until the act was repealed a year later. In the meantime, Murray had
entrusted his estates in North Carolina first into the care of his nephew,
John Inness Clark and later to his brother Thomas Clark. These lands would <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA156" target="_blank">be confiscated</a> by the new government after a hearing in 1778 and awarded to Thomas, as shown above. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Dolly met Rev. John Forbes who </span>must have visited</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Boston prior to their marriage in 1769, and he</span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> took his bride back to </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">the British colony of East Florida to her family's great chagrin.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">At that time Mrs. Smith (by then a widow once again) took her younger niece to England and Scotland to visit family, and she conveyed the Brush Hill estate she had inherited from Smith to her brother, James Murray, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA120" target="_blank">in trust</a> for her two nieces. While in Great Britain, she visited her brother, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA126" target="_blank">Dr. John Murray</a>, of Norwich and also went to her birthplace, Unthank and other parts of Scotland. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifXaWBSKKlWGBMnYxGWsr8hQTuX2EqNxjWmeDN2jfU4Ig5NSfBs73QxngXRKpFsYmQqqPW2Jbu7IW9uYIJizAEec_wbooq_mF6_OTVA0EpbkkjB9-wUdSU7eiQHB_4qrN3NOrCxyEupqo/s1600/1770+letter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifXaWBSKKlWGBMnYxGWsr8hQTuX2EqNxjWmeDN2jfU4Ig5NSfBs73QxngXRKpFsYmQqqPW2Jbu7IW9uYIJizAEec_wbooq_mF6_OTVA0EpbkkjB9-wUdSU7eiQHB_4qrN3NOrCxyEupqo/s320/1770+letter.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Murrays' fear of the American Revolutionaries</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">During the time there, she arranged for John's children, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA131" target="_blank">John and Mary</a> (later joined by their sister Anne), to travel to America, each with a stock of merchandise provided by her brother James, just as she had made her start years earlier. One letter she received from home in late 1770 makes clear the Murrays' sentiments concerning the upcoming revolution. (See the inset to the right.) In other letters, in addition to calling the patriots the "mob," Demons and similar epithets were used.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Elizabeth (variously spelled Betzy, Betzey or Betsey) Smith returned home in the summer of 1771 to look after the affairs of her Boston shop, and in September suddenly married a third wealthy but retired merchant, <a href="http://csulb.edu/projects/elizabethmurray/EM/ralphportrait.html" target="_blank">Ralph Inman</a>, of Cambridge.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Inman</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> had been the agent for <a href="http://www.famousamericans.net/sircharleshenryfrankland/" target="_blank">Sir Charles Henry Frankland</a></span></span></span>, collector of </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">the port of Boston since 1741, while </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Frankland's father had been governor of the East India company's factory in Bengal. </span></span></span>Being named baronet upon the death of an uncle in 1746,</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Sir Charles Frankland was able to purchase a large estate in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, west of Boston, and some time later bought the three-story Clarke mansion in North Boston.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgce11IskLMIuFs9Jg2VrJ2Yr6M6BB70vGXbW7PTq8wY_C-eid-XRui_sBHM-sl6-n16f5-gNS0T2dXyNlrxAWoETiBdAH-vr815D9GPFUw7NDWE1a3ucrkaCY2tAf-EtV68_avAks0Jws/s1600/mobs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgce11IskLMIuFs9Jg2VrJ2Yr6M6BB70vGXbW7PTq8wY_C-eid-XRui_sBHM-sl6-n16f5-gNS0T2dXyNlrxAWoETiBdAH-vr815D9GPFUw7NDWE1a3ucrkaCY2tAf-EtV68_avAks0Jws/s200/mobs.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39316/39316-h/39316-h.htm#Page_40" target="_blank"><span class="caption">STAMP COLLECTOR ATTACKED BY THE MOB</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Shortly after his sister's third marriage, James Murray was</span></span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, unsurprisingly,</span></span></span> appointed <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA180" target="_blank">inspector of the port</a> at Salem.</span></span> He then visited Dotty in East Florida, attempting to convince her to move
back to Boston's healthier climate. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The capital of St. Augustine was considered to be as unhealthy a climate
as the Cape Fear plantation, so Dolly was often found in Boston with one or
more of her three young sons, leaving her husband to fend for himself, according to their <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA146" target="_blank">correspondence</a> from that time. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It was a harried time for both Dolly and her aunt, residing respectively in Brush Hill and Inman's house in the Cambridge countryside<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> warding off the mob of demons, as they called those who protested the Stamp Act. James </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Murray and Inman were safe in Boston, writing letters back and forth to Elizabeth Inman and Dolly, who now had her three young sons with her, was attempting to keep all their household goods and crops out of the hands of marauding rebels. The letters between the Inmans evidence considerable misunderstanding between the couple, and Elizabeth was not above <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA216" target="_blank">intense sarcasm</a>, while pretending deference to her elderly spouse. Shortly after February 1776, Murray and Inman were <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SZx2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA237" target="_blank">evacuated</a> to Halifax by General William Howe and never saw the women and children again.</span></span> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">When Elizabeth Murray Smith inherited the Brush Hill estate in Milton from her second husband,
the sugar-baker, James Smith, she conveyed in trust for her two
beloved nieces, the daughters of James Murray:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Dorothy ("Dolly") Murray Forbes, wife of Rev. John Forbes</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Elizabeth ("Betsy") Murray Robbins, wife of <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=E2ZLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=%22Rev.+Nathaniel+Robbins%22+harvard&source=bl&ots=rK4fQL_v0O&sig=2ijzusrqniddy6STc84WzsRqQ1w&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KPH_Uf-LKaSuyQHl5oHwCw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Rev.%20Nathaniel%20Robbins%22%20harvard&f=false" target="_blank">Edward Hutchinson Robbins</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Edward Robbins' grandmother (<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=aohMAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA62" target="_blank">Lydia Foster Hutchinson</a>) was the sister of </span>Sarah Foster (Mrs. Thomas) Hutchinson, the last Royal Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, and his father was Rev. Nathaniel Robbins, pastor of the church in Milton, whose family went back several generations in Harvard's oversight. The Foster girls were daughters of John Foster, a partner with their husbands' father, Elisha Hutchinson, in a <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=vuC3DaZJ-ZMC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA539" target="_blank">salt monopoly</a> established in Boston in 1695.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZtKa0zf1i0SdjgEVhRNePXyNCqMVVEVhnTSCFqIvxhif1T4rJy7cz16v0rSkejLqPInnu2X_Oq7wXfDUOCbm2Fywk2vGLLJdWYKk-LPXnycPLL_YJkRQmjj4aaa9SFitZ2g04SNYeMDk/s1600/Catherine+Robbins.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZtKa0zf1i0SdjgEVhRNePXyNCqMVVEVhnTSCFqIvxhif1T4rJy7cz16v0rSkejLqPInnu2X_Oq7wXfDUOCbm2Fywk2vGLLJdWYKk-LPXnycPLL_YJkRQmjj4aaa9SFitZ2g04SNYeMDk/s1600/Catherine+Robbins.jpg" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;">Catherine Robbins Delano was Dolly Forbes' great-niece.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Edward H. Robbins, a lawyer and politician from the Harvard's class of 1775, and his wife were parents of </span></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">James Murray Robbins (1796-1885), who became a European partner of Dorothy Forbes' son John Murray Forbes, who would die in South American in 1831. He acquired the Brush Hill estate inherited from James Smith and conveyed in trust to their mothers; and</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Anne Jean Robbins, who married Joseph Lyman.</span></span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Their daughter, Catherine Robbins Lyman, married Warren Delano II (1809-98), a partner in Russell & Company.</span></span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white;">The daughter of Warren Delano II and his wife, Catherine Robbins Delano, was Sara Delano, the mother of President Franklin Roosevelt.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #000066; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i><b>To be continued....</b></i> </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-73533803960924147282013-07-06T12:36:00.003-05:002018-03-15T14:56:02.790-05:00Fortune Was His Middle Name<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2DSkN7vVjPyF_1h3TH70Vw4qpy_e1gizAQl-kc9B3OscxC2lcmpsYGKhwG7LbHu_NUlo_1-xR162eMUrFmJBb-JYtKjVjdiBLBHPHczVPvqZA4Q2sWs1UPqPCwwuS_KmaYudar3MgdA4/s234/ThomasFortuneRyan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2DSkN7vVjPyF_1h3TH70Vw4qpy_e1gizAQl-kc9B3OscxC2lcmpsYGKhwG7LbHu_NUlo_1-xR162eMUrFmJBb-JYtKjVjdiBLBHPHczVPvqZA4Q2sWs1UPqPCwwuS_KmaYudar3MgdA4/s200/ThomasFortuneRyan.jpg" width="156" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thomas Fortune Ryan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
We know that William C. Whitney (paternal grandfather of John Hay "Jock" Whitney) was ready for retirement by 1900, and that Thomas Fortune Ryan, his "pump and dump" associate on Wall Street, was then still on the move, having purchased the Equitable Life Assurance Society in 1905. The New York Times on May 19, 1907 said of Ryan, quoting: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"the closest financial friend that Ryan ever had,... the late William C. Whitney:</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
'He is the most adroit, suave, and noiseless man that American finance has ever known.' " </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
America's richest man, it was speculated, would also soon be ready for retirement. Who would succeed him? Without answering that question, the Times moved on, reciting for posterity Ryan's vast wealth of properties: <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcLG8coNrOxygveHDSD9ItxUGcvjMJVE2v7CoQhds2qNMD_Tekz7kO0Rp0DU8Qj9NnVS2uILDzzjkQ0a9m1738kuU7YoXW5m8ZR1tgZuuWoHp-0k_OglwhYLBE9oo6qhkDlC2afEaDnHI/s1600/LM-eqitable.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcLG8coNrOxygveHDSD9ItxUGcvjMJVE2v7CoQhds2qNMD_Tekz7kO0Rp0DU8Qj9NnVS2uILDzzjkQ0a9m1738kuU7YoXW5m8ZR1tgZuuWoHp-0k_OglwhYLBE9oo6qhkDlC2afEaDnHI/s200/LM-eqitable.jpg" width="130" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">120 Broadway, Equitable Bldg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li>The Equitable Life Assurance Society, with $434,000,000 of assets;</li>
<li>the Washington Life Insurance Company, with about $20,000,000 of assets;</li>
<li>the National Bank of Commerce, with $35,000,000 capital and surplus and nearly $200,000,000 of deposits;</li>
<li>the Morton Trust Company, with $6,500,000 capital and $880,000,000 of deposits;</li>
<li>the Mercantile Trust Company, with $8,000,000 capital and surplus and $70,000,000 of deposits;</li>
<li>the Equitable Trust Company, with $12,000,000 capital and surplus and $50,000,000 of deposits;</li>
<li>the American Tobacco Company, with $300,000,000 capital and bonded indebtedness and annual net earnings of $25,000,000 or more;</li>
<li>the Interborough-Metropolitan Street Railroad system, with $225,000,000 capital stock and bonded debt issued and authorized;</li>
<li>the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, with $125,000,000 capitalization.</li>
</ul>
Continuing in this line, the article succinctly summarized how the syndicates with which Ryan had been associated up until 1907 had operated:<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaKNyvdEgMSe1IU1LXj7k8rBKxLwxJq2TJH3Fbe9UkOYFsLxYvk5EPhPPWJM4fAmkRDR3YXutA9Thsb7-VBxthYvneBDaYTtybFEj3VvmScjqfjeS7mZrVFPjQD-LQcBlqI_oPH_HLg8/s1600/syndicate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaKNyvdEgMSe1IU1LXj7k8rBKxLwxJq2TJH3Fbe9UkOYFsLxYvk5EPhPPWJM4fAmkRDR3YXutA9Thsb7-VBxthYvneBDaYTtybFEj3VvmScjqfjeS7mZrVFPjQD-LQcBlqI_oPH_HLg8/s400/syndicate.jpg" width="317" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">How a syndicate really works?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #666666;"><br />In street railroad affairs it was first, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/accumulations-of-money-accumulated-power.html">William C. Whitney</a>, then the Whitney-Widener-Elkins syndicate, then more recently August Belmont through the merger of Mr. Ryan's Metropolitan with Mr. Belmont's Interborough. In the Consolidated Gas Company the Standard Oil group of capitalists are more widely interested than any other. In the Southern Railroad Reorganization it was Morgan and Co.; in the Seaboard Airline, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/01/following-forbes-money-trail.html">Blair & Co</a>. with Morgan "willin'." In the Bank of Commerce the "life insurance interests," as they were known in the old days, were the co-participators, while the <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/06/soul-less-patriot-speaks.html">American Tobacco</a> Company, as it is called to-day, represents a wide variety of financial affiliation. Only in the purchase of the Equitable did Thomas Ryan go it alone, as Mr. Harriman has had occasion to remark on several notable occasions.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>The Vision Thing</b></span></i><br />
<br />
In
the midst of all his ability to work compatibly with certain of his
competitors, Ryan was said to have suffered one memorable defeat, which
he eventually turned into an advantage. Throughout the twenty years or so of activity
in building and reorganizing his various businesses, Ryan had the
advice primarily of William C. Whitney, Elihu Root, and attorney
Paul D. Cravath.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBWsRR8gUqg9i9YbTc40jBOA0K1c-JXwmQEfuecRtVXeR3xue6ENa5kyTWhy9SFgrDT5AjjhPeq-glKqpmSxmqLTElXz7LffpHLsLL_usrUgta1ZZzC1zcZWGf3Et1hBbWd8gIdE0HEH8/s1600/ElecTrolley1880s400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBWsRR8gUqg9i9YbTc40jBOA0K1c-JXwmQEfuecRtVXeR3xue6ENa5kyTWhy9SFgrDT5AjjhPeq-glKqpmSxmqLTElXz7LffpHLsLL_usrUgta1ZZzC1zcZWGf3Et1hBbWd8gIdE0HEH8/s200/ElecTrolley1880s400.jpg" width="194" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Electric street railways</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
These men had bet their future wealth on the advancement of a public-sponsored system of electric street railways without having a vision of individually owned petroleum-powered automobiles. Thus their short-sighted vision for the future is now notable only as fanciful history, which disappeared in the great stock market crash of 1929.<br />
<br />
Leading up to that crash was a series of run-ins between Ryan, whose Irish Catholic roots in Virginia were at odds with a fellow Virginia capitalist named J.S. Williams. Back in the 1890s, Ryan had been challenged for control of the Seaboard Air Line Railway by this rival, about whom we have already <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/06/marriage-ultimate-business-merger.html">written</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFexpH_XkW2_HgxaZk_NE0Fk_Xyi9U6qUq-qHvIR8Tkmmyw-v17va27agQzhQiU-x4NcapBxuD8gQiponaY88BkyCmmTcKxjHWk4m4fHzfKWAri9gWGNcG_wAughx3aX07-IvvBPRm10A/s246/John_Skelton_Williams.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFexpH_XkW2_HgxaZk_NE0Fk_Xyi9U6qUq-qHvIR8Tkmmyw-v17va27agQzhQiU-x4NcapBxuD8gQiponaY88BkyCmmTcKxjHWk4m4fHzfKWAri9gWGNcG_wAughx3aX07-IvvBPRm10A/s200/John_Skelton_Williams.jpg" width="170" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">John Skelton Williams</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #666666;">John Skelton Williams of Richmond, who, with <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0GUmAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=%22J.+William+Middendorf+sr%22&source=bl&ots=csKERbkCDW&sig=F8A8zc-BXEg_jbeESVmRbQ8c5Sc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XNDNUYuVH4SG9QTM4IDoCw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22J.%20William%20Middendorf%20sr%22&f=false">J. William Middendorf</a>, organized a new syndicate and offered $200 a share. The Williams party planned a connection with the Baltimore and Ohio. The courts of Baltimore refused Mr. Ryan an injunction to prevent the transfer of the stock of the Williams crowd, and he appeared to have suffered defeat. Thomas F. Ryan never forgot that defeat. He had to wait—wait until the slow panic of 1903 brought the Williams group of financiers into difficulties. Then, through the banking house of Blair & Co. [operated by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Ledyard_Blair">C. Ledyard Blair</a>], he helped finance the needs of the Seaboard system with the inevitable result. Ryan got the Seaboard....<br /><br /> The question arises naturally, enough, who have been the advisers of Thomas F. Ryan during these twenty years of his participation in the larger financial doings of this town? Two of them, Elihu Root and William C. Whitney, have been already disclosed. Whitney was the close business and personal associate whose stake went in with Mr. Ryan's stake and whose profits came out with those of Mr. Ryan. </span></blockquote>
When we follow the money, rather than the men themselves, all roads lead to Brown Brothers, the American bank which spread its daughters out like Rothschild's arrows. It's a complicated story, which we'll attempt to clarify over a series of steps.<br />
<br />
Start with these links:<br />
<ul><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZi8AmFF9wL_BPYKRTklqXK2IwogtISewjDT3bbeIMYPG44UcVtEjf-PyKlEaqhVU5xLvU-rNMYBlQoEF2dcOY8MdhIjLVOcHVOZcxqLHwoJR_5QSWgMY6u2HLTfzuAJB8DPel_oX-fcc/s1600/Seaboard_RR_logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZi8AmFF9wL_BPYKRTklqXK2IwogtISewjDT3bbeIMYPG44UcVtEjf-PyKlEaqhVU5xLvU-rNMYBlQoEF2dcOY8MdhIjLVOcHVOZcxqLHwoJR_5QSWgMY6u2HLTfzuAJB8DPel_oX-fcc/s200/Seaboard_RR_logo.png" width="200" /></a>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;">T.F. Ryan lost control of the Seaboard Airline Railroad in <b>1893</b> to <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/war-is-big-business.html" target="_blank">John Langbourne Williams</a>' son, John Skelton Williams, who was working to connect it to the railroad controlled by Baltimore's premier banking family, Alexander Brown and his son, George Brown.</span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
</span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;">In <b>1903</b> Ryan worked through C. Ledyard Blair, head of a bank at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=D5JPAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA53" target="_blank">24 Broad Street</a> in New York to regain control of the Seaboard Airline.</span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
</span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;">During the Panic of <b>1907</b>, Morgan, with the help of James Stillman
of the National City Bank (now Citigroup), and a few other bankers,
pooled enough money together to allow Morgan-financed U.S. Steel to
purchase the shares of the "too big to fail" <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F10C1EFB3F5414728DDDAD0A94DE405B8985F0D3" target="_blank">Moore</a> and <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F00D10FB385F1B7A93C1AB178AD95F438185F9" target="_blank">Schley</a> brokerage company in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Coal,_Iron_and_Railroad_Company" target="_blank">competitor steel company</a>, with last-minute approval of President Theodore Roosevelt. </span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
</span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;">C. Ledyard Blair, Ryan's banker in 1903, supported Republican William Howard Taft (Yale, Skull and Bones, 1878) for President in 1908 and again in 1912, when Democrat Woodrow Wilson won.</span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #666666;">
</span>
</span>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666;">Wilson selected T.F. Ryan's nemesis, John Skelton Williams, to be Comptroller of the Currency in the very year, <b>1913</b>, the new Federal Reserve Act went into effect and the same year J.P. Morgan died. <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0911FE3B5F1B7A93C4A81788D85F4C8185F9" target="_blank">James Stillman</a> had retired from City Bank in 1908, and E.H. Harriman died in 1909. There was a vacuum at the top of the big banks during this time, waiting for someone to fill.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
Who would fill this gap after the big names either retired or died? A group of banking scions were chomping at the bit to make their names known.<br />
<br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-47443581276987075502013-06-25T16:15:00.001-05:002018-01-09T09:36:46.772-06:00Marriage--the Ultimate Business Merger<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLF2L9irv-FDuTQpMVQX2xtxMIdRW6phbLtqIxpXzzXeA_OYMiXQ4YKX5Yfq6a9-gGruTEH8JcoYHLMwX-GTbj7BBdq3rv-jzfy4Z8Mtw65eE1sqZfOZAmLbXX3cxdLJevhGuyGBGEIEI/s1600/Elsie+Stillman+Rockefeller_1903.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLF2L9irv-FDuTQpMVQX2xtxMIdRW6phbLtqIxpXzzXeA_OYMiXQ4YKX5Yfq6a9-gGruTEH8JcoYHLMwX-GTbj7BBdq3rv-jzfy4Z8Mtw65eE1sqZfOZAmLbXX3cxdLJevhGuyGBGEIEI/s320/Elsie+Stillman+Rockefeller_1903.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stillmans remain close to collateral kin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://www.stillman.org/g1736.htm">James J. Stillman</a> did see to it that his children married "well." Daughter Elsie married William Goodsell Rockefeller in 1895; Isabel married his brother, Percy Avery Rockefeller, in 1901; and James Alexander Stillman later in 1901 married Anne Urquhart Potter, an actress. <br />
<br />
The Stillman daughters lived in Greenwich, CT with their Rockefeller husbands (both Yale educated and members of Skull and Bones), and they maintained close ties with their Stillman relatives, who worked at the bank which is now known as Citigroup. Charles Stillman, Jr., their bachelor uncle, had graduated from Yale in 1882 and worked in cotton brokerage like <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/war-is-big-business.html">the Swensons</a>.<br />
<br />
The next generation witnessed the marriage of Elizabeth Goodrich Stillman, the daughter of Elsie's cousin, Chauncey Stillman, to <a href="http://www.reopenkennedycase.net/parker-1.html">Langbourne Meade Williams</a>, a son of John L. Williams, one of Eric Swenson's investors in his Freeport Sulphur Co., as shown in the following news clipping:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw8Pb0Pm3cexVWKlXanrrbbAse1iMu9HUPAcmoEBQzY9ASJ_HqO4N0-RA6rYZAsEt94U7t4fYkkDQ_OByYpYCzX1fOG4c1z3xQRJLVVo4QMeZrlfobxG1cjpO6Dwszv7wiDmWLnFL8Mpw/s1600/LM+Williams+obit.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw8Pb0Pm3cexVWKlXanrrbbAse1iMu9HUPAcmoEBQzY9ASJ_HqO4N0-RA6rYZAsEt94U7t4fYkkDQ_OByYpYCzX1fOG4c1z3xQRJLVVo4QMeZrlfobxG1cjpO6Dwszv7wiDmWLnFL8Mpw/s640/LM+Williams+obit.jpg" width="382" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>The John L. Williams & Sons, Banking Family</b></i></span><br />
<br />
The Stillman family's shares in Freeport Sulphur were originally acquired in 1912 by James J. Stillman, when the mineral company was founded by a third-generation <a href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/freeport-mcmoran-copper-gold-inc-history/">Texas banker</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Eric P. Swenson, vice- president of National City Bank in New York and a
native Texan who retained strong financial ties throughout Texas, showed
interest and visited the find in 1911. When Swenson saw the site, he
realized that he could also develop a duty-free port nearby. Upon
returning to New York, he formed the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=uZAgAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA449" target="_blank">Vanderlip-Swenson-Tilghman</a>
Syndicate. He pooled capital of $700,000 to finance the project and
purchased Bryanmound and the surrounding area.</span></span></blockquote>
It was said of Eric P. Swenson's <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=QPUBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA678&lpg=PA678&dq=Swenson+%22Fidelity+Bank%22&source=bl&ots=q9iqO6sc8s&sig=oVhsGPU69AmmE1Tl19eVMQSRPWE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmbIUYO1K4LW9QTil4D4CQ&ved=0CFQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22Fidelity%20Bank%22&f=false">Fidelity Bank</a> when it opened in March 1900 in the upper East side of New York City, that:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">while it will be a separate institution, it will practically be an up-town branch of the City National Bank....One of the Directors of the new bank said last night: "The institution is designed to accommodate the people up town, and will be more especially a 'householders' bank'. It will probably have close business relations with the National City Bank."</span></blockquote>
<br />
Langbourne Williams, Sr.'s brother, <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=krtIAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA443">John Skelton Williams</a>, was a Virginian like President Woodrow Wilson, who appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Treasury on March 24, 1913. While awaiting approval of his appointment as Comptroller of the Currency, he was thus placed in charge of the fiscal bureaus of the Treasury Department and would have such control until Warren Harding's inauguration in 1921--the first eight years of the Fed's operation. The Southerner's background was given in an introduction to him by the Washington Post, published May 25, 1913:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;"> The new Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. John Skelton Williams,
has the enviable distinction of tracing his line of descent on the
paternal side of his family direct from our first First Lady [<a href="http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1">Martha Washington</a>], and from his maternal ancestors there flows in his veins the bluest blood of the F.F.V.'s [First Families of Virginia].</span><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><br />Mr.
Williams' grandmother, Sianna Dandridge, was the daughter of William
Dandridge, of New Kent, whose father, John Bartholomew Dandridge, was
the brother of Martha Washington. Sianna Dandridge's mother was Susannah
Armistead, the only daughter of Maj. William Armistead, of New Kent,
who was a direct descendant of William Armistead, the emigrant, who
landed on the shores of Virginia In 1636. </span><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><br />Nor is Mr. Williams'
mother's line any less distinguished. She comes from the Skeltons and
the Randolphs—families who have made Virginia's history famous since
Colonial days. She is the great-granddaughter of the Edmund Randolph who
was the first Secretary of State under President Washington, and who
was the first Attorney General of the young republic. <br />Secretary Williams' parents, John Langbourne and <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6634905">Marie Ward Skelton </a>Williams,
were living at their country home, in Powhatan county, Va., when their
son, John Skelton, was born, July 6, 1866. His early boyhood days were
spent there and at the Virginia capital, and in the private schools of
Richmond young Williams received his rudimentary education. Later he
attended the <a href="http://im.dev.virginia.edu/endowments/other/long_name/rectorvisitors/research/johnlangbournewilliamsmemorialfund/">University of Virginia</a> [later the alma mater of Mississippi-born <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/02/frank-gardiner-wisner-education-of.html">Frank Wisner</a>],
and in 1886 he took a short term at law at that institution, not with
the idea, however, of practicing, but in order to better fit himself for
his business career. He entered his father's banking house as an
apprentice, and learned the business from the first round of the ladder
up. He had remarkable aptitude for business, as was shown when at the
age of 18 he began the publication of a pamphlet entitled "A Manual of
Investments," a publication commanding such a wide circulation that he
continued publishing it for a number of years—in fact, until he became
too busy with other things to do so. </span><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><br />... It was he who first thought
out, and then brought to consummation, the short line from New York to
Florida—that which is now known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaboard_Air_Line_Railroad">Seaboard Air Line Railway</a>
system. In 1900 he was elected the first president of the system—a most
unusual honor to come to a man in his thirty-fourth year. Since then
Mr. Willlams has been more and more identified with the business
interests of the South. He became a director in numerous trust
companies, banks, railroad and other corporations, and is now a
recognized leading financier, not only of the South, but in many of the
business centers of the country.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Taking Charge of the New Fed</span></b></i><br />
<br />
A mere seven months after this introduction Williams was being viciously attacked in the press, and soon thereafter was being investigated by Congress. Claims were made by a Republican who had been involved politically with Theodore Roosevelt, named <a href="http://chestofbooks.com/finance/banking/Romance-Tragedy/The-Riggs-National-Bank-Controversy.html#.UUCwn1e-Nbw">Milton E. Ailes</a>, that Williams had "<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=krtIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22extraordinary+methods+to+obtain+information+with+which+to+attack+the+National+City+Bank+of+New+York,%22&source=bl&ots=hzfNGqVLfe&sig=GQab5VTdLONPf38NwMLGahN0CQE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kNLJUaboCcSGrAGWyIDgDw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22extraordinary%20methods%20to%20obtain%20information%20with%20which%20to%20attack%20the%20National%20City%20Bank%20of%20New%20York%2C%22&f=false">resorted to </a><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=krtIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22extraordinary+methods+to+obtain+information+with+which+to+attack+the+National+City+Bank+of+New+York,%22&source=bl&ots=hzfNGqVLfe&sig=GQab5VTdLONPf38NwMLGahN0CQE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kNLJUaboCcSGrAGWyIDgDw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22extraordinary%20methods%20to%20obtain%20information%20with%20which%20to%20attack%20the%20National%20City%20Bank%20of%20New%20York%2C%22&f=false">extraordinary methods</a> to obtain information with which to attack the National City Bank of New York" as well as the Riggs National Bank in Washington, D.C. <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwNsMQlf2Q56I95aFdebdW_DYShX_03azQBY2dA60GHwKc_NMMxE9lhFU_VLKonFFl20QUWkZ_u2F2L_jnEGRK5-t9NQW-kUyN1rVBY5cdqSV5pQREvDhPnSWTKDFmdxdytAHtXUGgWXA/s1600/john-williams-sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwNsMQlf2Q56I95aFdebdW_DYShX_03azQBY2dA60GHwKc_NMMxE9lhFU_VLKonFFl20QUWkZ_u2F2L_jnEGRK5-t9NQW-kUyN1rVBY5cdqSV5pQREvDhPnSWTKDFmdxdytAHtXUGgWXA/s200/john-williams-sm.jpg" width="139" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.occ.gov/about/who-we-are/leadership/past-comptrollers/comptroller-john-williams.html" target="_blank">blue blooded Virginian</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
George Peabody's partner in Baltimore, Elisha Riggs, had founded the Riggs bank. This blog has <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/12/untitled-aristocracy.html">previously detailed</a> George Peabody's rise from the elite enclave of China traders in Essex County, Massachusetts, to enter banking in Baltimore. His training complete, he shipped off to England during the days his Danvers relatives were accumulating capital in the so-called China trade, into which various members of the Peabody clan, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endicott_Peabody_%28educator%29">Endicott Peabody</a>, were intermarried. George Peabody's role in London, as a representative for the House of <a href="http://www.peabodyevents.library.jhu.edu/history.html">Morgan</a>, was to launder profits of his opium-trading kin through what then served as America's bank of last-resort lending. He created the model for using drug money to build up America's gold reserves.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyYW45ErA5Pu3xVacQeerIGnsabuQjZjdwACqprOTXbSvnmyWz60MH8ui9cDiz2Cs4Eszzmk_HkhnT9HWuPcq5Q3nSHWksZNUcNCSf2VbTDy5rDDwWDJSjl62NS9CZvAggYqC2-5iitPc/s1600/Robert+Lancaster+Williams.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyYW45ErA5Pu3xVacQeerIGnsabuQjZjdwACqprOTXbSvnmyWz60MH8ui9cDiz2Cs4Eszzmk_HkhnT9HWuPcq5Q3nSHWksZNUcNCSf2VbTDy5rDDwWDJSjl62NS9CZvAggYqC2-5iitPc/s640/Robert+Lancaster+Williams.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Langbourne Williams' financial network</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Perhaps Ailes was aware of this connection, from the previous century, between the opium traders in New England and the Baltimore bankers. Perhaps he was urged to destroy the triangular scheme by which anti-Federalist shipping merchants, who were blockade runners and smugglers during the War of 1812, had linked up with Southern bankers--both of which groups had ties to British banks which had similar experience with East India Company profits before the opium wars shut off that faucet for them.<br />
<br />
All we know at this point is that Milton Ailes made vicious attacks against the Virginian whose father, banker John Langbourne Williams of Richmond, Va., was in partnership with the J. W. Middendorf banking family, according to information from Baltimore: Its History and Its People (1912). <a href="http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2011/08/10/nixon-nearly-picked-bush-as-vp">J.W. Middendorf II</a> would, in 1968 help finance George Bush's run for President against Richard Nixon and others; he almost got Bush's name on the ballot as vice president, he revealed in his 2011 book, Potomac Fever. <br />
<br />
Ailes <a href="http://chestofbooks.com/finance/banking/Romance-Tragedy/The-Riggs-National-Bank-Controversy-Part-2.html#.UcnULJzaosB">also stated</a> that "Williams had maliciously used his high office as a cover to impertinently, arrogantly and insolently pry into matters with which he had no official concern whatever, for the purpose and with the intent to injure the bank and wreak his vengeance on certain of its officers against whom he entertained a personal hatred." Ailes was obviously working on behalf of competing banking networks, likely based in New York, who did not want to allow these Southerners to compete with them. Eventually, a grand jury indicted the Riggs bankers for selling stocks short, but the defense used former Presidents William Howard Taft and Theodore Roosevelt as character witnesses for the defendants. It was all set out in a book by banker, Thomas P. Kane, in <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=krtIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22extraordinary+methods+to+obtain+information+with+which+to+attack+the+National+City+Bank+of+New+York,%22&source=bl&ots=hzfNGqVLfe&sig=GQab5VTdLONPf38NwMLGahN0CQE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kNLJUaboCcSGrAGWyIDgDw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22extraordinary%20methods%20to%20obtain%20information%20with%20which%20to%20attack%20the%20National%20City%20Bank%20of%20New%20York%2C%22&f=false">The Romance and Tragedy of Bankin</a><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=krtIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22extraordinary+methods+to+obtain+information+with+which+to+attack+the+National+City+Bank+of+New+York,%22&source=bl&ots=hzfNGqVLfe&sig=GQab5VTdLONPf38NwMLGahN0CQE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kNLJUaboCcSGrAGWyIDgDw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22extraordinary%20methods%20to%20obtain%20information%20with%20which%20to%20attack%20the%20National%20City%20Bank%20of%20New%20York%2C%22&f=false">g</a></i>.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcRRmm8AVVdUJ_mNOi9TDnpTuyytOln0mD3qTJg2DvMxeD9UDIEuk1SxtRijVrlRtbEP3KuDyucQzpzBbtGTyCp9HU6dR1Q9FhNNgNmVbzr7g7l_BlFMMpomqx7a4AUwJSa9IdZFoBQEA/s1600/Stillman,+wife+of+Langbourne+M.+Williams_1955.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcRRmm8AVVdUJ_mNOi9TDnpTuyytOln0mD3qTJg2DvMxeD9UDIEuk1SxtRijVrlRtbEP3KuDyucQzpzBbtGTyCp9HU6dR1Q9FhNNgNmVbzr7g7l_BlFMMpomqx7a4AUwJSa9IdZFoBQEA/s400/Stillman,+wife+of+Langbourne+M.+Williams_1955.jpg" width="181" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Faked Memorial</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Ten years after the 1916 trial, John Skelton Williams died, but his influence remained. The major investment in sulphur his father's bank had made in 1912 was destined to fall under the control of the former Comptroller's nephew, Langbourne M. Williams, Jr. in 1930, not coincidentally the same year Langbourne married Elizabeth Goodrich Stillman. As the sister of the same Chauncey Devereaux Stillman, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/citigroups-texas-roots.html">introduced</a> in a previous post, Mrs. Williams served as a link between the capital acquired at the turn of the 20th century by an old Connecticut family--with mining assets, including sulphur, in Mexico and Texas, along with assets in petroleum brought in when her Stillman aunt and grandmother married sons of William Rockefeller. <br />
<br />
The 1930 marriage would allow financial management of those mining and oil assets to be handed over to one of Virginia's oldest banking families. Yet it seems nobody understood what was actually happening. <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/citigroups-texas-roots.html">G. E. Dodd</a>, who had to pay the newspaper to get it to print his version of the farce that took place when Godfrey S. Rockefeller and J. Sterling Rockefeller went to Brownsville, Texas, with the Stillmans and Williamses to create a fake memorial for Charles Stillman did not know exactly what was amiss, only that he smelled a rat. It was with this Brownsville memorial that we began our series about the Stillman family in Texas with the intention of exploring <a href="http://www.realhistoryarchives.com/collections/hidden/freeport-cuba.htm">Lisa Pease's research</a> which connects Freeport Sulphur to the John Kennedy assassination.<br />
<br />
It is at that point we will pick up eventually. Watch for it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-46983823023256151572013-06-21T13:25:00.002-05:002013-06-22T07:35:30.680-05:00How the Rockefellers Got Control of Skull and Bones in 1930<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ53tiNqYKwWzFSANQyRAPZJhEz6D91zpAZkVIekFNru1vtkwFIjgrikJp7Rcs9CI1SMSmBViRmm6AuHf84clP_qjj9LiBg8TeByDah0lduaKpNz6o3nM0tNP3oBwhho4cAD93oWrSRqs/s1600/Percy_1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ53tiNqYKwWzFSANQyRAPZJhEz6D91zpAZkVIekFNru1vtkwFIjgrikJp7Rcs9CI1SMSmBViRmm6AuHf84clP_qjj9LiBg8TeByDah0lduaKpNz6o3nM0tNP3oBwhho4cAD93oWrSRqs/s200/Percy_1900.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012_07_01_archive.html" target="_blank">Percy at Yale, 1900, marries Stillman 1901</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Probably
because of his family's intimate contacts in governmental circles,
Charles Stillman was in a position as soon as the treaty ending the
Mexican War was signed, to purchase the military's boats previously used
to navigate the Rio Grande River. But Stillman had set up a town
directly across the river from Matamoros, which he named Brownsville
(For Fort Brown), and found it more profitable to operate a ferry across
the river. He thus attempted to sell his boats to other men who had
been engaged in furnishing supplies to the military during the war by
steamboat. Two of these were <a href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth146056/m1/322/?q=stillman" target="_blank">Mifflin Kenedy and Richard King</a>,
who also became huge landowners in the former disputed area between the
Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers. They were partners until 1865, when
Charles Stillman returned to New York City to make way for the
establishment of the First National City Bank of New York from
profiteering </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">profits derived from </span>two wars.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrDAexdxQky5HNSD3jcdx6qRfTMoeqf0guK2Q4YNzMnDUqo8puFc1LLeR02fNZdNCQ2DjDAqD6D2DoYurg-T1E4XkIsz6Uo_TbmAtmL4afVeee_Ymc3n8dWuMX0EOzU8FHfnXt2cZ5wfg/s1600/skull_bones+chart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrDAexdxQky5HNSD3jcdx6qRfTMoeqf0guK2Q4YNzMnDUqo8puFc1LLeR02fNZdNCQ2DjDAqD6D2DoYurg-T1E4XkIsz6Uo_TbmAtmL4afVeee_Ymc3n8dWuMX0EOzU8FHfnXt2cZ5wfg/s400/skull_bones+chart.jpg" width="236" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click image to enlarge.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">The Connecticut Roots of Stillman Family</span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When we review the Stillman family ancestry, we find that it, intriguingly intersects with that of the families we have previously researched who were intimately involved with the Russell Trust and Skull and Bones in the early days of Connecticut's history. From various genealogical studies, the following information has been collected about the common ancestor, most of which is derived from </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.stillman.org/a1.htm" target="_blank"><b>Life of Mr. George Stileman/Stillman</b></a>:</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Founder
of the largest North American Stillman branch, Mr. George Stillman was
born in England in 1654 as George Stileman -- the first of three sons of
George Stileman (1621- ). A bronze plaque dated 1670 hangs in the
Church of St. Mary the Virgin in Steeple Ashton, Wiltshire County,
England to memorialize him. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In 1677 George Stileman married Jane Pickering -- the daughter of <a href="http://www.stillman.org/a1.htm" target="_blank">Sir Gilbert Pickering</a>,
Baronet of Nova Scotia 1st, a strict Puritan and Oliver Cromwell's Lord
Chamberlain to the Protector (a combination of supreme court judge and
attorney general). As was the custom of the time, George Stileman took
Jane Pickering's last name, rather than the reverse, so that Jane
Pickering could retain her societal status and inheritance. Thus George
Stileman became George Stileman Pickering. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Jane Pickering gave
birth to their first son, George Stileman Pickering, Jr., in August
1679. Through Lady Elizabeth Montagu Pickering, the wife of Sir Gilbert
Pickering, a royal lineage has been thoroughly documented by John R.
Sprague III. All direct descendants of Mr. George Stillman may
rightfully claim this lineage as theirs for whatever purposes such claim
may serve. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In those times, there was a tremendous amount of
turmoil everywhere, with the monarchy in constant struggle to wrest
control from the Parliament, and with religious groups fighting openly
to gain control as well. Sir Gilbert Pickering died in 1668 leaving his
eldest son Sir John Pickering in charge of the Pickering family. The
throne of the King of England was once again claimed by the Roman
Catholics through the Stuart family when Charles II died and his brother
James II became King of Great Britain in 1685. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGYl7Pd3YseuGIgXqnnPJj8t0Vraz3lJfwGgnTXiGRfClfYHumLm-riUOxaTw595spxqz9tlaF2PzQTo-cdD7z4GYtYXo5vm5Lp1hRVICPTElubxSUoKlRi9Atp8s4fAyAzqz1WpKs754/s1600/Monmouth.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGYl7Pd3YseuGIgXqnnPJj8t0Vraz3lJfwGgnTXiGRfClfYHumLm-riUOxaTw595spxqz9tlaF2PzQTo-cdD7z4GYtYXo5vm5Lp1hRVICPTElubxSUoKlRi9Atp8s4fAyAzqz1WpKs754/s320/Monmouth.jpg" width="203" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Duke of Monmouth executed</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">George Stileman Pickering and Jane Pickering were apprehended and charged with treason during the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://sheptonmallet.info/site/index.php?page_id=225" target="_blank">Duke of Monmouth's rebellion</a> of 1685, a generation after the death of Oliver Cromwell, but were able</span>
through wealth and influence to leave England and immediately set sail
for the American Colonies from London late that same year with all that
they could carry with them. <br /><br />George Stileman Pickering Jr.,
Samuel Stileman Pickering, and a daughter, Jane Stileman Pickering, were
left behind to be sent for when their new home in the New England
colonies had been established. Tragedy struck during the trip when Jane
Pickering died at sea of complications resulting from premature
childbirth. George Stileman Pickering settled in Hadley, Massachusetts,
dropped the Pickering name, and resumed the use of his surname of
Stileman. <br /><br />George was joined later by his eldest son George
Stileman Pickering, Jr. George Stileman Pickering, Jr. -- unhappy with
following his father's new trade- - returned to England, and completed
studies and qualifiications to practice as a medical doctor. In 1689
George Stileman changed to the surname spelling of Stillman. Doctor
George Stileman Pickering, Jr. returned to the colonies permanently
around 1700 and also dropped his last name of Pickering and assumed the
surname spelling of Stillman, the same as his father. <br /><br />A man of
education, George Stillman's mercantile business grew to make him
wealthy in Hadley, and he served as a Selectman, a member of the Board
of Governors. He married <a href="http://archive.org/stream/historygenealogy03stil#page/2/mode/2up" target="_blank">Rebecca Smith</a>,
daughter of Lt. Philip Smith in 1686. George Stillman moved everything
to Wethersfield, Connecticut, where Lt. Smith and his father had
removed, abandoning the property which was then being besieged by the
Narragansett tribes. It was Nathaniel Foote, Philip's wife's father, who
was credited with founding this new community four miles south of
Hartford. <br /><br />In 1699 George and Rebecca Smith Stillman had a
daughter named Anna who would marry Deacon Hezakiah May; their daughter,
Elizabeth May, wife of Daniel Newcomb, had a daughter, Lydia, who
married Timothy Bush; thus began the Stillman relationship to the George
Bush Family lineage. <br /><br />George Stillman carried on a large trade
business with the West Indies and England until his death in 1728.
During his life he set one son, John Stillman, up in business, provided
son Benjamin Stillman with a Yale education (Class of 1725), and made
various bequests to his other children--Nathaniel Stillman, several
daughters, and his son, Dr. George Stillman Jr. </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Deacon
Benjamin Stillman practiced law in Middleton, Connecticut, the same
town where his sister Lydia Stillman lived with her husband, Rev. Daniel
Russell.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">But it was Nathaniel Stillman (<span class="date">1719 – 1811) </span>whose
branch leads to Charles Stillman. We will return to him subsequently. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b>Lt. Philip Smith</b></i></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Before a year passed after his arrival, George Stillman had married a young woman in Hadley, Massachusetts,
</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rebecca Smith, whose </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">father, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/footefamilyordes00good#page/n23/mode/2up/search/philip+smith" target="_blank">Lieutenant Philip Smith</a>, was "<a href="http://www.blogger.com/">murder'd with an hideous witchcraft,</a>" </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">in 1684, </span>according
to Cotton Mather's writings. Smith's own father-in-law, Nathaniel
Foote, in 1634 had led many of Hadley's citizens out of the Bay Colony
to a new town he set up in Connecticut called </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Wethersfield</span></span></span>.
Lieutenant Samuel Smith (the "fellmonger") went with the Foote group,
but then returned to Hadley with his son Philip about 25 years later and
served in the <a href="http://pcs2051.tripod.com/smith.htm" target="_blank">colonial legislature</a>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Philip Smith went back to Wethersfield with <a href="http://archive.org/stream/footefamilyordes00good#page/n45/mode/2up/search/philip+smith" target="_blank">Rev. William Russell, Jr.</a> in 1659 and married Foote's youngest daughter, Rebecca, then about 24. He took her with him to Hadley where he helped to run</span> the <a href="http://archive.org/stream/footefamilyordes00good#page/n43/mode/2up/search/philip+smith" target="_blank">Hopkins School</a>, . Twenty-five years later he died at the age of 50--allegedly murdered by <a href="http://home.comcast.net/%7Ebluebirdsong/chesley/witch.htm" target="_blank">Mary Reeve Webster</a>,
Wife of William Webster, who lived near Hadley. Prior to Smith's death,
Webster had already been accused of witchcraft and sent to Boston for
trial, in which it was alleged:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>...that she, not having the fear of God before her eyes, and being
instigated by the devil, hath entered into covenant and had familiarity
with him in the shape of a warraneage, (fisher or wild black cat of the
woods) and had his imps sucking her, and teats or marks found on her, as
in and by several testimonies may appear, contrary to the peace of our
sovereign lord, the king, his crown and dignity, the laws of God and of
this jurisdiction
</i></blockquote>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrbQ4R-6td58tpFGC-YhhMNYOFCPoErViW_5F6DaDmzX79l8aD8ucEpxVvGLRLz1vWec16pHJw4Npl5p5ESouEdKB2OuCA6xYr6ea6DeDiE9ecH3oz1wl0UT5_XiRH2uVKtK9F2OPfgkU/s1600/witch_mary-273x184.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrbQ4R-6td58tpFGC-YhhMNYOFCPoErViW_5F6DaDmzX79l8aD8ucEpxVvGLRLz1vWec16pHJw4Npl5p5ESouEdKB2OuCA6xYr6ea6DeDiE9ecH3oz1wl0UT5_XiRH2uVKtK9F2OPfgkU/s1600/witch_mary-273x184.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hideous Witchcraft</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Once Smith
was dead, the good citizens of Hadley, strung up Mary Webster, hanging
her, though she survived the night. She was then buried in a pile of
snow but again survived that ordeal. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Two years later after her father's death, Rebecca Smith became George Stillman's second wife. </span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">After their children were born in Hadley, Massachusetts, the Stillmans migrated to Wethersfield in Connecticut. There their</span> daughter, <span style="color: #660000;"><b>Lydia Stillman, married
into the Russell family--becoming the wife of Rev. Daniel Russell</b>,</span> son of <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">Nodiah</a> Russell of New
Haven and <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/%7Ectsmfsd/RussellInDepth.pdf" target="_blank">Mary Hamlin Russell</a> from Middletown, Connecticut.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSsFVpFsMmr1uA87q621Fxk4ceBBeL45-pMPPxK0Gmuio0J0d6M5LJNzHiRPZoKShDfFpNUoCNI67jQeWCkq9irXViw-Y3BEavsOuDuE_e6-tw84sKKXWo2fMl3wmA0YpD6__nYkeJGBw/s1600/Lydia+Stillman+Russell.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSsFVpFsMmr1uA87q621Fxk4ceBBeL45-pMPPxK0Gmuio0J0d6M5LJNzHiRPZoKShDfFpNUoCNI67jQeWCkq9irXViw-Y3BEavsOuDuE_e6-tw84sKKXWo2fMl3wmA0YpD6__nYkeJGBw/s400/Lydia+Stillman+Russell.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">See <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/%7Ectsmfsd/RussellInDepth.pdf" target="_blank">Russell genealogy</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Yale Founder Nodiah Russell </span></b></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Daniel Russell's father had been <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">one
of
the twelve founders of Yale as well as one of the trustees of the
college, and his brother, William Russell (Yale
1709), who was pastor of the church in Middletown, CT was married to
Mary Pierpont, from whose Huguenot family the notable banker, J.
Pierpont Morgan, was also descended. </span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">
</span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mary Pierpont's sister was the wife of <a href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1053&context=etas" target="_blank">famed preacher</a> Jonathan
Edwards, who was an integral part of the "<a href="http://www.great-awakening.com/?page_id=20" target="_blank">great awakening</a>": </span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Edwards argued that Lockean “sense impressions” of
most importance were those which saw and felt God, since they affected
human growth. Confronting his congregation, he pitted two images –
images of “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” against those of “the
divine and supernatural light”. The result of such sermons during the
1730s brought society in the Connecticut Valley to remarkable conversion
and interior reflection. This revivalist sentiment spread throughout
New England in different degrees throughout the decade, with another
resurgence or zeal occurring in 1742-1743.</span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thus
it was that the Stillman family was so closely tied to the man who
would become known as the co-founded of Skull and Bones at Yale: </span></span></div>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/norris-galpin-osborn/men-of-mark-in-connecticut-ideals-of-american-life-told-in-biographies-and-auto-obs-60.shtml" target="_blank">GENERAL WILLIAM HUNTINGTON RUSSELL</a>-</span> (Page 410)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rev.
William Russell married Mary, oldest daughter of Rev. James Pierpont
(Harvard, 1681), also one of the ten founders of Yale College, and one
of the original trustees of Yale College thirteen years (1701 to 1714),
and during a period of thirty years until his death (1685-1714), pastor
of the First Congregational Church in New Haven. Another daughter, Sarah
Pierpont, married Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D.D. (Yale, 1720), the
distinguished theologian and president of Princeton College, and
ancestor of three presidents of Yale (Timothy Dwight, president
1795-1817; Theodore D. Woolsey, president 1846-1871; Timothy Dwight,
president 1886-1899), and whose granddaughter married Eli Whitney,
inventor of the cotton-gin. These Pierponts were descended from Sir Hugh
de Pierrepont, of Picardy, in France, A. D. 980, whose grandson. Sir
Robert de Pierrepont, went from France to England as commander in the
army of William the Conqueror in 1066, and was ennobled for
distinguished conduct at the battle of Hastings (1066), and from him
descended the dukes and earls of Kingston. (Genealogical Abstract of the
Family of Pierrepont, Yale College Library; also Hollister's History of
Connecticut, "Vol. I, 458-459, 510.) </span></span>[Author: <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/norris-galpin-osborn.shtml">Norris Galpin Osborn</a> Title: Men of mark in Connecticut; ideals of American
life told in biographies and autobiographies of eminent living Americans
(Volume 8)]</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">William and Mary Pierpont Russell had two sons:</span></span><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">one, named for his father
Nodiah and also a clergyman, would become the grandfather of William Huntington Russell,
founder of Skull and Bones at Yale.</span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Samuel, was father of Captain John Russell and grandfather of a
second Samuel Russell, the founder of Russell & Company, in 1824 in Boston. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vjKHn-MoxytzdYfIPOJbFjkRBZlj0ugsVlK-p8v9JeG1rg4YM2SxN4J0gPGq2XYhQ2Hpf-Y4G3zqhyjASAdZX5PcGY2kU04FbnRc4Q9Z2XC3KUqVxIIUu57H3hDYyNBiTkn0R6MagVE/s1600/Stillman+1800s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vjKHn-MoxytzdYfIPOJbFjkRBZlj0ugsVlK-p8v9JeG1rg4YM2SxN4J0gPGq2XYhQ2Hpf-Y4G3zqhyjASAdZX5PcGY2kU04FbnRc4Q9Z2XC3KUqVxIIUu57H3hDYyNBiTkn0R6MagVE/s400/Stillman+1800s.jpg" width="267" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">We learn from <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0806349239%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><i>F</i></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0806349239%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><i>amilies of Ancient Wethersfield, Connecticut, Volume II</i></a>, compiled by Henry R. Stiles and published by Grafton Press in 1904, about the Stillmans who went to Texas and Mexico during the Mexican and civil wars, and that leads us back into previously reported facts about <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/citigroups-texas-roots.html" target="_blank">Citigroup's Roots</a> in Texas, as well as to the Skull and Bones cult that was founded in Connecticut in 1832. The Stiles book (inset right) was published shortly after James J. Stillman began marrying his children off into the William Rockefeller family, and thus melding the Standard Oil fortunes into Yale's endowment institutions. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Yale had already managed to gobble up a large portion of the wealth of another of Standard Oil's original investors, Oliver Payne (Yale ), when the <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/node/750" target="_blank">William Collins Whitney family </a></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/node/750" target="_blank">split</a> </span>in two--one son William Payne Whitney casting his fortune with Yale and his Standard Oil heir uncle; the other, Harry Payne Whitney, siding with their father. Harry married into the Vanderbilt family, went to Harvard, and cast his fortune on the side of the Morgan banking conglomerate for which his father had long helped with its <a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Eggs1.html" target="_blank">pump-and-dump schemes</a>. William Payne Whitney dropped his first name, married the daughter of Secretary of State John Hay, and became the father of <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/war-is-big-business.html" target="_blank">John Hay "Jock" Whitney</a>, the man who eventually took over the Freeport Sulphur company created by earlier progenitors of the company founded by the Swensons of Texas.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The two or three decades after the Stillmans merged with the Rockefellers was the most crucial period in American history. It witnessed the shift of control of America's wealth from the Morgan elites to the Rockefeller upstarts, with Stillman betting his children's lives on the side of oil. William F. Engdahl has expressed the evidence garnered by previous researchers like Anthony Sutton and Eustace Mullins, when <a href="http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Engdahl_F_William/Rival_Empires_GOM.html" target="_blank">he writes</a> in <i>Gods of Money: Wall Street and the Death of the American Century</i>:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In 1930 as most banks were struggling to survive, Rockefeller's Chase National Bank was thriving... Chase Bank's most significant acquisition during the first months of the financial crisis in 1930 was the Equitable Trust Company of New York, the largest stockholder of which was John D. Rockefeller Jr. This made the Chase Bank the largest bank in America and indeed the world.<br /> As a result of their dominant position following the decline of the House of Morgan during the depression, the Rockefeller group, in addition to controlling Chase Bank and First City Bank of New York, controlled the largest US oil companies.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> ... The Rockefeller group also consolidated a commanding control over the major chemical and defense-related industries.</span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">See one of the books by <a href="http://www.trineday.com/paypal_store/product_pages/ASE.html" target="_blank">Anthony C. Sutton</a>, <a href="http://reformed-theology.org/html/books/bolshevik_revolution/" target="_blank"><i>Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution</i></a>, which summed up each group's investments prior to the 1929 crash. </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Before World War I, the financial and business structure of the United States was dominated by two conglomerates: Standard Oil, or the Rockefeller enterprise, and the Morgan complex of industries — finance and transportation companies. Rockefeller and Morgan trust alliances dominated not only Wall Street but, through interlocking directorships, almost the entire economic fabric of the United States. </span> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /> Rockefeller interests monopolized the petroleum and allied industries, and controlled the copper trust, the smelters trust, and the gigantic tobacco trust, in addition to having influence in some Morgan properties such as the U.S. Steel Corporation as well as in hundreds of smaller industrial trusts, public service operations, railroads, and banking institutions. <i>National City Bank was the largest of the banks influenced by Standard Oil-Rockefeller</i>, but financial control extended to the United States Trust Company and Hanover National Bank as well as to major life insurance companies — Equitable Life and Mutual of New York. </span></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The great Morgan enterprises were in steel, shipping, and the electrical industry; they included General Electric, the rubber trust, and railroads. Like Rockefeller, Morgan controlled financial corporations — the National Bank of Commerce and the Chase National Bank, New York Life Insurance, and the Guaranty Trust Company. The names J.P. Morgan and Guaranty Trust Company occur repeatedly throughout this book. In the early part of the twentieth century the Guaranty Trust Company was dominated by the Harriman interests. When the elder Harriman (Edward Henry) died in 1909, Morgan and associates bought into Guaranty Trust as well as into Mutual Life and New York Life. In <i>1919 Morgan also bought control of Equitable Life</i>,and the Guaranty Trust Company absorbed an additional six lesser trust companies. Therefore, at the end of World War I the Guaranty Trust and Bankers Trust were, respectively, the first and second largest trust companies in the United States, both dominated by <i>Morgan</i> interests. [emphasis added]</span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">One last reminder before closing this post:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If you want to know who is in control, always follow the money!</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-48187946937775213152013-06-20T11:41:00.003-05:002018-01-12T12:13:16.477-06:00Citigroup's Texas Midwives<div class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieEhPkfCXpxY9BqxFV1tYvQmKsQYZS_uFKrFYhEOpwOs8NuTOvbejisHrzVFoklqTN_xNg2tmeZEiBwmRqOchDZO8wyVSNWAkhyphenhyphenxPXAIQ404bWI2RjO7pBd5ORcuque-zRcV3anVXwH-U/s200/Eric+P.+Swenson.jpg" width="159" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eric P. Swenson</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As we have shown previously, Freeport Sulphur actually owes its <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/citigroups-texas-roots.html">Texas birth</a> to a network of men linked to powerful interests in financial and political forces outside the state, who owned non-liquid assets in Texas they wished to convert into income-producing resources. The first of these network partners was S.M. Swenson and his son <a href="http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/docs/publications/books/franba_ncbny_1914.pdf">Eric P. Swenson</a>, who leveraged their holdings in three areas of Texas into a sub-empire within another then-budding empire set up by James J. Stillman, son of a Connecticut Yankee who made his fortune between 1825 and 1865 in Texas during two wars. <br />
<br />
We will subsequently reveal why James J. Stillman's son did not permanently take charge of his father's empire after his death in 1918. Although he did briefly replace his father as president and chairman of National City Bank in New York, James Alexander Stillman was beset by marital problems, as we will explore later, which diverted his focus from his career, and in 1921 a new chairman of the bank was appointed in his place -- Eric Pierson Swenson -- the same man who would control Freeport Sulphur from its founding in 1912 until he lost control to a Stillman in-law, L.M. Williams, Jr., in 1930. Both the Stillmans and Swensons had long-term connections to Texas and to the National City Bank of New York.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Swenson Roots of Citigroup</span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
Excerpt from C. L. Sonnichsen, Cowboys and Cattle Kings: Life on the Range Today (Norman, OK.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1950), pp. 141-142:<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Click map to enlarge</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #666666;">Swante Magnus Swenson landed at Baltimore in the middle 1830s with no money and no experience except a few months spent in a store. [He was, in fact, a <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/01838/cah-01838.html">bookkeeper</a> for a <a href="http://csx.history.railfan.net/history/histbo.html">railroad in Baltimore</a>.] This, however, was enough to get him a job with a retail firm. He did well. And before long he was sent [by whom?] on a trading expedition to Texas. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #666666;">In 1838, when S. M. made his first trip, that was no week-end excursion. Railroads [in this area, at least] were far in the future. The boat sailed up the Brazos as far as Richmond, and there the real business started. S. M. bought mules and a hack and sold the goods he had brought, traveling all over the parts of Texas that were then settled. Before long he was ready to set up in business for himself, first at Richmond and later [1850], when the capital was moved, in Austin. In time he became the biggest merchant in town, a close friend of Sam Houston's, and a power in the land. <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fja41">Swante Palm</a>, the greatest Swede in Texas, was his uncle, and that undoubtedly helped. [Palm worked in Swenson's general store in La Grange, Fayette County.] All went well until the Civil War broke out. Like Sam Houston, S. M. was not in favor of secession. Sam was big enough to stand the storm, but Swenson "took to the hills." To be specific, he went to Mexico, and one story says that he managed to get a great quantity of contraband cotton across the border and reaped a small fortune.<br /><br />Another legend, still told in the family, says that just before he left he converted all his assets into gold, got his family out of the house by sending them on a picnic, and called in a stone mason. Well, his chimney had been giving him trouble. But when the fireplace was ready to be put back together again, a metal box of gold coins was cemented in beneath the floor. S. M. did not come back to dig it up. When the war ended, he was established in New York. <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fja41">Swante Palm</a> officiated at the exhumation, however, and S. M. got his gold. He invested some of it in a sugar plantation and spent the rest of his life at or between points in Sweden, New York, and Louisiana.</span></div>
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Quoted in a <a href="http://www.swedesintexas.com/getperson.php?personID=I6994&tree=sit0001">Swedes in Texas website</a> from Swedes in Texas in Words and Pictures, English Edition, 1838-1918, the following excerpt helps to fill in a gap about Swenson's life: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">"In his first marriage, Swenson was joined with Mrs. Jeanette Long, widow of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1466907630%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E">Dr. [George] Long</a>. She died after a short time without having had any children. He then married <a href="http://www.swedesintexas.com/showmedia.php?mediaID=3233&medialinkID=1158">Cora S. McCready</a>, a cousin of his first wife. In this marriage, he had two sons, <a href="http://www.swedesintexas.com/getperson.php?personID=I6998&tree=sit0001">Erik</a> [Eric P.] and [S.] Albin, and two daughters, Margareta and Eleonora. The first real home the family had was on the Long plantation where Sugarland is now located, in Fort Bend County, Texas. He got possession of this property through the marriage to his first wife." </span></blockquote>
The company S.M. Swenson founded in New Orleans, before he moved to New York, brought in as a partner another Texan who would serve to be a valuable connection to the Stillman banking family. An heir to the Kenedy Ranch in south Texas, this new banker's father had been a partner of Charles Stillman and <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fki19">Richard King</a> at the close of the Mexican War in 1850:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ev8Lc1284MSPTzc2WMrfw_HAzDv3o2-rCIy4kebycG2-cTl9PFQM10mIm2gymIMSeQ76hg33GKzcTFGx1wNjalUfKLX_GAwdDlF3soJwFdaRxoWB9DMZdZ4c-YxDmvcO5o8TFvSkI60/s1600/Kenedy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ev8Lc1284MSPTzc2WMrfw_HAzDv3o2-rCIy4kebycG2-cTl9PFQM10mIm2gymIMSeQ76hg33GKzcTFGx1wNjalUfKLX_GAwdDlF3soJwFdaRxoWB9DMZdZ4c-YxDmvcO5o8TFvSkI60/s200/Kenedy.jpg" width="163" /></a><span style="color: #666666;">John G. Kenedy [son of <a href="http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exmonvoi.html">Mifflin Kenedy</a>] was born in Brownsville, Texas, April 22, 1856, and was educated at Spring Hill College, Mobile, Alabama. After leaving school in 1873, he accepted a position with Perkins, Swenson & Co., bankers and commission merchants at New Orleans, where he remained several years.... Mr. John G. Kenedy married Miss Marie Turcotte of New Orleans January 30, 1884, and has two children living, John G. Kenedy, Jr., and Sarita Kenedy East.</span></blockquote>
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Swenson's partner, John G. Kenedy, was present, according the local newspaper, at a huge banquet in which railroad builder <a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Drugs/Mask.html">Uriah Lott</a> would be the guest of honor in July 1904 :<br />
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<span style="color: #666666;">Lon C. Hill presided as Toast Master. Besides the tributes paid Col. Lott, many and beautiful expressions of gratitude were addressed by Mrs. H. M. King [wife of founder of King Ranch and mother-in-law of Richard Kleberg], John G. Kenedy, Maj. J. M. Armstrong, and others who contributed so liberally of their money, lands and influence towards the building of the railroad. In addition to the prominent citizens there were present State Senator John G. Willacy, Hon. P. Merrill Griffith, U S. Consul of Matamoros, Hon. John G. Kenedy, Capts. Kilburn and Baldwin of U. S. Army, Royal Givens, President of the Corpus Christi Board of Trade, Hon. Geo. D. Palfrey, Franklin, La., and other distinguished guests. Col. Lott accepted with becoming modesty the many graceful compliments paid him on his success in bringing the St. Louis, Brownville and Mexico road to this city, and also passed out a few boquets [sic] to citizens here for their assistance in the great work.</span></blockquote>
C. L. Sonnichsen excerpt (cont'd):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">In New York he [S.M. Swenson] became an investment banker, associated with such men as Frank Vanderlip and Mortimer Schiff. In Louisiana, where he passed his winters, he kept up one palatial home, and in Sweden he had another for summer use.….<br /><br />The ranch empire which <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/02396/cah-02396.html">A. J. Swenson</a> and his sons have managed for almost half a century does not belong to them. It is the property of a corporation started by S.M. Swenson before he left Texas. He bought <a href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/R?r106:FLD001:E51127">scrip covering railroadlands</a>, purchased additional land, and eventually had three enormous blocks of real estate which he called the Ellerslie, Flat Top, and Throckmorton ranches…<br /><br />In 1880 the new regime came in. E. P. Swenson was the powerhouse of the family from then on until his death in 1942 when he was well over ninety.… Under E.P.'s control the Swensons acquired a fourth ranch at Paducah and finally, in 1906, organized the corporation which bought the huge and historic <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/aps05">Spur Ranch</a> on the high plains at the base of the Texas Panhandle. The stockholders were Vanderlip, Schiff, Emery, and Swenson. Emery owned three-fifths of the stock. The story of the Spur Ranch is one of the great tales of the range—how this empire of grass was taken over by a bunch of New York bankers—how they developed a town in the middle of their holdings and sold off thousands of acres of farmlands between 1910 and 1915—how they combined the sturdy traditions of the Old West with the grim business methods of Wall Street.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Historic Texas Ranches Linked?</b></i></span><br />
<br />
We find the Swenson family had close ties to three geographic regions of Texas (depicted visually in the inset map below): <br />
<ol>
<li>The area west and south of Houston within the old Austin's Colony, which would become the town of Freeport;</li>
<li>The area west of Fort Worth and south of Vernon (adjacent to the Matador Ranch and Waggoner Ranch) where SMS Ranches would have headquarters at Stamford; and</li>
<li>The area between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers that was won from Mexico by the U.S. during the war in 1845, when Texas was annexed by treaty as a state of the Union. </li>
</ol>
Known as the "<a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/aps05">Spur Syndicate,</a>" the Americans who bought the assets of the faltering Espuela Land and Cattle Co. in 1905 and the adjacent Spur Ranch in 1907 consisted of: <br />
<ul>
<li>Eric P. and Swen Albin Swenson of the New York firm of <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fsw14">S.M. Swenson</a> and Sons, </li>
<li><a href="http://www.lerner.udel.edu/sites/default/files/imce/pdf/Econ/seminars/UDelWhyFed.pdf">James J. Stillman</a>,</li>
<li>Sigmund Neustadt (one of four principal partners of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallgarten_%26_Company#cite_note-4">Hallgarten</a> & Co, bankers, which opened a London office in 1912),</li>
<li>John J. Emery (grandson of a Cincinnati <a href="http://www.libraries.uc.edu/research/subject_resources/business/Documents/HenkelCorp.pdf">lard oil refiner</a>/chemical magnate, whose company ultimately became part of National Distillers & Chemical Corp.), and </li>
<li><a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fyo01">Benjamin F. Yoakum</a>. </li>
</ul>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click map to enlarge</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/%7Etxdicken/ranches/espuela.html">Espuela</a> was a cattle-raising entity set up in 1884 in London, managed in Fort Worth, with securities issued and sold abroad to raise funds, but the unpredictable weather and market conditions proved too much for absentee owners. According to author <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0674396669%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E">Mira Wilkins</a> there was a proliferation of mostly Scottish companies between 1880 to 1900 investing in cattle lands. Many of the directorships of these companies interlocked, and managers were often sent to America from Scotland, although ownership of the companies continued to be fragmented. As bonds or debentures came due, creditors' committees were formed by original investors, their heirs or assignees, as well as by creditors, to salvage assets by "winding up" or reorganizing into new companies with stock issued in the new names. It was a complicated process handled under the laws of the states where the land was situated. All the ranches shown on the inset map to the left were in part financed or in some way linked to these interlocking directors, though each ranch was a separately operated entity, each of which saw the importance of developing the old trail drives into a more modern rail distribution system to deliver beef on the hoof to the slaughterhouses located in the vicinity of Chicago.<br />
<br />
Those same packing houses would share a financial interest with the cattle men in obtaining alternative financing from New York and Boston bankers. Initially, they were drawn to Swenson's bank, which operated as a branch of the Moses Taylor establishment which financed important railroads through Texas with help from B.F. Yoakum.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBiWv3Qx3YlniRC0uLvBi3tdlRWJBQSr_KuUblDOSVcHGA9FxC6awJHtZhd6olz7M5CciQEep46tDCEL9e-LFa_XR9i0WJro1cCMtavBgdNsRteWVxUrEEFOveBsx2oCUsQk8-r51HKAY/s1600/House+v.+Faulkner_at+308.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBiWv3Qx3YlniRC0uLvBi3tdlRWJBQSr_KuUblDOSVcHGA9FxC6awJHtZhd6olz7M5CciQEep46tDCEL9e-LFa_XR9i0WJro1cCMtavBgdNsRteWVxUrEEFOveBsx2oCUsQk8-r51HKAY/s320/House+v.+Faulkner_at+308.jpg" width="314" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=my8tAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA308&lpg=PA308&dq=faulkner+vs+house+%22international+railway%22&source=bl&ots=BDVgrYBP_W&sig=pWRgkUVIKgwDyJ2JPFVAJc5sqxE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wWJQUdTjEae32wWWzoD4Bg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=faulkner%20vs%20house%20%22international%20railway%22&f=false" target="_blank"><i>House v. Faulkner</i> at p. 308</a></td></tr>
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Yoakum got his start with Jay Gould's International and Great Northern Railroad, created in 1873 by the merger of the <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=my8tAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA308&lpg=PA308&dq=faulkner+vs+house+%22international+railway%22&source=bl&ots=BDVgrYBP_W&sig=pWRgkUVIKgwDyJ2JPFVAJc5sqxE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wWJQUdTjEae32wWWzoD4Bg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=faulkner%20vs%20house%20%22international%20railway%22&f=false">International Railway Company of T.W. House</a>, and the Houston and Great Northern Railroad. The merger was facilitated by a law enacted by the carpetbagger state legislature in 1875, promising land owned by the state to be used to pay railroad builders to construct the railroad from the southern areas to the northern markets. It was such land grants along railroad lines, or <a href="http://www.glo.texas.gov/what-we-do/history-and-archives/_documents/categories-of-land-grants.pdf">scrip certificates</a> which sold for almost nothing, that S.M. Swenson and English and Scottish investors acquired with the hope of raising cattle on the Texas high plains and rolling plains. Not until oil was discovered under some of these lands did the shareholders see a penny of profit--but that was still many years in the future at this point.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Jay Gould's Octopus-Like Grip on Texas</b></i></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Col. Edward M. House</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Calvin Coolidge would remark just more than a decade after Woodrow Wilson took office that "the chief business of the American people is business." He could just as well have said the chief business of American politics is business, and it would have described the motivations of both parties in getting their men elected to the White House. More than anything else, the machinations of the House political machine in Texas were motivated by his own family's business concerns -- first in Texas, but which ultimately expanded onto the international scene.<br />
<br />
When T.W. House, Sr. died in 1880, his youngest son Edward Mandell House was forced to give up college at Cornell and return to Texas, first spending a year in Italy with his bride. In 1881 Ed House settled his wife and newborn daughter in Austin, the state capital, and became the first real political strategist in the state -- determined to wrest power away from the carpetbagger financiers and create a banking system that allowed southern-born entrepreneurs a stake in national finance. His father's estate, heavily weighted with non-liquid real estate holdings, was assigned for management among the House brothers by category, with the eldest in charge of banking interests, another with the sugar and rice lands in the southern part of the state, and Edward in charge of the estate's cotton plantations in central Texas, as well as with completing the <a href="http://archive.org/stream/realcolonelhouse00lcsmit#page/72/mode/2up">Trinity and Brazos Valley Railroad</a> (T&BV), which was set up to get the cotton to port for distribution. <br />
<br />
By early 1905, negotiations were well underway to sell the 90-mile T&BV -- which had financing from Boston capitalists including T. Jefferson Coolidge, a <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IgwpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=T.+Jefferson+Coolidge+atchison&source=bl&ots=Ykz8dAWcIi&sig=7scGy3UKVtxJ5wBHYJfMXS2QsXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CYNUUfPLOIno2QXoyoDQBw&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=china&f=false">great-grandson of Thomas Jefferson</a> -- to the St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico system then being consolidated by Benjamin Franklin Yoakum. The father of T.J. Coolidge, Sr., <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IgwpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=T.+Jefferson+Coolidge+atchison&source=bl&ots=Ykz8dAWcIi&sig=7scGy3UKVtxJ5wBHYJfMXS2QsXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CYNUUfPLOIno2QXoyoDQBw&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=china&f=false">Joseph Coolidge</a>, had worked with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_Heard_and_Company">Augustine Heard & Co</a>. in Canton, China, in 1839 alongside <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012_08_01_archive.html">John Murray Forbes,</a> who made him president of the Atchison Railroad in 1880. Forbes had poured profits from China (<a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Drugs/Delanos.html">opium</a> being then highly lucrative) into construction of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and was also a <a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Drugs/Mask.html">large investor </a>in the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. The Coolidge and Ed House families each spent summers at Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fyo01">Benjamin Yoakum</a> had been hired as traffic manager for the the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway, chartered by Uriah Lott in 1884, with financing from San Antonio bankers and businessmen. Lott had already by that time built the Corpus Christi, San Diego and Rio Grande line from Corpus Christi to Laredo, largely financed by <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fke23">Mifflin Kenedy.</a> Yoakum was put in charge of the S.A. & A.P. when it was placed in receivership in 1890, while Eric P. Swenson served on its creditors' committee; Swenson in-laws, the Tilghmans, were also investors in this line.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijXrVaEd_LcEi-ZYqvm7rlSP__54C_zWSkRaN85FCTDEstymk3_VGaTXM8mtxD8boaTzBLpKVPWBdpHEqeXaVqSJ4tERwbJBpCac5yGop1jCt33tPxOn4MEPPSOy59NTAkcodltqN90tc/s1600/jg2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijXrVaEd_LcEi-ZYqvm7rlSP__54C_zWSkRaN85FCTDEstymk3_VGaTXM8mtxD8boaTzBLpKVPWBdpHEqeXaVqSJ4tERwbJBpCac5yGop1jCt33tPxOn4MEPPSOy59NTAkcodltqN90tc/s200/jg2.jpg" width="120" /></a><br />
Yoakum's mentor in railroading, Jay Gould of the Missouri Pacific system, entered Texas in about 1880, and he soon acquired control of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company and the International and Great Northern Railroad (I&GN) Company. <br />
<br />
In the fall of 1892 a Galveston Daily News editorial lambasted land-grant legislation enacted 22 years earlier, named Act of the Legislature of the State of Texas, approved March 10, 1875, entitled "An Act for the Relief of the International Railroad Company, now consolidated with the Houston & Great Northern Railroad Company, under the name of the International Great Northern Railroad Company, as shown by Chapter 49. Acts Fourteenth Legislature." The editorial declared that the legislators had "transferred both public lands and public revenue to private hands" and that the "measure worked mischief from the beginning" by distracting the corporate officers from their chartered business of railroading into land speculation. They had engineered a "political craze," led by Governor Richard Coke, followed by <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fho17">James S. Hogg</a>, the attorney general, who, the writer said:<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">"made a grand dramatic display of litigious impetuosity to bear up the work of the former in the land subsidy and tax-exemption arrangement. Then on the heels of that impotent onset he dropped into the celebrated International and Great Northern receivership scheme with a complaisance that challenged universal admiration." </span></blockquote>
Governor Coke facilitated setting up a convention to enact the post-Reconstruction Constitution of 1876, which severely limited powers for both the legislature and the governor, imposed strict control over corporations, and forbade <a href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth296831/m1/68/">land subsidies for railroads</a>. Coke then became a U.S. Senator and campaigned for Attorney General Hogg to be the new governor of Texas, who was elected in 1892 with the behind-the-scenes manipulations of <a href="http://archive.org/stream/realcolonelhouse00lcsmit#page/48/mode/2up/search/hogg">Edward M. House</a>. Hogg was a lawyer who had made it his mission to drive the outside looters from Texas, and determined the way to do that was to use a regulation scheme House had advocated in his anonymously published novel, <a href="http://keyboardmilitia.com/wp-content/uploads/Philip_Dru__Administrator-House.pdf">Philip Dru, Administrator</a>--first focusing on the railroads. According to a <a href="http://www.rrc.state.tx.us/about/history/centennial/centennial02.php">website</a> styled The Railroad Commission of Texas:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">While he was Attorney General, Hogg had taken on the railroads, prosecuting several of them as well as the rate-setting organization of railroads, the Texas Traffic Association, for monopolistic actions and conspiracy to discourage competition. In the race for governor which he won in 1890, Hogg had campaigned for the creation of a commission to regulate the railroads. In just a few decades, the railroads had turned from being the object of enticements by the state and many communities to being an object of derision. Why this change?...<br /><br />In the Eastern United States, the railroads followed the people, connecting already existing population centers. In most of Texas, it was the other way around. From the time of the Republic, it was a recognized policy to set about attracting settlers from back east and the countries of Europe. One way to do that was to have a transportation system already in place. But, railroads are heavily capital intensive--it took a lot of money to do the necessary grading, buy and install the ties and rails, purchase the steam locomotives and cars. Since the companies did not want to invest if there was no market--no people and no goods--the state sweetened the pot by land grants, bond issuances, and loans. </span></blockquote>
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With the success that came from regulating railroads in favor of Texas consumers rather than Eastern capitalists, House and his associates broadened their interests and decided to expand Texas' influence nationally. By the fall of 1912, House had succeeded in finding his own malleable candidate and making him President--Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat from Virginia, then living in New Jersey. The same year he published a novel titled Philip Dru, Administrator, written under the name Anonymous, whose author would not be disclosed until 1918. A review of the pedantic tract, from Walter Lippmann, calls it a "didactic novel" intending to show an unknown "insider's" plans for America's future. <br />
<br />
During his days in the state capital in Austin, Edward House had become close socially with James S. Hogg and W.T. Campbell of Lampasas, as well as with members of the Cruger banking family, though still maintaining ties with his mother's Shearn family, from Houston, and with his <a href="http://www.munsons-of-texas.net/c12.html">sister's family</a> (the Caldwells and Munsons from the old Texian Republic days). These mostly hidden ties would become part of the deep political roots lying beneath the 1913 Federal Reserve Act in Texas.<br />
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Before the Swensons could hope to extract and export sulphur from the area it was believed to exist, they determined a need to build a distribution infrastructure into and out of that isolated location, a project best accomplished by linking themselves to an existing transportation network--the Gould system. <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Northern Bankers Invest War Profits in Texas Railroad</b></i></span></span><br />
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The Galveston Daily News wrote in their April 8, 1914 edition that the Houston & Brazos Valley Railroad Company, operated by the Missouri, Kansas & Texas (MKT) Railroad, and the Freeport Terminal Company, also operated by the "Katy," as the MKT was called, met for its annual board meeting in Freeport to elect officers and directors. At that time, Eric Swenson was a vice president of the H&BV but not a member of the Freeport Terminal board.<br />
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Swenson originally headed to New York via New Orleans in the early days of secession, less than five years before Charles Stillman, from an old <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/citigroups-texas-roots.html">Connecticut family</a>, retired to Hartford. Stillman, it will be <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/citigroups-texas-roots.html">recalled</a>, had been one of the first to invest in Texas when it was still part of Mexico, he and two of his brothers spending several decades during the middle of the nineteenth century capturing much of the shipping and mining wealth accruing from two wars. Once the civil war ended, however, he returned to spend the last ten years of his life in Connecticut. <br />
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James J. Stillman, though born to Charles and his wife in Texas, spent his youth in Connecticut with his mother, but he reached adulthood after Charles was back with the family. James Jewett Stillman was the only one of Charles Stillman's six children to marry (his wife was Elizabeth Pamela Goodrich). A daughter, born in 1876, was given the name of his eldest sister, Isabel Goodrich Stillman (called "Aunt Bell"), and a son was named Chauncey for Charles' <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OysijLuhS8UC&pg=PA347&lpg=PA347&dq=%22chauncey+stillman%22+cleveland+ohio&source=bl&ots=KgOmJbwevM&sig=d0pHlVKOV_-3KrHnw7hWzrrFuZk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bA_UcjGE-Kz2gWN-4GgBw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=chauncey&f=false">own brother</a> who lived in Cleveland, Ohio--this according to the book written by Chauncey Devereaux Stillman, which was published in 1956. <br />
<br />
James Jewett Stillman, named for a business associate of his father's in New York, was born in 1850 and his sister a year or two later, at which time their mother took them back to Connecticut, to live near her sister in Hartford, while Charles remained in Brownsville except to visit them there from time to time, usually in the summer. During the 1850's letters to his brother in Cleveland mentioned mining interests he was acquiring in Mexico, by then defeated in the the war which followed the annexation of Texas.<br />
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In his letters to his wife Charles Stillman also wrote about his partnerships with men who owned huge ranches in the part of Texas over which the war with Mexico was fought--the Nueces Strip lying south of the Nueces River.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1 class="a-size-large a-spacing-none" role="main">
<span style="font-size: small;">Charles Stillman, 1810-1875
</span></h1>
<div class="a-section a-spacing-mini" id="olpProductByline">
by Chauncey Devereux Stillman (Author)
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Kenedy and Co.'s monopoly on the shipping trade ended when the civil war officially began, but by then all the partners were extremely wealthy, both in money and land. During the war Charles Stillman transferred all his assets from Brownsville to Matamoros, on the Mexican side of the border, putting his ships under Mexican registry. The U.S. government instituted a blockade of all Southern ports to prevent goods being shipped to or from those locations. Stillman used his ships to load Texan and other southern exports, especially cotton, which was bound for textile mills in England. He paid the Southern growers for the cotton, but the profit came when he delivered it to the foreign buyers who credited his account in the bank in New York City. <br />
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Charles' death which came in 1875, when his son was 25, gave James the task of consolidating and converting the family's Texas holdings by forming a cotton brokerage business in New York. Swenson had begun operations in New York as early as 1860 as cotton broker and banker for southern planters. Of course, it was the blockade runners who made the highest profits, but the men like Swenson who handled their accounts in the financial center also made out well.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>Charles Stillman's Son </b></i></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPdeFyTOmWOpsZFE8a1dcFQMtHBoTJx0xEpDsjiF6QbRYJazywvxpSlA-VdOHHnJJbXWbkkpUJkbGZWTB1uXhPGP3kfjc3qUjmqVKem6-299934PTnNp7dW58IYlkqfKpz3e2c27CpB4Q/s1600/mosestaylor.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPdeFyTOmWOpsZFE8a1dcFQMtHBoTJx0xEpDsjiF6QbRYJazywvxpSlA-VdOHHnJJbXWbkkpUJkbGZWTB1uXhPGP3kfjc3qUjmqVKem6-299934PTnNp7dW58IYlkqfKpz3e2c27CpB4Q/s200/mosestaylor.jpg" width="175" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.societysecrets.com/2012/03/forming-federal-reserve-bank-london-connection/" target="_blank">Moses Taylor</a></td></tr>
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<a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0911FE3B5F1B7A93C4A81788D85F4C8185F9">James J. Stillman</a>, intriguingly, entered banking under the wing of Moses Taylor, a heavy investor in the Houston and Texas Central Railroad. Other investors in this road included a Massachusetts-born man, William Marsh Rice, who had made his wealth in Texas during the same era as Thomas W. House (father of Edward Mandell House) and S.M. Swenson, who arrived in the Republic of Texas from Sweden a decade after Charles Stillman went to Mexico. Rice was often, like Swenson, accused of favoring the Union cause, but he did not pack up his money and leave Texas until years after the Swede had gone north.<br />
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Rice did not follow Swenson to New York until after his first wife died. While she lived, he worked from Houston to complete the railroad, which her father, <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fbr39">Paul Bremond</a>, had founded for the purpose of transporting cotton from central Texas to a port they wanted to create in Houston. Bremond selected Rice as a director of his Houston and Texas Central Railroad company in 1872, along with himself and James J. Stillman's mentor, Moses Taylor.<br />
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<br />
Other directors of the H & T.C Railroad included the following men: <br />
<ul><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpulmqZCzBcrEN3bR-cu3taDuq-45xvebipixGGRMVS24N4qq0P0SZHOtx9p0wqNuMs2gjGWUuA18pjLatACr1m5b8tlnYBY6JlJLV6SznQDTK25KUVPqtsJoby8NvkpuIL9qKpkfjA44/s1600/HTC+RR_Rice_1872.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpulmqZCzBcrEN3bR-cu3taDuq-45xvebipixGGRMVS24N4qq0P0SZHOtx9p0wqNuMs2gjGWUuA18pjLatACr1m5b8tlnYBY6JlJLV6SznQDTK25KUVPqtsJoby8NvkpuIL9qKpkfjA44/s320/HTC+RR_Rice_1872.jpg" width="320" /></a></ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.goldenmap.com/William_E._Dodge">William Earl Dodge</a> (born in Hartford, Connecticut before moving to New York in 1818) established Phelps, Dodge & Co. for his wife's father, <a href="http://www.phelpsfamilyhistory.com/bios/anson_g_phelps.asp">Anson G. </a><a href="http://www.phelpsfamilyhistory.com/bios/anson_g_phelps.asp">Phelps</a>, while his father built a cotton factory in Connecticut. The family had links to the <a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Drugs/Delanos.html">Greens and Lows</a>, who were also involved in opium trade in China with Joseph Coolidge. </li>
<li><a href="http://www.visitpearlandtexas.us/index.cfm?p=14&b=13">W.J. Hutchins</a>, a Galveston banker; </li>
<li><a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqh14">Abraham Groesbeeck</a> (born in New York around 1830, who was a large investor in Houston business, including the hotel purchased by, and later named for, William M. Rice), </li>
<li><a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fen05">Cornelius Ennis</a>, and </li>
<li><a href="http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2010/04/26/newscolumn1.html">William R. Baker</a>, associated with the Houston and Texas Central Railroad in 1852 and later mayor of Houston, he was one of the partners in a wholesale firm in Houston with <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=84660829">Sam. K. McIlhenny</a>, Benjamin. A. Botts, Walter B. Botts, Wm. M. Rice, Fred. A. Rice and Wm. D. Cleveland.</li>
</ul>
<ul></ul>
It should be pointed out that Swenson was obviously not an investor with Rice or Moses Taylor in 1872, nor was Stillman, who was still a mere trainee at Moses Taylor's City Bank. It was not until after the Galveston hurricane of 1900 that things would begin to change for both the Swenson and Stillman families--the same year, incidentally--that William M. Rice was murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-7600487726969848892013-04-18T13:00:00.001-05:002015-10-08T08:05:14.463-05:00For Whom Does "the CIA" Really Work?<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">With this post we <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2013/03/war-is-big-business.html" target="_blank">continue to explore</a> connections mentioned by </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">JFK assassination researcher Lisa Pease, author of "</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">David Atlee Phillips, Clay Shaw and Freeport Sulphur," who focused on the sulphur company during times it was headed by John Hay "Jock" Whitney. Originally published in <i>Probe</i>, <a href="http://www.realhistoryarchives.com/collections/hidden/freeport-cuba.htm" target="_blank">Pease's article</a> discusses Freeport Sulphur's international nature as well as its close ties to happenings in Cuba during the time JFK was President. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Valuable in the insight Pease's article gives us into the role of the Central Intelligence Agency's use of Freeport Sulphur, nevertheless it does not ask who really owns and operates the CIA itself. Perhaps looking back deeper into the company and its formative years will help in answering that question.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Who Was Jock Whitney?</span></span></b></i><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Jock's father was <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/node/750">William Payne Whitney</a>, commonly known simply as Payne. As a youngster, Payne Whitney was caught in a feud between his father and his mother's brother, Oliver Payne, following her death in 1893. Promised a share of Oliver's wealth, he turned against his own father, who had married <a href="http://www.blogger.com/null">Edith Randolph, </a>a woman scorned by the Payne family, whom he had been seeing before his wife died. According to the <a href="http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/node/750">New York Social Diary</a> website:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJF3-9FvihscXfCx-1_YsLWvFvQg9GkvAo8a2wbWqrwVOJV1xNJxvcsWZ8PMAADuMdToN6uc6sukgDnH8A-dIWdYKSWacRPOlRMo26gjf8v30MT-j-MgLUfIaVt5NP0RFKGSBPuHzNNSg/s1600/JockBetseyWhitney.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJF3-9FvihscXfCx-1_YsLWvFvQg9GkvAo8a2wbWqrwVOJV1xNJxvcsWZ8PMAADuMdToN6uc6sukgDnH8A-dIWdYKSWacRPOlRMo26gjf8v30MT-j-MgLUfIaVt5NP0RFKGSBPuHzNNSg/s200/JockBetseyWhitney.gif" width="156" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jock and Betsy Cushing Whitney</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In 1902 [William Collins] Whitney’s son, Payne Whitney, who’d sided with Oliver Payne, married Helen Hay from Cleveland, Ohio. Miss Hay was the daughter of John Hay who had been private secretary to President Lincoln and later Ambassador to the Court of St. James under President McKinley. Mr. Whitney who, like his father, went to Yale, was 26. For a wedding gift, Col. Payne gave the couple a Stanford White house at 972 Fifth Avenue.... After the Second World War, he started an investment fund, run by a friend he’d met in the War, to invest in new ideas of the men coming back from the War. He called it Adventure Capital and later dropped the “ad” to coin the now established term: venture capital. He was known for his ventures in Hollywood (“Gone With the Wind”), his industrious ventures, as well as being the last publisher of The New York Herald-Tribune.... Like his grandfather, he was also the Ambassador to the Court of St. James (under Eisenhower). Married twice, first to a beauty who loved horses more, and finally to Betsey Cushing Roosevelt, daughter of the famous brain surgeon Harvey Cushing, first wife of FDR’s son’s James, to whom he [Jock] remained married to the end of his life.... The <a href="http://www.oldlongisland.com/2012/02/greentree.html" target="_blank">Payne fortune</a>, inherited by Payne Whitney, and then his children, grew far larger than the fortune left by William C. Whitney to his children. That was partly due to the fact that Harry Payne Whitney and Gertrude Vanderbilt produced more offspring who produced more offspring. Jock Whitney produced no off-spring, and his investments after the War catapulted him (and partially his sister [Joan Whitney Payson]) into the realm of what are now billions.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66T0AhPq3Hckc49i-a20-n1mgO2-TZTt1j2CYeAKxh4YxrxxmAltUbhBCilyPzFoCVfyE8eTV_5IgCTIDbmPlG53w-12gJCNaP0WT6kT-6BW8NYrJ8Qm-CJzb-qB5pv0IMSOqpcxMDA8/s1600/972+5th.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66T0AhPq3Hckc49i-a20-n1mgO2-TZTt1j2CYeAKxh4YxrxxmAltUbhBCilyPzFoCVfyE8eTV_5IgCTIDbmPlG53w-12gJCNaP0WT6kT-6BW8NYrJ8Qm-CJzb-qB5pv0IMSOqpcxMDA8/s200/972+5th.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">972 Fifth Avenue mansion</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Payne Whitney had inherited his uncle's huge mansion in New York, and the 1920 census shows Jock and Joan living there with their parents--only four people at 972 Fifth Avenue--being cared for by fifteen servants, none of whom were American-born. Payne's business address, 14 Wall Street, was the Bankers Trust Company, set up by the White and Case law firm in 1903, and was controlled by J.P. Morgan affiliates in the days prior to the creation of the Federal Reserve banking system. Before 1930 Morgan bankers controlled United States government policy on currency. According to economist <a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard66.html">Murray Rothbard</a>, the first governor of the New York Federal Reserve Bank was:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Benjamin Strong, who had spent virtually his entire business and personal life in the circle of top associates of J.P. Morgan. A secretary of several trust companies (banks doing trust business) in New York City, Strong became neighbor and close friend of three top Morgan partners, Henry P. Davison, Dwight Morrow, and Thomas W. Lamont. Davison, in particular, became his mentor, and brought him into Morgan's Bankers Trust company, where he soon succeeded Lamont as vice-president, and then finally became president. When Strong was offered the post of Governor of the New York Fed, it was Davison who persuaded him to take the job....The main collaboration throughout the 1920s, much of it kept secret from the Federal Reserve Board in Washington, was between Strong and the man who soon became Governor of the Bank of England, <a href="http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/Pages/history/archive/digitalimages/archive/mnorman.aspx">Montagu Collet Norman</a>. Norman and Strong were not only fast friends, but had important investment-banking ties, Norman's uncle having been a partner of the great English banking firm of Baring Brothers, and his grandfather a partner in the international banking house of Brown Shipley and Co., the London branch of the Wall Street banking firm of Brown Brothers. Before coming to the Bank of England, Norman himself had worked at the Wall Street office of Brown Brothers, and then returned to London to become a partner of Brown Shipley.</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Role of Brown Brothers Harriman</span></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />Montagu Norman had been<a href="http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Banks/Tragedy_Hope_excerpt.html"> called</a> "the currency dictator of Europe" by the Wall Street Journal in 1927. Thus, when the U.S. government witnessed the decline of the Brown Brothers investment bank in 1926, it felt the need to shore it up with an infusion of capital and turned to the two Yale educated sons of robber baron E.H. Harriman to do so. Averell and Roland (Bunny) Harrison were the Skull and Bones friends and eventual partners of Prescott Sheldon Bush, the father and grandfather of two future presidents.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">It is no coincidence that America's earliest attempts at setting up intelligence agencies called upon the talents of the sons of Wall Street bankers. Idealistic principles often fall by the wayside when big money is involved, and it is the wealthy elitists who think they have the most to lose in the games played in international market manipulations. The poor have only their lives, and are often treated as cannon fodder by such elitists on every front.</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsDzeKBVe_47g0takj80g870cmkD47z7IDoxqtwyY_Ebk7Uo5ZMbWxgpzPYIh1I6ueaO8rxapnQZHxgYumkuIw9tHbteFgcDu4G5OG8onqyAKhhk4aPJaMmN6mr9-vL3Yhyu9rwrS4Q6U/s1600/Montagu+Norman_BIS_1930.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsDzeKBVe_47g0takj80g870cmkD47z7IDoxqtwyY_Ebk7Uo5ZMbWxgpzPYIh1I6ueaO8rxapnQZHxgYumkuIw9tHbteFgcDu4G5OG8onqyAKhhk4aPJaMmN6mr9-vL3Yhyu9rwrS4Q6U/s640/Montagu+Norman_BIS_1930.jpg" width="435" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In the years between the two "great" wars the Brown Brothers partner, Montagu Norman, was actively concerned with handling Germany's reparations payments, working with the first head of the Bank for International Settlements, Gates McGarrah, whose grandson, Richard McGarrah Helms, would later head the Central Intelligence Agency. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Within six months after the above photos appeared in the news, Norman had found the perfect rich kids to entice with the power of helping to run the world. Their father's death in September 1909, when the boys were mere teenagers, had been the top headline in newspapers throughout America. Their mentor became the man most trusted by their father to run his business, Robert Scott Lovett, who would see that the boys were educated at Yale alongside his own son, Robert Abercrombie Lovett. All would rise to power in the government as the second great war approached, with help from their brothers in Skull and Bones. </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-chOwsda00wALt0Zvs1607782tSr7Ob4dMxJmoDJKipalWxXpgZ_k-sgr7geaCy8upf2aDpiDtuJNZX3F3lNw8VARddvHoEEKDWHg618k69y5U8nvO_8ALuSzDVle7igIo4QcuZoHoTM/s1600/boysintheoffice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-chOwsda00wALt0Zvs1607782tSr7Ob4dMxJmoDJKipalWxXpgZ_k-sgr7geaCy8upf2aDpiDtuJNZX3F3lNw8VARddvHoEEKDWHg618k69y5U8nvO_8ALuSzDVle7igIo4QcuZoHoTM/s1600/boysintheoffice.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prescott Bush, center, with Brown Brothers Harriman partners--Bunny Harriman, Knight Woolley, and R.A. Lovett</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">By following the money, you often learn how the world really operates, who works for whom, so to speak.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Oliver Stone relates in his book, <i>The Untold History of the United States</i>:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Prominent among the American capitalists with ties to Nazi counterparts was Prescott Bush, the father of one president and grandfather of another. Researchers have been trying for years to determine the precise nature of Bush's ties to Fritz Thyssen, the wealthy German industrialist who played a crucial role in bankrolling Hitler, as revealed in his 1941 memoirs <i>I Paid Hitler</i>. Thyssen ultimately repudiated the Nazi dictator and was himself imprisoned.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">While incarcerated, Thyssen's vast wealth was protected overseas, much of it by the investment firm of Brown Brothers Harriman, through the holding company Union Banking Corporation. The account was managed by senior partner Prescott Bush. </span></span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/current/swflash.cab" height="250px" id="Player_1c6a1c6d-cb03-41d6-8e5a-9a8fc0a3cf55" width="300px"> <param NAME="movie" VALUE="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?rt=ss_ssw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822%2FUS%2Fquixot-20%2F8003%2F1c6a1c6d-cb03-41d6-8e5a-9a8fc0a3cf55&Operation=GetDisplayTemplate"><param NAME="quality" VALUE="high"><param NAME="bgcolor" VALUE="#FFFFFF"><param NAME="allowscriptaccess" VALUE="always"><embed src="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?rt=ss_ssw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822%2FUS%2Fquixot-20%2F8003%2F1c6a1c6d-cb03-41d6-8e5a-9a8fc0a3cf55&Operation=GetDisplayTemplate" id="Player_1c6a1c6d-cb03-41d6-8e5a-9a8fc0a3cf55" quality="high" bgcolor="#ffffff" name="Player_1c6a1c6d-cb03-41d6-8e5a-9a8fc0a3cf55" allowscriptaccess="always" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" align="middle" height="250px" width="300px"></embed></OBJECT> <noscript><a HREF="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?rt=ss_ssw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822%2FUS%2Fquixot-20%2F8003%2F1c6a1c6d-cb03-41d6-8e5a-9a8fc0a3cf55&Operation=NoScript">Amazon.com Widgets</A></noscript></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">About ten years younger than the Harriman boys, Jock
Whitney and his sister sat atop a huge pile of money which they would make available to those
in power engaged in manipulation of international currency. </span></span>Although Jock went to Yale, he was tapped for Scroll and Key, rather than the Bones secret society, and was a mere two years behind Scroll and Key member </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">James Stillman Rockefeller (son of Elsie Stillman and William G. Rockefeller), </span></span></span>whose Uncle Percy, married </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">in 1901</span></span></span> to Elsie's sister Isabel Stillman, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">was a member of the Skull and Bones class of 1900. Only a year after his Yale graduation, James Stillman Rockefeller had united fortunes with the Carnegies by marrying the niece of the steel magnate whose fortune had been liquidated by the Morgan bank. Five years later, Chase Manhattan bank would acquire the Equitable Trust, another Morgan affiliate--thus shifting control of the New York Fed in 1930 from Morgan to Rockefeller-owned banks at the same time Freeport Sulphur's control shifted under the leadership of Langbourne Williams, Jr., a Stillman son-in-law, as will be detailed in the next installment.</span></span></span></span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-26807389106826689442013-04-01T12:04:00.000-05:002013-04-02T09:40:41.408-05:00Government by Contract<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">If
<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/05/model-for-funding-covert-ops.html" target="_blank">Jesse Jones served as the “bridge”</a> between the purposes of the Democratic Party
in the 1930s and the source of funds to accomplish such purposes, those initially "egalitarian" purposes quickly disintegrated into a factional grab for
government succor—much as a newly born puppies fight amongst themselves in
competition for access to their mother’s teats. Being "connected" came to mean the ability to manipulate the system that chose which contractors </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">would perform the services the government's policy planners ordained. Eventually that would lead to planning the policy around the desire for the income from the contracts. That is, naturally, how democracy works. </span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">An Unbridled Administrator</span></i></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The New Deal was merely an updated continuation of the unfinished agenda begun
by the previous Democratic President, Woodrow Wilson—interrupted by Republicans
Coolidge, Harding and Hoover.
An outline of that platform had conveniently been set forth for us in a
pathetically-written novel, originally published anonymously shortly before the
1912 election, whose author was revealed in the spring of 1916 to be none other
than the mysterious little man from Texas known as Colonel House. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">In <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1453621180%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Philip Dru, Administrator</i></a>
House laid out his plans for an efficiently run new world order—a model for
rule by a beneficent executive officer in whose hands power would be
centralized. The legislative agenda necessary to accomplish that ideal
government was systematically put in place during the Woodrow Wilson
administration (1913-1921) through enactment of:</span></div>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5hlaHF2Y7HctP-GchpjJOOJMRa7zbNdFCXwJZMR-dRrUzro18Ul7ryV8zZAUMJqoYk4_PK3BWpOo40iAjcAcUFERc_Rg_mJ31eQN28f6kawac-xAmOaTxkMSYfZW2AFgLTAUsExQ4VPo/s1600/House_FDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5hlaHF2Y7HctP-GchpjJOOJMRa7zbNdFCXwJZMR-dRrUzro18Ul7ryV8zZAUMJqoYk4_PK3BWpOo40iAjcAcUFERc_Rg_mJ31eQN28f6kawac-xAmOaTxkMSYfZW2AFgLTAUsExQ4VPo/s320/House_FDR.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click image to enlarge.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Federal
Reserve Banking System (Owen-Glass Act, signed December 23, 1913) and<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The progressive
federal income tax (Sixteenth Amendment, U.S. Constitution, ratified February 3, 1913).</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The motive behind the Wilson agenda, to control
the masses without upsetting the applecart, was reflected on the title page of
House’s novel:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">"No war of classes, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">no hostility to
existing wealth</i>, no wanton or unjust violation of the rights of property,
but a constant disposition to ameliorate the condition of the classes least
favored by fortune." --Giuseppe Mazzini <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl3ot-2X9hb2Q51sl3F7QOoe52HIi7eVxRFYJ3zeAZcEmwGeiBDXj3HaKyG3a9ozeVUXaL891HN6J-r9cs3K4cdr9HXi3U9ge4s63-9DXQLEqO7u9ylX8yzQVlVSwnIRenOFTGGBCoICs/s1600/spider+plant.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl3ot-2X9hb2Q51sl3F7QOoe52HIi7eVxRFYJ3zeAZcEmwGeiBDXj3HaKyG3a9ozeVUXaL891HN6J-r9cs3K4cdr9HXi3U9ge4s63-9DXQLEqO7u9ylX8yzQVlVSwnIRenOFTGGBCoICs/s200/spider+plant.jpg" width="185" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An organic metaphor</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">In this paper, we will observe the results of that effort to make the executive
branch of government, delineated by the U.S. Constitution to be only one of
three co-equal branches of government, into what it is today — a centralized
clearinghouse capable of obtaining natural resources and redistributing them by
means of an oligarchical administrative system in which a bureaucracy contracts
with corporations set up by factions within the financial elite. That clearinghouse function is best illustrated by picturing a spider plant. Over time, an elected executive government, headed by the U.S. President, has spun
off various unelected and unaccountable offshoots to evolve into a bureaucratic infrastructure through which, like the initial plant, distributes
its gathered resources. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Model</i></b><br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">House
was assisted in his effort to set up a central bank by other behind-the-scenes advisers (in a curtain-behind-the-curtain
sleight-of-hand maneuver), the most important of which was the German Jewish
banker Paul Warburg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1907 Warburg met
Senator Nelson Aldrich, who “visited [Jacob Schiff’s office at] Kuhn, Loeb to
ask how the Reichsbank issued treasury bills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Schiff didn’t know and summoned Paul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time Aldrich left, an enthusiastic Paul mused, ‘There marches
national bank currency and there goes currency reform.’” <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
The distribution clearinghouse Warburg designed, which was modified by Congress
before final passage, is comprised of an elite class of bankers who are
shareholders of the private centralized banking system granted power in 1913 — a class
whose ultimate goal is to break free of any legislative or judicial constraints
and to govern the country much as Philip Dru was allowed to do in Col. House’s warped
imagination. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>The bankers operate within
twelve separate regions of the country, each of which is governed by a separate
governing board.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-bxsOkRN2xk0hxn0ZJ5MusliLzFhbkjKW0EBjvfInV6blZW0Yihwt9DRZoQoZNpFY8I9L4CKNE-0_V498-ZmKntqP_86GpUJ1vv446JTE1vadf_XFVeIiU0flbX3DXtaSEUgRhbUfwY/s1600/Jones_buddha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-bxsOkRN2xk0hxn0ZJ5MusliLzFhbkjKW0EBjvfInV6blZW0Yihwt9DRZoQoZNpFY8I9L4CKNE-0_V498-ZmKntqP_86GpUJ1vv446JTE1vadf_XFVeIiU0flbX3DXtaSEUgRhbUfwY/s200/Jones_buddha.jpg" width="148" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jesse Jones, super man?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Col.
House’s challenge after the Act was passed (but before the system was actually
operating to its full extent) was to put in place the administrative
infrastructure he had laid out in his book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>As individuals in power tend to
do, he sought expertise for his experiment only from his inner circle of
acquaintances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesse Jones states in his
autobiography that, though he had refused House’s repeated </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">summonses to Washington
throughout the Wilson Administration, he finally gave in to the entreaties
because his country needed him to help alleviate the symptoms of the depression;
Jones thus viewed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">himself</i> as the
ideal administrator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once Roosevelt replaced him, Jones’ support for the New Deal
waned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, once the
legislation had been enacted and forced down the throat of the Supreme Court,
the enhanced administrative power given the executive branch remained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Acting as the financial hub of the New Deal government of Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Jones distributed “Fifty Billion Dollars,” according to the title of
his autobiography, though it has never been clear how that money was
created.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While Jones was head of the
Reconstruction Finance Corporation he had the power to dole out and deny
contracts to individuals and corporations in order to keep the masses employed
so as not to be engaged in revolutionary activity against the existing power
structure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Upon his return to Houston in
1946, he would not only continue his commercial real estate develop business,
but would work through his <a href="http://www.houstonendowment.org/About/About.aspx" target="_blank">Houston Endowment Foundation</a> to set up a secret method to finance intelligence operations
which will be discussed in a future essay. <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Secret
Visionaries</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">One
platform plank remained unfulfilled by the end of Wilson’s term of office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although it would take another world war to gain
approval for that goal — which, incidentally, helped to further the international
banking ideal desired by the Bank for International Settlements in Switzerland — Wilson was still hopeful
he could achieve that goal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In order to
draft a constitution for the League of Nations,
he appointed a four-main committee chaired by Col. House and named another man,
like Warburg, from a German Jewish background, as adviser to the
committee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Louis Beer, whose
father Julius Beer lived next door to Swiss-born Meyer Guggenheim and his son
William on West 77<sup>th</sup>
Street in New
York,<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> [4]</span></span></span></span>
used his knowledge of British imperial and colonial policy to develop a
constitution for world government along similar lines. <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was <span class="stnd">chief of the colonial
division of the American delegation at the Paris Peace Conference and in charge
of helping to draft the mandates for the administration of the former German
colonies.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyJ4YGY8Q2_spoLmc4nEqInRQfuX2yEPWmGNPmW5z74efMevQj7yiOVAfVX9602PH7Ok6bz_yDlcBDcHt4jhB8XD6R1Lz1JMoyacHqAmSdf9UHifOm1IS0-L-oX4H1cDQrv5eBibbOvCY/s1600/Guggenheims.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyJ4YGY8Q2_spoLmc4nEqInRQfuX2yEPWmGNPmW5z74efMevQj7yiOVAfVX9602PH7Ok6bz_yDlcBDcHt4jhB8XD6R1Lz1JMoyacHqAmSdf9UHifOm1IS0-L-oX4H1cDQrv5eBibbOvCY/s200/Guggenheims.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Just as a plant absorbs its required nutrients from the soil, </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">the
Guggenheim family </span>had
been </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">instrumental in acquiring for the </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> scarce minerals necessary for the nation’s strategic
purposes — coinage, weapons manufacture, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of the scarcity and the expense in obtaining those minerals, the
Guggenheims therefore occupied a powerful position in America at the
turn of the century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having been a
member of the Jewish clique which included an
assortment of Jewish bankers in Kuhn, Loeb and other Wall Street firms, George
Louis Beer understood the importance of such strategic metals in banking and
world trade. <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His family maintained connections among the
Jewish banking community which moved from one nation to the next, setting up
centralized banking systems which could act within a global clearinghouse in an
attempt to stabilize each nation to maintain control over its currency .<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The
Texas Network</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Like
Col. House, Jesse Jones greased a political machine composed of Texans with
whom he had been associated in business and banking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the network to which they gave power
which maintains power today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is that
network that explains <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">who</i> Halliburton
is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without understanding the past, we
can never hope to understand the current power structure — how it thinks and how
it works.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">We
can identify the network by its components — the businesses in which its
constituents were engaged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The purpose
of the “administrator” is to distribute the government’s money to those
businesses, assuring the network that it will not need to compete with the same
type of businesses not controlled by the network.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since money usually determines the outcomes
of elections, the network sets up its own method of bypassing the law in order
to funnel money to its candidates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bush II's administration used Jack Abramoff and Tom DeLay in that role.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Vice
President Dick Cheney’s primary function was to distribute contracts to his old
employer, Halliburton, as well as to lay the groundwork for the pretext
necessary to get the United
States involved in a war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can it really be that simple?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The best way to answer that question is to
examine and analyze the governing boards of Halliburton throughout its
history — a time-consuming process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In “<a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Halliburton.html" target="_blank">TheHalliburton Riddle</a>,” we stated:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Connally,
Rumsfeld, Cheney and Armstrong — of those four, three would serve as directors of
Halliburton. The fourth, Rumsfeld, as Secretary of Defense would help George W.
Bush engineer the war in Iraq, to Halliburton’s benefit,” thus intimating that
there is a definite connection between that corporate clique and the policy
decisions being made in the White House, and that, to a great degree, those
policy decisions are concerned primarily with trade deficits and currency
stabilization — issues with which the United States has been dealing throughout
its history.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0iTT_zfPUXbbdlI944GcBWNCG0sTNJGd3xx1nojwRCpnoGcWbJQgbE-lMtHR2rdbfITFrm_Z5goLD9bqfiXKhWao0m1oJpy7d6pnGzd4mUnMSReaosOcDJv0kz0Pp1AiTfDFEP9Zespg/s1600/Fed+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0iTT_zfPUXbbdlI944GcBWNCG0sTNJGd3xx1nojwRCpnoGcWbJQgbE-lMtHR2rdbfITFrm_Z5goLD9bqfiXKhWao0m1oJpy7d6pnGzd4mUnMSReaosOcDJv0kz0Pp1AiTfDFEP9Zespg/s320/Fed+map.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Federal Reserve System regions</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The State of Texas
houses one of the twelve district banks that operate the Federal Reserve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Located in Dallas, it controls all banks in Texas, southern New Mexico and northern Louisiana.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Texans have always resented their
subservience to Eastern capital, always searching for a way to avoid having to
go to New York
or Boston to
sell their bonds or issue new corporate stock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Jesse Jones headed the RFC, he made sure that his friends back home
were not neglected, and those friends liked having one of their own as the
nation’s chief banker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Although
Jones had, in 1917 been one of the initial incorporators of Houston-based
Humble Oil Company (a majority of whose stock was secretly, and illegally,
owned by Standard Oil of New Jersey), he sold his stock when began work for the
Red Cross at the end of World War I.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
co-founders, however, because of Texas’
importance as a resource for petroleum and natural gas, would eventually see
themselves in the chairmanship of Standard Oil of New Jersey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would also gain access to the board of Houston’s prestigious Rice University,
patterned along the lines of Princeton, where
Jersey Standard was originally headquartered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The founders would also control a major segment of the beef producing
industry — with its King Ranch in South Texas
performing a dual function as cattle raiser and oil producer (having leased its
land to Humble Oil, which found huge oil fields there). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgncVcgDejQTNQZCXg0Qjic8jCV6kEu3MtigYhtaUBoP3BCDDHdjEG9ny1CAAuFMofS6LGHwMCYsNPaEmKxQoLw5FSNZkZRR4_7e_KmesdPl2iuulVHM_h0Te4pKqBB41GHkcAH1ASn2L8/s1600/LBJ_horse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgncVcgDejQTNQZCXg0Qjic8jCV6kEu3MtigYhtaUBoP3BCDDHdjEG9ny1CAAuFMofS6LGHwMCYsNPaEmKxQoLw5FSNZkZRR4_7e_KmesdPl2iuulVHM_h0Te4pKqBB41GHkcAH1ASn2L8/s200/LBJ_horse.jpg" width="131" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">It was, in fact, a scion of the King Ranch — Congressman Richard Mifflin
Kleberg — who gave Jesse Jones’ replacement as head of the Texas network his
first job in Washington, D.C. in 1932.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While
young Lyndon Baines Johnson was still learning the ropes as Cong. Kleberg’s
aide, Col. House was in New York
meeting periodically with FDR.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But between
1938 (when Col. House died) and about 1941, control of the Texas network wavered between Jesse Jones
and Vice-President John Nance Garner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once Garner was replaced as Vice-President by Henry Wallace, Jones’
power diminished, and the Texas
network came increasingly under the influence of Lyndon Johnson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was at that point that George and Herman
Brown, founders of Brown & Root, began to use Johnson’s inside information
and connection to FDR to keep the federal dollars flowing into Texas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Johnson’s
most significant and most secret tap into inside information sources, however,
involved a Texan who is even more mysterious than Col. House — a man named <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/03/wealth-vassal-to-power.html" target="_blank">Robert Bernerd Anderson</a>, who possibly did more than any other individual to ensure Texas’ access to mineral
resources independent of the Federal Reserve’s New York and Boston districts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anderson
will be the subject of more detailed study in the future.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgdRR8DrOBtwJn6VkDWF7mVADU8MsTt0t2IKBdEccSrqsjBM17QcpcldL-aEIFd8fVnlcBkqE1RJvk_Jo4LPQphe05bQd7iCqaYfcKXE1eHVgZAL6izLIXgbAqpao6LtkJlRpPje-uNsw/s1600/W+Bush_hat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgdRR8DrOBtwJn6VkDWF7mVADU8MsTt0t2IKBdEccSrqsjBM17QcpcldL-aEIFd8fVnlcBkqE1RJvk_Jo4LPQphe05bQd7iCqaYfcKXE1eHVgZAL6izLIXgbAqpao6LtkJlRpPje-uNsw/s1600/W+Bush_hat.jpg" /></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The
political machine for which LBJ worked (he only thought <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">he</i> controlled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">it</i>;
whereas, it was the other way round) continues to reside in Texas today, although it is now headed by
Republicans rather than Democrats, and is still centered within the Federal Reserve
Bank in Dallas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus, it is no mere coincidence that three of
the last seven Presidents allegedly </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">“elected” by the people of the United States have claimed Texas as their residence. <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The disproportionate influence asserted by
Texans stems no more from a coincidence than does the fact that the election of
2004 pitted two members of the Yale secret society Skull and Bones against each
other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Identification of the financial/political
network (some have used the term “cabal”) which rose to power in 1963 — and which
is so reluctant to relinquish that power — is of urgent importance in order to
change the paradigm that has taken America ever closer into the grips of
globalism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Just
as Brown & Root (<a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Halliburton.html" target="_blank">Halliburton</a>) understood that maintaining political power is a necessary step
in order to assure its continued access to government contracts, the contracts
themselves helped to determine what policies those politicians, whose power was
contingent on continuing to feed contracts to the network which elected them,
would pursue. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a vicious cycle that,
in the hands of Texans, always becomes deadly and dangerous.</span></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Notes:</span></span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/8phlp10h.htm">Philip Dru Administrator</a>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Story of Tomorrow, 1920-1935</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">, originally published anonymously in 1912 by B.W.
Huebsch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The badly written novel was in
1916 disclosed to have been authored by Col. Edward M. House, the man behind
Woodrow Wilson’s rise to prominence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indicating that his true purpose in creating such an administrative
framework within the federal executive branch of government was to keep the
peasants happy so as not to upset the existing order, House began his book with
a quote from the Italian nationalist, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Giuseppe
Mazzini, whom present-day conspiracy theorists have called an illuminati
leader.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Ron Chernow, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Warburgs:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Twentieth-Century Odyssey
of a Remarkable Jewish Family</i> (New York:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Random House, 1993), 132.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chernow
reveals that Paul Warburg, along with Aldrich, “sneaked off” to Jekyll Island, Georgia late in 1910 to discuss
currency reform with other wealthy men from American banking circles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This meeting was discussed in “<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/03/blueprint-for-federal-reserve.html" target="_blank">Membershipby Inheritance Only</a>.”</span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span>
William R. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=B000J0KOSY%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">Corson, </a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=B000J0KOSY%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">The Armies of Ignorance</a>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Rise of the American
Intelligence Empire</i> (New York: Dial Press/James Wade Books, 1977).<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to Corson, Jones had been chosen by
Colonel House to serve under Major General Ralph H. Van Deman—General Pershing's
senior intelligence officer and Chief of Allied Counterintelligence—at the
Paris Peace Commission after World War I.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Van Deman’s 38-year career in intelligence had taken place long before
the Office of Strategic Services, the Central Intelligence Agency, or National
Security Agency had been created, before any funding mechanism for intelligence
operations existed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corson had <span style="color: black;">lived, worked, and traveled in Japan, China, Indonesia,
Thailand, Burma, Laos, and Cambodia throughout the cold war years and had fought
in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>World War II, Korea, and Vietnam—retiring
as a retired lieutenant colonel from the Marine Corps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had “learned the intricate workings of the
intelligence community in a wide variety of field and staff intelligence
assignments,” including “Staff Secretary of the President's Special Group (CI)
joint DOD-CIA Committee on
Counterinsurgency R & D, Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense's
Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Officer in Charge of the
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Systems Analysis) Southeast Asia intelligence
evaluation program.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet, with all that
experience, after talking with Van Deman, Corson admitted to being left “with a
conundrum which after 27 years remains unresolved. It involved my stated
disbelief that the activities surrounding his card file project could have been
carried out without the financial assistance of others. His reply was
equally disarming and bemusing. In essence he said, “I have never
personally accepted a penny to carry out this work; however, others have had
need for funds to do what is necessary’ and he asked, ‘Do you have any quarrel
with the idea that private citizens should not make funds available to those
able and willing to carry out the work required to keep us free?’ We left
it there with his gentle admonition, ‘Your father understood this and there is
no reason you should not.’ My thoughts jumped to my father's relationship
with Jesse Jones and the Houston Endowment, but Van Deman, in a sphinxlike
pronouncement said, ‘Your future lies with those in the active forces, but
never fear, there are those in reserve who will help in their own silent ways.’”
(See footnote at pages 104-105.)</span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> The Guggenheims were discussed in “<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Who
“Created” Condi Rice?</span>” written in 2004 (see <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/11/condi-picks-plum-june-9-2004-by-linda.html" target="_blank">revised</a> article and also <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/11/2-see-part-1-denver-and-guggenheim.html" target="_blank">Part 2</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As stated in that essay, the Guggenheims had amassed a fortune in lead,
copper and silver smelting in Colorado,
which “in 1887, led to the formation of the American Smelting & Refining
Company (ASARCO) and the Guggenheim Exploration Company in 1899 and created the
American Smelting and Refining Co. (ASARCO).”</span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> In addition to becoming wealthy from importing
tobacco, Beer’s studies had been pursued first at Columbia in New York and later in London, where he learned how the British
socialists had financed their own welfare scheme, first with Indian opium, and
later with gold and diamonds from South Africa.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> The Federal Reserve Act’s “<span style="color: #111111;">chief
architect was Paul Warburg of the German and Swiss<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9017405044201034132" name="5_1"></a> banking house who moved to America only nine years
earlier. He brought with him all the experience of European central banking.
His brother Max Warburg was financial adviser to the Kaiser and later Director
of Germany's central bank, The Reichsbank.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Paul Warburg’s Wall Street banking operation was a partnership with the
Rothschilds in Kuhn Loeb & Co.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>G.
Edward Griffin, <a href="http://www.thevenusproject.com/downloads/ebooks/6479760-The-Creature-from-Jekyll-Island-by-Edward-Griffin.pdf" target="_blank"><i>The Creature from Jekyll Island</i></a> (American Media, Fourth Edition, 2002).</span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Julius Beer’s name appeared often in The New York
Times in conjunction with names such as Schiff, Guggenheim, Rothschild,
Warburg, Lewisohn, Lehman and Loeb — within the context of “Jewish society” and
charitable causes of that day.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> The first of the three, Lyndon B. Johnson, entered
the White House as a result of John F. Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963 and
was elected in 1964.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second was
George H.W. Bush, virtual president for much of Reagan’s eight years in the
Office, elected in 1988.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The third is
George W. Bush, who has held the job since 2001.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We don’t count Gerald Ford as being
“elected”; he was appointed to the vice presidency after Spiro Agnew resigned
and ascended to the Presidency following Richard Nixon’s disgrace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also use the term “elected” loosely
because of disputes surrounding the elections of 2000 and 2004.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-54955615017506296072013-03-20T15:20:00.001-05:002013-03-20T15:20:07.689-05:00War Is Big Business<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b>Deep Politics of Freeport Sulphur</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In the </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Vol. 3, No. 3, March-April, 1996 edition of <a href="http://www.realhistoryarchives.com/collections/hidden/freeport-cuba.htm" target="_blank"><i>Probe</i></a>, noted JFK assassination researcher Lisa Pease wrote in her article entitled "</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">David Atlee Phillips, Clay Shaw and Freeport Sulphur":</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Freeport Sulphur was born in Texas in 1912. The company later moved the headquarters
office to New York. Originally, the principal business was mining sulphur. By 1962,
Freeport Sulphur was the nation's oldest and largest producer of sulphur. In 1962, the
fertilizer industry used 40% of the sulphur produced in the world. Other business segments
that use sulphur in the production process are chemical, papermaking, pigment,
pharmaceutical, mining, oil-refining and fiber manufacturing industries. For most of this
period, Freeport was headed by John Hay Whitney.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPf6UEoSt39zV2MQ3jX_Ns8-biH0Ci8ElSVkGaN7cyxziduWPtQrO8qAx1yKSZX5Z62GQrPhnjuI0hyphenhyphenHefkqvSBzDwTMRHMPkkZrEAj9MvFTIDYLMsZBq7e-HOuVXXPuu1iOWAgbXq28/s1600/Jock+Whitney_Time.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPf6UEoSt39zV2MQ3jX_Ns8-biH0Ci8ElSVkGaN7cyxziduWPtQrO8qAx1yKSZX5Z62GQrPhnjuI0hyphenhyphenHefkqvSBzDwTMRHMPkkZrEAj9MvFTIDYLMsZBq7e-HOuVXXPuu1iOWAgbXq28/s320/Jock+Whitney_Time.jpg" width="192" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jock makes the <i><a href="http://www.scoopweb.com/John_Hay_Whitney" target="_blank">Time</a></i> cover</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In 1927, Payne Whitney, one of America's richest multimillionaires, died, leaving his
only son and future Freeport president an estate valued at over $179 million. At the young
age of 22, John Hay Whitney became one of the country's richest men. Nonetheless,
"Jock," as the press later called him, took a <b>job at Lee Higginson and Co.</b> on a
salary of $65 a month. There, he made a fateful friendship with another<b> onetime Lee
Higginson employee named Langbourne Williams</b>. Langbourne's father had originally founded
Freeport Texas, then lost control of the business. Langbourne enlisted Jock's boss at Lee
Higginson--J. T. Claiborne--to help in a proxy fight for control of Freeport. Claiborne
urged the young Jock to join their efforts. Jock did--to the tune of a half a million
dollars. By 1930, the Claiborne-Williams-Whitney team had won control of Freeport. </span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6-UWwAxqd_yRLHlzY4ebbL6cmHCZhlqdHQaOTmqjK7Nkt2XujEonIQIuudADTUU3KNC39NZebg1Q51_RlQapY93hyphenhyphenAGmW6woKuPKD9OxBrXu2kcwg90Hikjoopui1z94Nt4X6vpzUC9Q/s1600/Bryan+Mound.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6-UWwAxqd_yRLHlzY4ebbL6cmHCZhlqdHQaOTmqjK7Nkt2XujEonIQIuudADTUU3KNC39NZebg1Q51_RlQapY93hyphenhyphenAGmW6woKuPKD9OxBrXu2kcwg90Hikjoopui1z94Nt4X6vpzUC9Q/s200/Bryan+Mound.jpg" width="116" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Freeport, Texas, was actually a town--not a business. It became a deep-water port when a Swedish Texan named Swenson, coincidentally the widowed brother-in-law of fertilizer magnates from Maryland named Tilghman, decided to use the expiring Herman Frasch patent to develop a sulphur resource. Located within a salt dome located on a part of the historic <a href="http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/adp/history/hispanic_period/tenoxtitlan/austins_colony.html" target="_blank">Austin's Colony</a> granted to Stephen F. Austin, the land was owned by the heirs of Austin's sister, Mrs. James F. Perry, whose Peach Point Plantation in Brazoria County--variously called </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bryanmound</span> (<a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rjb87" target="_blank">Bryan Mound</a>) or Bryan Heights Salt Dome -- was first suspected to contain sulphur by stock speculator Bernard Baruch a few years prior to its actual development in 1912.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFaHQ5fMhXcZTAuLzmrKoCPh6Llhe-WY0VdeFR3BkkxdYsfVpan8hH2iY84WBYOvCg7DIjNFDsSJ29PC6YUG82FPb9s735IcWUopskbfqaTUxiFwUsHGf65d5MhjXvp4yvSLh-xyT6-Q/s1600/Austin's.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFaHQ5fMhXcZTAuLzmrKoCPh6Llhe-WY0VdeFR3BkkxdYsfVpan8hH2iY84WBYOvCg7DIjNFDsSJ29PC6YUG82FPb9s735IcWUopskbfqaTUxiFwUsHGf65d5MhjXvp4yvSLh-xyT6-Q/s200/Austin's.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When Baruch was
unable to obtain financing from J.P. Morgan for sulphur production at the
Bryan/Perry property, he instead moved to </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">adjacent Wharton County's</span> Boling salt dome, which he (along with the Morgan bank and <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/11/2-see-part-1-denver-and-guggenheim.html" target="_blank">W. Boyce Thompson</a>) purchased in 1914 from </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the Gulf Sulphur Company. In 1918 the name changed to </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dktgq" target="_blank">Texas Gulf Sulphur</a>. Austin's original <a href="http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/austingrantmap.htm" target="_blank">land grant</a> included land all the way to Bastrop, but it is not known whether the mineral estate of Boling Dome was still by that time owned by the Perrys and Bryans.</span></span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjW-Y3EMt4U3V3YqOmJ-k50PhAbUEtya5l4kqO-RZHaN7AVMUgxGSPT2Hz0FESPEzZO5m2sQtgULPlJd_0jJepjMuzNS2QLBpVGLF4P0mNpGgFORs_FdF6F9q1uP0H6Cih8n_Ms0aeYJk/s1600/Freeport+pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjW-Y3EMt4U3V3YqOmJ-k50PhAbUEtya5l4kqO-RZHaN7AVMUgxGSPT2Hz0FESPEzZO5m2sQtgULPlJd_0jJepjMuzNS2QLBpVGLF4P0mNpGgFORs_FdF6F9q1uP0H6Cih8n_Ms0aeYJk/s200/Freeport+pic.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><i>Freeport Sulphur, </i>early days<i><br /></i></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><i></i></span><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><i></i></span><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sulphur, however, was in great demand during W<span style="font-size: small;">orld War I, and Bernar<span style="font-size: small;">d Baruch of the War Ind<span style="font-size: small;">ustries Board in Woodrow Wilson's administration was sniffing it out. It should not be overlooked that Woodrow Wilson was a wholly owned subsidiary throughout his administration by the little man from Texas named "Colonel" Edward M. House, originally from Houston. </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">House'<span style="font-size: small;">s</span> father, Thomas W. House, had run the blocka<span style="font-size: small;">de during the war years and had been in Matamoros and Monterey with Charles Stillman, William Marsh Rice and other merchants from Texas. They knew how to profit from trading in war materiel. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b>The New Regi<span style="font-size: small;">me at National City Bank</span></b></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">By 1915 sulphur output would double:</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEsuQCTBaTVrvsg_dJHcTfvc8VqtXIzRE6v74YmiM3FLC_HjyHNsJjrkJnwJCTRHlt9_1toaXBuntDL1tzgTD9oVgEf-8fbBvxmJd7IqRKrU60_E8R8CH-z_hkqnpP4tGO28J9J4xMCcA/s1600/Swenson_sulphur_1915.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEsuQCTBaTVrvsg_dJHcTfvc8VqtXIzRE6v74YmiM3FLC_HjyHNsJjrkJnwJCTRHlt9_1toaXBuntDL1tzgTD9oVgEf-8fbBvxmJd7IqRKrU60_E8R8CH-z_hkqnpP4tGO28J9J4xMCcA/s640/Swenson_sulphur_1915.jpg" width="291" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">By this time, Erice Swenson was 65 years old, no doubt ready to retire. But, as an officer in the National City Bank in new York, and as head of Freeport Sulphur in the middle of the <span style="font-size: small;">great war, that was not about to happen. James Jewett Stillman, who died in 1918, was for four years replaced by his son, James Alexander Stillman. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">An 1896 Harvard graduate, young James </span></span></span></span>in 1901 married </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60F1FFD3A5D12738DDDAD0894DE405B818CF1D3" target="_blank">Anne Urquhart</a>, </span>the daughter of actress <a href="http://www.stagebeauty.net/th-frames.html?http&&&www.stagebeauty.net/brown-potter/brown-potter-m2.html" target="_blank">Cora Urquhart</a> and James Brown Potter. As founder of high society's <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/09/schick-and-patrick-frawley.html" target="_blank">Tuxedo Set</a>, Potter was the son of banker <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Potter" target="_blank">Howard Potter</a>, who married </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mary Louisa Brown, whose father, James Brown, was the senior partner of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bros._%26_Co." target="_blank">Brown Brothers & Co</a>,
an investment bank founded by sons of Alexander Brown of Baltimore.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When Mrs. Stillman followed her mother onto the stage as "Fifi" Stillman in
1921, a long battle played out in news headlines across the nation, and when James</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">' embarrassing personal life hit the front pages of all the newspapers, </span>it was the elderly Eric<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>Swenson who <span style="font-size: small;">rose</span> to the chairmanship of the National City Bank.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Swenson must have known where lots of bodies were buried over the years<span style="font-size: small;">, even having been one of the chief witnesses in the case prosecuted by the grandfather <span style="font-size: small;">o<span style="font-size: small;">f <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/05/model-for-funding-covert-ops.html" target="_blank">James A. Baker III</a> against the alleged murdere<span style="font-size: small;">r of <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2011/05/moody-and-shearn-families.html" target="_blank">William M. Rice</a>, whose death opened up the huge endowment for <span style="font-size: small;">Rice University.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6c2Pw_h2eS-31S90OnwLP5OIqtqSBpqQQHTt0ixhPFg6RkF9nVCrjyCXV_HuKA6Nw5Bq3OPwDGmD1MMEb5wQ7sG6-2v6AZ9dMtgx9ayJ2pmXr8kg1E_Y9ncaXX7-af12UP3qA0vWkt6Y/s1600/Swenson+bank_James+Baker_Rice+Estate_1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6c2Pw_h2eS-31S90OnwLP5OIqtqSBpqQQHTt0ixhPFg6RkF9nVCrjyCXV_HuKA6Nw5Bq3OPwDGmD1MMEb5wQ7sG6-2v6AZ9dMtgx9ayJ2pmXr8kg1E_Y9ncaXX7-af12UP3qA0vWkt6Y/s640/Swenson+bank_James+Baker_Rice+Estate_1900.jpg" width="222" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">By now <span style="font-size: small;">most of th<span style="font-size: small;">e men who participated in setting up the sulphur facilit<span style="font-size: small;">y at the new city of Freeport, Texas and <span style="font-size: small;">the
port that allowed for its distribution, were beginning to recede from
the active management. These investors were named as the original
underwriters of the stock at</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=O4rzzkUQyzIC&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=%22bernard+baruch%22+sulfur&source=bl&ots=9zizuQmToj&sig=2Nu8NqZZAXn3-qWknkZFUU5Z8dw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xP9IUeD1DOjO2AW49IHYBw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=swenson&f=false" target="_blank">page 105</a> of </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">a book </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>by Gerald Kutney, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1895198372%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><i>Sulfur: History, Technology, Applications & Industry</i></a>, a<span style="font-size: small;">s well as in a magazine article in </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0mxNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=tilghman+chemical+swenson&source=bl&ots=z4eQX_n0EO&sig=oooVSqjPWPnychBCaHKViSULBe8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3BhJUcKWDM6r2AXC6oCIBQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tilghman%20chemical%20swenson&f=false" target="_blank"><i>The Chemical Engineer</i></a>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">O</span>riginal <a href="http://tera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu/NASD/01cf394d-c0ee-4090-918f-a8413fe96bee/China/disk6/72/51-150/31006611/HTML/00000280.htm" target="_blank">underwriters of </a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://tera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu/NASD/01cf394d-c0ee-4090-918f-a8413fe96bee/China/disk6/72/51-150/31006611/HTML/00000280.htm" target="_blank">$700,000</a><span style="font-size: small;"> worth of</span></span></span> stock in the company <span style="font-size: small;">included the follow<span style="font-size: small;">ing</span>:</span></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Frank
A. Vanderlip, James
Stillman, Samuel McRoberts--all officers of <b>National City Bank</b>, along with </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Eric P<span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></span></span> Swenson, whose family bank, </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">S. M. Swenson & Sons, also subscribed<span style="font-size: small;">, as did</span> Maud Tilghman Swenson's brother<span style="font-size: small;">s, </span>Frederick B. & Sidell Tilghman<span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Maud died in 1892, only three years after her marriage to Eric Swenson.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>John Langbourne Williams & Sons</b><span style="font-size: small;"> and </span></span></span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=v75GAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA306&lpg=PA306&dq=f.+q.+brown+redmond&source=bl&ots=ngBD9gEfXA&sig=ytG5A3VO8aHRG2s2bp7eKh655Ro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SzFJUavQAsWL2AX_rIHYDw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Franklin Quimby Brown</a><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=v75GAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA306&lpg=PA306&dq=f.+q.+brown+redmond&source=bl&ots=ngBD9gEfXA&sig=ytG5A3VO8aHRG2s2bp7eKh655Ro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SzFJUavQAsWL2AX_rIHYDw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"> of Redmond bank</a> (also involved in <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZV_PAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA671&lpg=PA671&dq=%22franklin+q.+brown%22+banker&source=bl&ots=P-F9-2gNem&sig=THU8pYrBVqFuMmiqnNnxMiu3i8M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=szNJUfjWHpT82gWClYDADg&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=q.%20brown&f=false" target="_blank">Knickerbocker Trust</a>), </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">who also subscribed as underwriters, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">were members of a fertilizer syndicate called <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BwGmpL5XQmsC&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=%22James+B.+Duke%22+chisolm+chemical&source=bl&ots=f6Qemo0-Ha&sig=pzWz1yx2Rr1Zdb8U332_Zv_TMLM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dhBJUZ22F-Xr2QWm5oDoAw&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg" target="_blank">Interstate Chemical Corporation</a> with <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">t</span>he Tilghmans</span></span></span></span></span></span>.<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Their syndicate of investors in railroad securities often included<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">C. Sidney Shepard<span style="font-size: small;"> (Yale, 1878) of New Haven, CT<span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smaller investors: Edwin Hawley (<a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F30C16F7355813738DDDA10A94DF405B828DF1D3" target="_blank">tycoon</a> in Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad), Williams & Peters (coal merchants), E. K. Knapp, E. M. Carter, Benjamin Andrews (a <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2qcfAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA259&lpg=PA259&dq=%22Benjamin+Andrews%22+sulphur&source=bl&ots=3lPvGztm_N&sig=v7E3UBPngX4DvoLUoZaV_MjMkPo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VhFKUcLlDMWw2gXov4H4CQ&ved=0CGUQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Andrews&f=false" target="_blank">mining engineer</a> who held several patents in connection with Union Sulphur Co.), James M. Edwards, Orne Wilson, W.
B. Chisolm (part of a fertilizer syndicate), W. O. Wetherbee (a bank clerk <a href="http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83025138/1902-03-05/ed-1/seq-2/ocr.txt" target="_blank">who testified</a> with Swenson in the Rice murder trial), John N. Steel, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/11/2-see-part-1-denver-and-guggenheim.html" target="_blank">John Hays Hammond</a> (associate of William Boyce Thompson), A. Chester
Beatty, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A. C. Swenson, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">F. A. Fearing, George C. Reiter, and S. M.
Betts.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many of th<span style="font-size: small;">ose</span> named above were also directors of the <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=BGUUAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.RA6-PA54" target="_blank">Interstate Chemical Corporation</a>.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It was because of the initial investment by the J.L. Williams & Sons banking enterprise that Langbourne
Meade Williams, Jr. ascended to a management position in 1930. His father (L.M. Sr.), died in 1931<span style="font-size: small;">, and the </span>Freeport Sulphur stock the family held gave him an opportunity to make a finan<span style="font-size: small;">ci<span style="font-size: small;">al</span></span> play<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">, but it was another connection which gave him the power to do it. That came from the Rockefellers.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">To be c</span>ontinued in a future post.</span></span></span></span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-85634080158435298272013-03-11T14:23:00.004-05:002018-01-09T09:41:18.725-06:00Citigroup's Texas Roots<div class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>From Wethersfield, CT - Puritan Stronghold</b></i></span></div>
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Charles Stillman, whose Texas-made fortune was used to set up the First National City Bank in New York City, was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut in 1810. His father, Francis Stillman, was a great-great-grandson of the man referred to by Stillman family genealogists as the "Settler" in America, George Stillman.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwgS0zHEiPA1rbQ4et1qXlR0jq_Qr9VlfUCS-8HbzTzu84HtcqnaDUPdEYzSGdSjCGDlqL4_Kj4H-5F0DdFS1_7R8bqH1zZPWFU59yN3e38qNyyTa3IKCvDBhc0rCOTLFLWDJTYAmolog/s1600/oldmap2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwgS0zHEiPA1rbQ4et1qXlR0jq_Qr9VlfUCS-8HbzTzu84HtcqnaDUPdEYzSGdSjCGDlqL4_Kj4H-5F0DdFS1_7R8bqH1zZPWFU59yN3e38qNyyTa3IKCvDBhc0rCOTLFLWDJTYAmolog/s320/oldmap2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wethersfield, CT</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Francis Stillman stemmed from three Nathaniel Stillmans in a genealogical line that began in Hadley, MA in 1691. The first Nathaniel, who married a daughter of David and Honour Treat Deming in 1743, died in Wethersfield in 1770, six years before the Declaration of Independence. Francis' father was the third Nathaniel Stillman, born in 1752, who fought in the Revolutionary War, then died in Wethersfield in 1838, the same year his son Francis died--only two years after Texas had declared its independence against Mexico.<br />
<br />
Francis was a ship-owning merchant who took his teenage son Charles to Durango, Mexico, as early as 1823, leaving him there to fend for himself within a trading network already established. "Don Carlos," as Charles was known in those parts, commandeered a profitable mercantile trade, which he would substantially increase during the Mexican War, which began when the new Republic of Texas was annexed as part of the United States in 1845. Upon his death many years later, Charles Stillman's family donated his papers from those years in Mexico and Texas to Harvard, an event which would give rise to research projects designed to establish a link between the New England money interests and Stillman's somewhat hidden Texas roots.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i><b>Dredging up the Past </b></i></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf6YBYPRvVURjp66zbR__CTW0c-8WRELSdlMm1D71q0_0M7dM668NQnoY6AlnQhqCZt4w_kHCxo3QjKtxB3N5PMKKUvJhfFmarV9IzzrLm_GLGoQiBKv9-2h9QvLEbwlIYwyHQw5EKDWU/s1600/Chauncey+Stillman452.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf6YBYPRvVURjp66zbR__CTW0c-8WRELSdlMm1D71q0_0M7dM668NQnoY6AlnQhqCZt4w_kHCxo3QjKtxB3N5PMKKUvJhfFmarV9IzzrLm_GLGoQiBKv9-2h9QvLEbwlIYwyHQw5EKDWU/s200/Chauncey+Stillman452.jpg" width="135" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://bigoldhouses.blogspot.com/2012/08/the-upper-class-between-wars.html" target="_blank">Chauncey D. Stillman</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In <a href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101107/m1/282/?q=stillman">1939 </a>one of these descendants, a cocky young Harvard graduate named Chauncey Devereaux Stillman, recruited some historians to pore through the papers, while he also tossed some family money around in Texas, most of it in the form of grants to memorialize his ancestor's eminent stature in the wilds of Texas. He even brought an entourage with him to Texas for ceremonial purposes, but according to one local resident named G.E. Dodd, more money was sought from the locals to memorialize their unsaintly ancestor than was passed down to them.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTEzF_nzxUzAvA1ZLbM1tcwR9ZJznNj4Ta5Gx9VzcVblDUIwKbISR78O8iQ61oQL8Gf1uAQnpN-7ZifNJ68TGY-EqEJhA-EXeqTxYPGttsfHzA0_vTrIIIJqvOaaY9WhuBF06GNHkDQm4/s1600/Charles+Chauncey+Stillman_sons_1922.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTEzF_nzxUzAvA1ZLbM1tcwR9ZJznNj4Ta5Gx9VzcVblDUIwKbISR78O8iQ61oQL8Gf1uAQnpN-7ZifNJ68TGY-EqEJhA-EXeqTxYPGttsfHzA0_vTrIIIJqvOaaY9WhuBF06GNHkDQm4/s200/Charles+Chauncey+Stillman_sons_1922.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Charles Chauncey and sons, 1922</span></span></td></tr>
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Charles Devereaux Stillman was the acknowledged author of a genealogy which began with the life of Don Carlos, who is said to have made his way on his father's schooner Albion from Mexico's interior near Durango in 1828 to Brazos de Santiago--the "salt water harbor for the town of <a href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=16542">Matamoros</a>." There he came in contact with Francis Stillman's partner, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Cimg%20src="> Daniel Willard Smith</a>, according to this book, Charles Stillman 1810-1875, published in a private printing for the author in 1956.<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
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Smith, who also hailed from Wethersfield, had been appointed American Consul to Mexico by President James Monroe. The consul's job was to resolve disputes that American citizens, then trading with Mexico (which at that time included what is now known as Texas), had with the government or other citizens of Mexico during an extremely tense time. Evidence of that tension was revealed in this article published in early 1837 recounting numerous reports recently received in the U.S. capital regarding incidents that had occurred in Mexico:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYRb2GNRa790f5IN3O6S4QaS1T32QcZXA_7vRlTD4FiXC5j9YwIhjnNMcKDLAnn7u867sgohMjqXxOADHWZo9oFP5ODuNzp3xdFe57I4GSza19GBIVSouEBu-GXHSQM_ilf8tUFWA8-aA/s1600/Matamoras_Zalmon+Hull_D.W.+Smith_1837.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYRb2GNRa790f5IN3O6S4QaS1T32QcZXA_7vRlTD4FiXC5j9YwIhjnNMcKDLAnn7u867sgohMjqXxOADHWZo9oFP5ODuNzp3xdFe57I4GSza19GBIVSouEBu-GXHSQM_ilf8tUFWA8-aA/s640/Matamoras_Zalmon+Hull_D.W.+Smith_1837.jpg" width="380" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zalmon Hull, father of <a href="http://www.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ledger/students/1293" target="_blank">Hezekiah Hull</a>, Lydia Wells' father</td></tr>
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Zalmon Hull's father was a resident of Fairfield, CT., 60 miles or so down the road from Wethersfield, passing by Middletown and New Haven. But Zalmon married a Redding girl named Betts and relocated further inland, even though he shipped out to engage in the Mexican trade. He was mentioned in the January 1914 edition of National Magazine, an article entitled "<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=DpDNAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA836">The Tragedy of Mexico,</a>" page <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=DpDNAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA847">847 of which</a> reads:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc9YxGcR87EzfT1prDTcmom3GM_d2X55gCYj4c21YsKKU5zAAQzgI31y-X1ZDQtPjRfTT2X1ggVfvcEUo4oAnFTABg2vzXOe6G6rK8b_i2oV-ZEr4neDZhY1TXf3NBDh3anqlYSVKtMQo/s1600/Zalmon+Hull.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc9YxGcR87EzfT1prDTcmom3GM_d2X55gCYj4c21YsKKU5zAAQzgI31y-X1ZDQtPjRfTT2X1ggVfvcEUo4oAnFTABg2vzXOe6G6rK8b_i2oV-ZEr4neDZhY1TXf3NBDh3anqlYSVKtMQo/s640/Zalmon+Hull.jpg" width="390" /></a></div>
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This "American consul" was Daniel W. Smith, who was already married by that time to the widow of Zalmon Hull's son, formerly Mrs. Hezekiah Belden Hull. That marriage made him the stepfather of her daughter <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qBQEiQ5hEEgC&pg=PA173&lpg=PA173&dq=%22daniel+willard+smith%22+consul&source=bl&ots=LWzlkb17y_&sig=7aYa2q-YVjjBfmV6osJsJDM4Ako&hl=en&sa=X&ei=duc8UaLtIoPa2QXWh4HwBw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22daniel%20willard%20smith%22%20consul&f=false">Lydia Ann Hull</a>, the <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fwe22">mother of James B. Wells, Jr</a>., for whom Jim Wells County in Texas was named. Lydia's husband, <a href="http://www.caller.com/news/2009/jul/12/the-lure-of-lydia-ann/?print=1">James Babbage Wells</a>, <span style="color: #666666;"></span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="color: #666666;">"was a privateer or mercenary during the Texas Revolution and commanded the Texas Navy yards at Galveston. In Aransas village, Wells was a cattle rancher who owned a schooner." </span></blockquote>
It was that fact which caused his name to be listed in an extremely <a href="http://www.turnerpublishing.com/detail.aspx?ID=534">rare book</a> called The Sons of the Republic of Texas., which glorifies the lives of those who settled Texas when it still a part of Mexico prior to 1836, and before statehood in 1845. <br />
<br />
When Charles Stillman arrived in Matamoros (often spelled Matamoras) in 1828, he naturally gravitated to fellow natives of Connecticut there, in addition to two of his brothers with whom he was involved in business partnerships until 1847, when the last of them, Frank D. Stillman, returned to Connecticut. Charles was then on his own but soon established a partnership with John J. Young on Rosales Street in Matamoros. Young died in 1859, but his descendants remained, and we will hear more about them later.<br />
<br />
During this time, Charles realized the U.S. government would want to sell off part of the land on which Fort Brown was located and had almost 5,000 acres surveyed out of it. This was to become the city of Brownsville. We can only wonder if Frank had helped to make that happen once he returned to the northeast. A land boom quickly occurred, making Charles quite wealthy, but the population diminished from cholera epidemics. In 1849 Charles, at the ripe old age of 38, returned to Wethersfield for a wife.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span>
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Chauncey Devereux Stillman</b></span></span></i><br />
<br />
Keep in mind that Charles Stillman's descendant, fresh from Harvard in 1929, had taken it upon himself to research and write the history of his family in Texas. In 1955 he traveled down to Brownsville to dedicate a house to the City of Brownsville, claiming it to have been the home that Charles Stillman bought for his bride Elizabeth Pamela Goodrich Stillman a century earlier.<br />
<br />
Beginning in 1945, articles began to appear in the Southwestern Historical Quarterly on this subject, such as this one by <a href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth146056/m1/319/?q=stillman">Harbert Davenport</a>, whose father was a law associate of Judge <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fwe22">James B. Wells, Jr</a>. Newspaper articles, like the one below, appeared under the byline of his wife:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgNQb02Fl4iSTyxJiRD-jBiy-co31HPklmRZuxg1udN_Rk-7Fva2LsaVTegXLr4Q0rb4S98ef2pjTovwsslTQSCdprZ8r7t1ajsrCCz4PSRCuiNaXGunoPDGFPkt-f-eFfJjdrs9hJzW0/s1600/Harbert+Davenport_1945.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgNQb02Fl4iSTyxJiRD-jBiy-co31HPklmRZuxg1udN_Rk-7Fva2LsaVTegXLr4Q0rb4S98ef2pjTovwsslTQSCdprZ8r7t1ajsrCCz4PSRCuiNaXGunoPDGFPkt-f-eFfJjdrs9hJzW0/s1600/Harbert+Davenport_1945.jpg" /></a></div>
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Not everyone believed the story told by Jim Wells' law partner, Harbert Davenport, or by Mrs. Davenport in the above article. One witty, courageous long-time Brownsville resident, however, named George Emmet Dodd (son of Beeville, Texas attorney William W. Dodd), responded to the Mayor Stokeley's trumped up decision to grovel before the Stillman and Rockefeller families who came to Brownsville in 1955 to memorialize Charles Stillman with a little help from the city taxpayers. Dodd himself had a long and illustrious heritage in Texas, married to a granddaughter of <a href="http://www.geocities.ws/ibjud48/CJE3rdVersion.html">Colonel James Eskridge Graham</a>. </div>
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It's unfortunate there aren't more people like G.E. Dodd in the world, who can tell fake historians and paid public relations "experts" to take a flying leap.<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbIVvAdPQ2-su9K370T9jBXjwGsNS7x0Z4hpso5MecW3z7xZ8vBNK4baL-j_n5rEvbyq_KNi6FnOlEPf5p8EWVWtl0kIeAKg1S1I2jzah2fiFWVdwU1Pl5ibqt8SKDymoI9D54U5aKqZE/s1600/Stillman+Memorial_1947.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbIVvAdPQ2-su9K370T9jBXjwGsNS7x0Z4hpso5MecW3z7xZ8vBNK4baL-j_n5rEvbyq_KNi6FnOlEPf5p8EWVWtl0kIeAKg1S1I2jzah2fiFWVdwU1Pl5ibqt8SKDymoI9D54U5aKqZE/s1600/Stillman+Memorial_1947.jpg" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-53013824833301574342012-12-10T14:11:00.000-06:002012-12-10T14:14:58.155-06:00<div align="center">
<span class="size20 TrebuchetMS20" style="color: #5f6201; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>SOPHISTS AND OTHER SCOUNDRELS</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #5f6201; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b></b></span><span class="size16 TrebuchetMS16" style="color: #5f6201; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Part Two</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="size16 Helvetica16" style="color: #5f6201; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">© 2005 by Linda Minor</span></div>
<br />
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<span class="size12 TrebuchetMS12" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Part 2 - </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="size12 TrebuchetMS12" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Scooter Libby’s Client</b></span></div>
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<span class="size12 TrebuchetMS12" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Marc Rich</b></span></div>
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</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7-ZiFJ4C4AIIbm3mizaAfMSlN8HYjxC8MKisnvbGYxYVcnbmvGYEueHd0-FDQxg-6KY050LvJkOov9D62SmDC-YmfZz_X61e7qNQ6Dsx2DYXkNxXbNkBVmX2crZ6-G2r8dCXhn2w63Xk/s1600/marc+rich.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7-ZiFJ4C4AIIbm3mizaAfMSlN8HYjxC8MKisnvbGYxYVcnbmvGYEueHd0-FDQxg-6KY050LvJkOov9D62SmDC-YmfZz_X61e7qNQ6Dsx2DYXkNxXbNkBVmX2crZ6-G2r8dCXhn2w63Xk/s200/marc+rich.jpg" width="158" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Marc Rich</span></td></tr>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Amid
rumors that special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald is close to indicting
White House officials in the <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-nexus-between-politcs-and-policy.html" target="_blank">Plame leak</a> case are reports that Scooter
Libby was Judith Miller’s source of information. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Libby.html" target="_blank">Part One</a> of this series</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
explored Libby’s “handler,” Leonard Garment, a Brooklyn attorney who
ushered Libby into three different law firms. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">As an attorney in one of
those firms, Libby represented his wealthiest and most mysterious
client—Marc Rich. Only one of a myriad of Rich’s attorneys, Libby,
nevertheless, worked for the metal and oil trader for a period of
eighteen years. Understanding Marc Rich is essential in understanding
Scooter Libby and the financial network which invaded Iraq.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Strategic Metals</i></b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Craig Copetas, Marc Rich’s biographer, who lumped his subject, Rich, into the category of the “<a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=B000H2N5YY%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">Metal Men</a>,” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>1</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> attempted to trace Marc Rich’s mysterious background. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Marc’s father, David Rich,
</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">a descendant of the Belgian </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><u><i>Reich</i></u></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
family who fled Europe during World War II, assisted by a Jewish placement
agency, changed his family's surname to Rich. </span></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">David Rich </span> engaged in an assortment of secretive businesses</span></div>
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<ol>
<li><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Jewelry
distribution in Kansas City, Missouri; </span></li>
<li><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Importation of burlap at Melrose Bag
in the Bronx, New York; </span></li>
<li><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Expansion into Sidec Overseas, S.A., a
diversified agricultural import company which traded with Bolivian merchants; and </span></li>
<li><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Setting up of the American Bolivian Bank in La Paz. </span></li>
</ol>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">All of this industry
centered around the metal trade--Bolivia being a prime source of silver,
zinc, antimony, lead, cadmium, tungsten, gold, and tin since the
sixteenth century. In 1976 Bolivia added lithium, a necessary
ingredient in nuclear weapons, to its stock of strategic minerals.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">While
his father was busy trading, young Marc was quietly attending school
and going to summer camp. He graduated from the private “Rhodes School”
in mid-town Manhattan in 1952, just ten years before a future commerce
secretary, Ron Brown, would receive his diploma there.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>2</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihCjDo9q5ZtvaDsvUTxCnIDmq_Gasi0NNltchgqGDa15ZtHY6ZuOvUV2OQ328l6yfQs716I4UnYhi8WJb0g9FoNTKSXdUAFxdfVpQQfYA0OMAqO9Qtbl8h5josc48VCax4tPFaadnbXBM/s1600/rhodes1917.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihCjDo9q5ZtvaDsvUTxCnIDmq_Gasi0NNltchgqGDa15ZtHY6ZuOvUV2OQ328l6yfQs716I4UnYhi8WJb0g9FoNTKSXdUAFxdfVpQQfYA0OMAqO9Qtbl8h5josc48VCax4tPFaadnbXBM/s400/rhodes1917.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">An advertisement for the school in 1917 (above) </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">sported photographs of selected members of its illustrious faculty,
which included former Harvard and Columbia professor Adolphe Cohn; <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=LA8XAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA283" target="_blank">Alexis Irene du Pont Coleman</a>, a scion of the gunpowder and chemicals family
that owned Dupont; and Dr. Jose F. de Fernandez, recruited from New
York’s Jesuit St. Francis Xavier College. Those years at Rhodes
constitute the sum total of Marc Rich’s formal education, apart from a
year or so of study at New York University. He dropped out of college in
1954 to begin his trading career at Hamburg-based <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/09/us-citi-phibro-factbox-sb-idUSTRE5984VP20091009" target="_blank">Philipp Brothers</a>. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Philipp’s
London office first opened in 1908. A New York branch appeared in 1927,
just nine years before Rich’s boss, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/05/obituaries/ludwig-jesselson-82-commodity-trade-executive.html" target="_blank">Ludwig Jesselson</a>, arrived there
from Germany. Philipps Brothers also had close connections to Spain and
to Bolivia. David Rich—allegedly in connection with his burlap bag
business—traveled frequently to La Paz and even set up a bank there, where </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">t</span>he
physical commodities business tends to
be based, along with Brazil, Colombia and the Ivory Coast.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>3</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
It is impossible to trade <a href="http://www.gcg-commodities.com/index.php/faq.html" target="_blank">physical commodities</a> without arranging for
their transportation from one place to another at a time certain. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Marc’s
twenty years at Philipp Brothers was spent </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548;">“buccaneering between North
and South America, Africa and Europe…Copper was king at the time, and
Rich was one of the metal’s crown princes…He went on to learn tungsten
under the direction of <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lMkdAQAAMAAJ&q=rothschild#search_anchor" target="_blank">Henry Rothschild</a> and Steven Dale, a former
British commando who was the tungsten expert….” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548;"><b>4</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548;"><b>]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548;"> </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Rich’s reward was a posting to the Philipp Brothers office in Madrid as
manager in 1967. He used this outpost as a base through West Africa
and the Middle East, and he gained contacts through his seat on the
European management committee in Zug, Switzerland. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Goldfinger</i></b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyCGfrF3BYwkhqCreZAtBq6u8cOoGgiT-NjlCEzpF5ZYDu68Bdm-LU7wMvawEYD8rbUfGaLWi2TipyD98nus_FTX8z0K1PukjwqKOFQ0rQJ5TEhEsx4qWe-fBw5DK52rp4Ox2myKI1zWs/s1600/AndreMeyer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyCGfrF3BYwkhqCreZAtBq6u8cOoGgiT-NjlCEzpF5ZYDu68Bdm-LU7wMvawEYD8rbUfGaLWi2TipyD98nus_FTX8z0K1PukjwqKOFQ0rQJ5TEhEsx4qWe-fBw5DK52rp4Ox2myKI1zWs/s200/AndreMeyer.jpg" width="140" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0471247413%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">Andre Meyer</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">In
1960 Jesselson, assisted by his friend Andre Meyer of Lazard Freres,
merged the firm with Minerals & Chemicals (Minorco). A second major
change occurred in 1967—about the time Rich was arriving in Madrid—when
Andre Meyer convinced Jesselson to merge with Engelhard Industries,
owned by “Meyer’s friend and sometime business partner <a href="http://www.2facetruth.com/charlesengelhardjr.php" target="_blank">Charles Engelhard</a>, the legendary inspiration for Ian Fleming’s Goldfinger.” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>5</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1082343/2/index.htm" target="_blank">Engelhard</a> (sometimes called “The Platinum King”) also fabricated gold
and other precious metals and lived in northwestern New Jersey’s
aristocratic hunt country. His neighbors included Treasury Secretaries Douglas Dillon
and Nicholas Brady—two partners in the Dillon, Read investment bank. Both Dillon, Read and Lazard Freres--as well as being favored investment
arms of Rockefeller corporations and banks-- were also heavily involved
in investments in the State of Texas, whose favorite son (Lyndon
Johnson) had been in control of the Presidency since November 22, 1963.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvA8L7cC7vH1-I5swtPTi1n7-GSvtk2l78IwGXAeKsM1XMrJXbugSowfEAXceqM1dkGsH-goF9M7BmdQbJdkDOp_Rr1ZWrznUavYDakwp3vZcii9EWj-ESA3PNGLVE7yY9jYPrkoktNDw/s1600/charlesengelhard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvA8L7cC7vH1-I5swtPTi1n7-GSvtk2l78IwGXAeKsM1XMrJXbugSowfEAXceqM1dkGsH-goF9M7BmdQbJdkDOp_Rr1ZWrznUavYDakwp3vZcii9EWj-ESA3PNGLVE7yY9jYPrkoktNDw/s200/charlesengelhard.jpg" width="142" /></a></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Engelhard’s
wife Jane was the daughter of a Brazilian diplomat, and her daughter, Annette </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="st">Mannheimer</span>, from a
previous marriage (whom Engelhard adopted) <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1961&dat=19600320&id=2MAtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v4wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1105,557589" target="_blank">married </a></span><a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1961&dat=19600320&id=2MAtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v4wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1105,557589" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Samuel Pryor Reed</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, grandson of armaments tycoon </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Samuel F. Pryor</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.
As Percy Rockefeller’s agent at Remington Arms in 1914, Pryor had a key
position in mobilizing American industry, supervised by the War
Industries Board, to manufacture and sell weapons to the Allies in World
War I.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">In </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/condi.jpg" target="_blank">“Who ‘Created’ Condi Rice?”</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">—Linda Minor
explored how Eugene Meyer, Jr. and Bernard Baruch used the War Finance
Corporation and the War Industries Board “to administer minerals and
materiel into a massive war machine.” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It was this war profiteering
endeavor which first brought Samuel Bush (George H.W. Bush’s
grandfather) into government operations—as discussed in “</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Bush.html" target="_blank">Money and Gunpowder, Part Two—A Place for Cannons</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">”. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>6</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Liquefying the Metals Trade</i></b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The
metals Marc Rich brokered prior to 1973, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">from
the aspect of national defense,</span> were very strategic ones. Originally, such trading had to be done
in the field, as it necessarily involved physical delivery of the metal
at a specific location and time. Eventually, however, futures contracts
were devised for most metals, allowing financial trading to take place
at the commodities exchange. Before 1973, oil had never been traded on
the futures markets, but things began to change in March of that year
when President Nixon imposed price controls on oil. As reported in </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Time Magazine</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> on March 19:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inflation
seems once again to be getting out of hand, despite repeated assurances
from the President and Treasury Secretary George Shultz that Washington
retains ample authority to crack down on price boosters. There was even
more concern last week after the Government reported that in February
the unadjusted wholesale price index jumped 1.9%, the biggest monthly
rise in 22 years. With that, in an obvious attempt to regain its
credibility, the Administration reached for its vaunted ‘stick in the
closet’ and re-imposed direct controls on the nation's 23 biggest oil
companie</span><span class="size10 TimesRoman10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">s.”</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBy3UEACyJhaLqfQpUOaJ_gSoM6oZ75_gTAoi5dMaBaDMn3ccfnelWdFq8cjiBZ1gwAMx1pNDX6HpBzQ8h4ZQlnTRyOK6x44Kx3BisOVfpdWgkg9BkzWZ-XUPqNFpIP-3Wqp3hFC1gcEc/s1600/shah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBy3UEACyJhaLqfQpUOaJ_gSoM6oZ75_gTAoi5dMaBaDMn3ccfnelWdFq8cjiBZ1gwAMx1pNDX6HpBzQ8h4ZQlnTRyOK6x44Kx3BisOVfpdWgkg9BkzWZ-XUPqNFpIP-3Wqp3hFC1gcEc/s200/shah.jpg" width="162" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Shah Pahlavi of Iran</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Little
mention was made of the price controls on oil, however, as food prices
continued to soar through the summer. Marc Rich, however, knew that
Middle Eastern oil producers were fuming because the dollar devaluation
in 1971, combined with the price controls, had resulted in a net loss of
income to them. At that point, through trading contacts with the royal
Pahlavi family of Iran, Rich began to ship Iranian oil to Spanish
refineries. He bought $150 million worth of crude oil at $5 above spot,
only to be forced to sell by his bosses in New York, who panicked before
the embargo set in. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>7</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggSRC2P6OYBJG9pnzqsnQ_sM61K8xagbNFPyW2HPnT40AXsVdyzxMPrLoFVmZmd03w39hmsLNxICkllpHwPKEF8kVWUrmtO_6etd27CZR2TAVLpx3KyUJQ11KitVVE5eZvl9eR-G-BSSs/s1600/oppy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggSRC2P6OYBJG9pnzqsnQ_sM61K8xagbNFPyW2HPnT40AXsVdyzxMPrLoFVmZmd03w39hmsLNxICkllpHwPKEF8kVWUrmtO_6etd27CZR2TAVLpx3KyUJQ11KitVVE5eZvl9eR-G-BSSs/s200/oppy.jpg" width="161" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harry Oppenheimer</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Virtually
all the trading done at Phibro (as Philipp Brothers was called after
the Minorco merger) was extremely secretive. Minorco, S.A. (Luxembourg)
was then the international trading and investment arm of the
Oppenheimer mining interests—trading in diamonds, gold and other
precious materials. Engelhard and Harry Oppenheimer were bosom buddies,
who first met in South Africa. Just as Engelhard played a vitally
strategic role in maintaining a predictable level of necessary metals
for the United States’ needs for coinage and national defense purposes,
the Oppenheimer family had long performed the same functions for the
British Empire.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Diamonds are Forever</i></b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Prior
to the diamond discoveries in South Africa in the 1860’s, the supply of
that precious gem was feared to be in danger of depletion. Author <a href="http://edwardjayepstein.com/diamond/chap8.htm" target="_blank">Edward Jay Epstein relates</a>: </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Cf8iRqiAhfn2fCdez32Bx0SIP4Sh30NX2yIUTpL7AZKl85qUhJnQ-isqvL-bkNpcW7FR9fAoOy_5LFQPMgWtAODdEbafh0sqXz8ZqfxA6wFnAg2qoReja-k9d29oTTtv4nN-izwOcwU/s1600/diamond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Cf8iRqiAhfn2fCdez32Bx0SIP4Sh30NX2yIUTpL7AZKl85qUhJnQ-isqvL-bkNpcW7FR9fAoOy_5LFQPMgWtAODdEbafh0sqXz8ZqfxA6wFnAg2qoReja-k9d29oTTtv4nN-izwOcwU/s200/diamond.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Rough diamond</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">According
to the records of the British East India Company, Jewish traders
controlled virtually the entire world diamond traffic by the end of the
eighteenth century. The Brazilian fields, however, were becoming rapidly
depleted of diamonds, and no more diamonds were coming out of India.
Just as it appeared that the world might run out of diamonds, the South
African mines were discovered in the eighteen-sixties. The ten leading
Jewish merchants in London, fearing that the market would be flooded
with South African diamonds, quickly formed a syndicate to buy up all of
the production from these new mines. A number of the merchants in this
syndicate had also acquired large stock holdings in the </span><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">De Beers monopoly</span><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
itself. One of the merchants who took the lead in arranging the deal
with Cecil Rhodes was Dunkelsbuhler. Dunkelsbuhler brought into his London company a sixteen year old apprentice from Friedberg, Germany.</span></span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </span></span><span class="size10 Tahoma10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Tahoma10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>8</b></span><span class="size10 Tahoma10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span><span class="size10 Tahoma10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ0fi1a6o2vLig-B6I3aJtWG7mGCa1E21w62oFfSrruPlKv7bJ2ezMAL7KRz1Y38N4Aw19aChVnO3FWUCDHRkWLoOsWs_3k14v4tT4-mVcVRcoXeSZAm0O2fOB07BF9jvWUuoc-YzfnsE/s1600/ern_opp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ0fi1a6o2vLig-B6I3aJtWG7mGCa1E21w62oFfSrruPlKv7bJ2ezMAL7KRz1Y38N4Aw19aChVnO3FWUCDHRkWLoOsWs_3k14v4tT4-mVcVRcoXeSZAm0O2fOB07BF9jvWUuoc-YzfnsE/s200/ern_opp.jpg" width="127" /></a></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Ernest
Oppenheimer, son of a cigar merchant, was that young boy sent to South
Africa as a buyer for Anton Dunkelsbuhler in 1901. “German by birth,
British by naturalization, Jewish by religion, and South African by
residence," he became the “prototype of the multinational businessman.” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>9</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Oppenheimer created Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM) of South West Africa in 1917 by first setting up </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
in London with some assistance from his brothers and the House of
Morgan. He offered to give each major German investor shares in
Anglo-American in exchange for their holdings in the “forbidden zone” in
Namibia, which he held in a South African corporation. With this
leverage he convinced De Beers to trade him a share of stock and a seat
on the board in exchange for an interest in his properties. By 1929, he
and his cousins had become a powerful force in the diamond monopoly.
With support from Lord Rothschild, whose bank still owned a large block
of stock in De Beers, he was named chairman and added De Beers to his
Anglo-American Company.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">In
order to maintain the monopoly, even though demand for diamonds during
the depression was nil, Oppenheimer closed his mines but continued to
buy from whatever source was presented to the company. By 1937 De Beers
had stockpiled some 40 million carats, about a 20-years supply.
Threatened with bankruptcy, he decided to create a market himself. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3wnGBd55m8w68vBKO5gpKMZMkCeA8MPP4FklqNdvVlPxzzQXNDw4AnvfvnEqCyGpg6pjloHBstbbI1gMm9lW1_nsxglV2rlRojKq2JkHOYQb6By394SdwW07H-yNFjHEFCVsllT3vltg/s1600/james-bond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3wnGBd55m8w68vBKO5gpKMZMkCeA8MPP4FklqNdvVlPxzzQXNDw4AnvfvnEqCyGpg6pjloHBstbbI1gMm9lW1_nsxglV2rlRojKq2JkHOYQb6By394SdwW07H-yNFjHEFCVsllT3vltg/s200/james-bond.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">He
first found industrial applications for poor-quality diamonds in
manufacturing--diamond grinding wheel—which became an indispensable tool
for mass production. Oppenheimer sent his son Harry to New York City to
work with Madison Avenue strategists on a campaign touting the four
“C’s” of diamond perfection—cut, color, clarity, carat—helping sales to
increase more than 50 percent in two years. A new custom was
declared—diamond engagement rings—with the slogan “a diamond is
forever,” a slogan adapted by Ian Fleming for one of his James Bond novels.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>The Gold Fix</i></b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHVWbb8klGifbV9js83yE6EHV5os-uLWeTDiX0UYRpXzlhyFnYk_emau4FROXxN7PIAPEt4WNRPBgZd6Eg0nhPuTFSULhKyYS8ewG6LOl3efp6ABQ2yTydjhO3R_ZBCc49evtAgMXELls/s1600/fix.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHVWbb8klGifbV9js83yE6EHV5os-uLWeTDiX0UYRpXzlhyFnYk_emau4FROXxN7PIAPEt4WNRPBgZd6Eg0nhPuTFSULhKyYS8ewG6LOl3efp6ABQ2yTydjhO3R_ZBCc49evtAgMXELls/s200/fix.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">London
first became the world gold center in 1671 when Moses Mocatta arrived
from Amsterdam. His bank, called Mocatta & Goldsmid, would begin
operation in 1684, a mere ten years before the Bank of England was
established. Mocatta would act as broker for buying and selling foreign
gold that arrived at the Bank of England. Great Britain first adopted a
formal gold standard in 1816. Nathan Mayer Rothschild had his first
bullion dealings with the Bank of England in 1824; then Pixley &
Abel began operating in 1852, followed the next year by Samuel Montagu
& Company. Germany and the U.S. adopted the gold standard early in
the 1870’s. Most countries, however, suspended gold payments once World
War I commenced, and the gold standard collapsed. At war’s end in 1919
London became the center for “fixing” the price of gold twice a day in a
formal meeting at the Rothschild offices in New Court, St. Swithins
Lane in London.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Britain,
devastated by economic depression, abandoned the gold standard in 1931,
though the United States kept the price of gold fixed at $20.67 per
ounce until 1933, when America prohibited gold exports, ended
convertibility of dollars into gold, and mandated that all gold held by
citizens be exchanged for dollars. In January 1934 the price of gold was
devalued to $35 per ounce, and the gold standard resumed. London
continued its fixings until the outbreak of World War II in September
1939, when they were suspended for almost fifteen years. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The task of
keeping the sterling price of gold at $35 per ounce became increasingly
more difficult as the market grew. As early as 1961 the Bank of England
had to occasionally sell from its reserves on the fix to hold the $35
per ounce. This led to the creation of the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">gold pool</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">—an
alliance between central banks—to maintain the $35 level. The pool
worked well until 1965, when private buying of gold began to exceed mine
supply, forcing central banks to sell reserves into the market to hold
the price steady.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">A
run on gold in March 1968 resulted in suspension of gold selling in
London for two weeks—reopening with prices thereafter fixed in dollars
rather than sterling. The gold price, free to float, was set twice a
day, morning and afternoon. London’s action was followed two years later
by President Nixon, who in August 1971 repudiated the United States’
obligation to redeem its dollars in gold. By the end of 1974, gold had
soared from $35 to $195 per ounce.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Gold
is a stabilizing influence in global trade, useful in maintaining a
level of confidence in the government’s ability to ensure the value of
investments both at home and abroad. The author previously mentioned the
importance of gold in an article called “<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html#uds-search-results" target="_blank">Taking the Golden Eggs</a>.” The
strategic value of other metals was discussed in </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/condi.html" target="_self">“Who “Created” Condi Rice?”</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
These two articles are part of an ongoing project by this author to
describe the historical trail that has been taking America and the rest
of the world into a new world order—a centralized order where local
control no longer exists. Implicit in this new world order is the
recognition of one absolute truism: </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Power comes from controlling vital and strategic commodities.</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
The countries which are the sources of those commodities must,
therefore, be dominated and not allowed to exercise any form of
independence or nationalism.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>A Citizen of the World</i></b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Marc
Rich fits snugly into this new world order. Jack Quinn, Rich’s lead
attorney in charge of obtaining a pardon from President Clinton,
explained the crime for which Rich was convicted on CNN’s </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Larry King</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> program:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></span><span style="color: #444444;"><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This
case arose out of a complicated series of oil transactions that
occurred during the time when we had price controls on oil. And, in
essence, what happened was that Marc Rich and major United States oil
companies, including Arco, had linked domestic transactions to foreign
transactions in an effort, admittedly, to circumvent those price
controls. I think they were trying to do so lawfully. But what they
tried to do was to find a way to get the real value out of a price of
oil.</span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </span></span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><b>10</b></span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><b>]</b></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">For
years Howard Safir, working for Rudy Giuliani as his New York City
police commissioner and later as chief of operations for the U.S.
Marshals Service, had been tracking Rich down from one country to
another. Safir told Larry King: </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></span><span style="color: #444444;"><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">He
was hard to get because he had a great deal of influence in a lot of
countries, and we were pretty much restricted to just a few countries
where we could apprehend him. He had a Bolivian passport, he had a
Spanish passport. The Israelis were very clear they weren't going to
help us apprehend him. So it was very difficult to get him, plus he had a
lot of money….You know, Marc Rich is one of those people who considers
himself a citizen of the world, inconvenienced by the petty laws of
nations. And the message that this sends is outrageous.</span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </span></span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><b>[</b></span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><b>11</b></span><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><b>]</b></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Such
“world citizenship” makes perfect sense, of course, to those persons
who make their livelihood from global trade—what can best be termed the
merchant adventurer class which brought us slavery, tobacco, rum,
spices, and last but not least, opium. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">NOTES:</span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #5d5548; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> <b>[1]</b> A. Craig Copetas, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Metal Men: How Marc Rich Defrauded the Country, Evaded the Law, and Became the World’s Most Sought-After Corporate Criminal</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001).</span></span><br />
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[2]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Steven A. Holmes, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Ron Brown: An Uncommon Life</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000). According to Holmes,
the school was a favorite preparatory academy for sons of middle-class
black families.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[3]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>The Wall Street Journal</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, May 24, 1984.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[4]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Copetas, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Metal Men</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, 80.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[5]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Judith Ramsey Ehrlich and Barry J. Rehfeld, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>The New Crowd: The Changing of the Jewish Guard on Wall Street </i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">(New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1989), 197. </span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[6]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> This series will be continued as time permits. Interested readers are encouraged to read </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i><a href="http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/" target="_blank">George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">—by Webster G. Tarpley & Anton Chaitkin—for </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/chapter-4-the-center-of-power-is-in-washington/" target="_blank">more detail about the Pryor family’s link to the Bush network</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
which revolves around the Brown Brothers Harriman investment bank,
Rockefeller banking and oil interests, and investments of the Payne and
Whitney families.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[7]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Mark Honigsbaum, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>The Observer</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, May 13, 2001.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[8]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Edward Jay Epstein in </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>The Rise and Fall of Diamonds: The Shattering of a Brilliant Illusion</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982). (This book appears </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.edwardjayepstein.com/diamond/chap1.htm" target="_blank">online at Epstein’s website</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.) </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.edwardjayepstein.com/diamond/chap8.htm" target="_blank">Epstein adds</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">: </span><span class="size10 TimesRoman10" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"Until
the early part of the eighteenth century, the entire world's supply of
diamonds came from India. The caravans that brought them across Arabia
traded these rare stones to Jewish traders in Aden and Cairo for gold
and silver. The traders then resold them to Jewish merchants in Venice,
Lithuania, and Frankfurt. It was a natural enterprise for the Jews
scattered throughout central Europe: Since they were moneylenders, they
had to concern themselves with assessing, repairing, and selling gems
that had been offered to them as collateral for loans. They also had
close connections with the Jewish trading centers in the Ottoman Empire
through which all the Indian diamonds passed…. When the Jewish diamond
merchants and workers were forced by the Inquisition to flee from Lisbon
and Antwerp, they resettled in Amsterdam. Since cutting factories
required no equipment except for hand tools, which were portable, the
Jews instantly transformed Amsterdam into the diamond center of Europe.
By the middle of the seventeenth century, Jewish diamond merchants
helped finance the Dutch East India Company, which organized its own
trade route to India. So Amsterdam then replaced Lisbon as the port of
entry in Europe for India's diamonds. Just as the fields in India began
to cease yielding diamonds, more were discovered in 1725 in Brazil. The
Dutch maneuvered to gain control of this traffic, but now they had to
contend with the rise of British sea power. By the mid eighteenth
century, the British had almost completely taken over the trade in
diamonds, both from India and Brazil. As the trading center for uncut
diamonds shifted from Amsterdam to London, so did the Jewish diamond
merchants…. The Jewish traders sent the diamonds to cutting factories
that had been re-established in Antwerp, and from there, the jewels were
sold to all the royal courts of Europe. To select and evaluate these
diamonds, the courts chose Jewish gem experts, who became known as
‘Court Jews’ "</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[9]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Ibid.</i></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[10]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://quiz.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0102/08/lkl.00.html" target="_blank">Transcript</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> of "Larry King," February 8, 2001 broadcast at CNN website. </span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[11]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
Safir indicated as well that in 1986 Rich “had a lawyer from East
Germany offer $225 million for him and Pinky Green if the prosecutions
were wiped out.”</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-63808591623864414202012-10-04T22:30:00.002-05:002012-10-04T22:39:11.594-05:00The Nexus Between Politcs and Policy<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="size18 TrebuchetMS18" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>SOPHISTS AND OTHER SCOUNDRELS</i></b></span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div id="element11" style="height: 87px; left: 786px; position: absolute; top: 11px; width: 196px; z-index: 3;">
<div>
<span class="size18 TrebuchetMS18" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>SOPHISTS AND OTHER SCOUNDRELS</i></b></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #243c64; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Part I</b></span><span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #243c64; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span><span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #243c64; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>SCOOTER LIBBY’S MENTOR</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #243c64;"><b><span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14">©2005 by Linda Minor</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #243c64;"><b> </b></span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>The best defense is a good workup</i></b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
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<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibBL6yp5PwFiaox3pBclheVyakWqfyWZhBbpEXtgYRTexC_oT5RCtdBPgfbsxqd-gV-we0UEgmHaEhnehhBBUh1s2XMhS0pB75yG50YpE7n6AthWukWLvy5mHgPHrgjs8hGqWXLlqWa7Q/s1600/valerie-plame-joe-wilson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibBL6yp5PwFiaox3pBclheVyakWqfyWZhBbpEXtgYRTexC_oT5RCtdBPgfbsxqd-gV-we0UEgmHaEhnehhBBUh1s2XMhS0pB75yG50YpE7n6AthWukWLvy5mHgPHrgjs8hGqWXLlqWa7Q/s200/valerie-plame-joe-wilson.jpg" width="140" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Ambassador Joseph Wilson had no trouble knowing the difference between truth and falsehood. In a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>New York Times</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> piece that appeared July 2003 the former ambassador </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://southerncrossreview.org/34/wilson.htm" target="_blank">flatly stated</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">"President Bush's assertion that Saddam Hussein was seeking to acquire uranium from the African nation of Niger was </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>false</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> and should have been known by the Bush administration to be false." </span></span></blockquote>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The White House handlers then tried to punish Wilson for </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>daring to call a lie a lie</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> by instigating Robert Novak to leak classified information that Wilson's wife was an undercover CIA operative. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This
trick, that would have intimidated a man whose grasp of truth versus
fiction was less firm, infuriated Wilson, who, instead of backing off,
continued to confront those <a href="http://southerncrossreview.org/34/wilson.htm" target="_blank">he labeled</a>:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: red; font-family: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Verdana, Geneva;"><span style="font-size: large;">T</span><span style="font-size: small;">HE </span><span style="font-size: large;">C</span><span style="font-size: small;">ULT </span><span style="font-size: large;">T</span><span style="font-size: small;">HAT'S <span style="font-size: large;">R</span><span style="font-size: small;">UNNING THE </span>
<span style="font-size: large;">C</span><span style="font-size: small;">OUNTRY </span></span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></blockquote>
</div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsGt6bps1-j1e8Whh4oDHkYF0vMIfaQ8e6FG3Z_P0NwIX1097GQKIN44oNokPnZWijKXGZbmRmcFbHabKlt7cH0p1zmobNvhX40qNiNVDTuu6h2eGQKhgNkff0a9S3ViXKzWOqgev5G6o/s1600/1007_wmd_bhead.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsGt6bps1-j1e8Whh4oDHkYF0vMIfaQ8e6FG3Z_P0NwIX1097GQKIN44oNokPnZWijKXGZbmRmcFbHabKlt7cH0p1zmobNvhX40qNiNVDTuu6h2eGQKhgNkff0a9S3ViXKzWOqgev5G6o/s1600/1007_wmd_bhead.jpg" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Why
did Joe Wilson continue to confront the Bush administration in the wake
of disclosures that his wife worked undercover for the CIA? In
Socratic response, the former Ambassador would pose yet another
question: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Did we go to war under false pretenses?</span></span></span> </span></blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Wilson
was the first person with any clout who had publicly questioned the
veracity of the reason Bush gave for precipitating the war in Iraq. Bush
<a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/09/capitalizing-anti-communism.html" target="_blank">claimed in only sixteen words</a> inserted into a speech he gave that Iraq and Saddam possessed actual weapons of mass destruction.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
Tying the invasion of Iraq to the accusation that it possessed such weapons was an
essential legal (not just political) ingredient in being able to finance
the war and to collect private loans and claims through the United
Nations. (“</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The Course of Deception.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">”)</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Wilson
focused on </span><br />
<ol>
<li><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">the political aspect of the leak and </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></li>
<li><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">who was
orchestrating it. </span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Where Politics Intersects with Policy</span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_2HQAYUU6FyretaFHfOHBkgV1s7MdGmHHdxpNYh4oC14rEMWNxMGwoSk2zm5nj9oA3C7yVQbqicAyXG5731Jn5jFU_JLlOZHpk4odRtMV1KAbo8jfitdLfjAWabljivOiqP2swB0GCYk/s1600/fair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_2HQAYUU6FyretaFHfOHBkgV1s7MdGmHHdxpNYh4oC14rEMWNxMGwoSk2zm5nj9oA3C7yVQbqicAyXG5731Jn5jFU_JLlOZHpk4odRtMV1KAbo8jfitdLfjAWabljivOiqP2swB0GCYk/s200/fair.jpg" width="134" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It did not matter to him what legal or financial
agenda was used to justify the motives of those who revealed the classified information to the
public. He only wanted the <i>truth</i>, and, as he stated in his book, published in 2004, </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">“truth may be
found at the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>nexus between policy and politics</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
in the White House.” </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK20QQz9gyg4acWsSDNo5KHM9faG3fiRMZV4ovs22bRmVuD_ePTm2Clevqsa_xRinHqTvE5B6aYcdMyVsUep6CZ8Fw-1N4cgScD73dN9uyVfiqb4DZjThXcM4wLz-_5eSc0oBOwwzQ2XE/s1600/nexus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK20QQz9gyg4acWsSDNo5KHM9faG3fiRMZV4ovs22bRmVuD_ePTm2Clevqsa_xRinHqTvE5B6aYcdMyVsUep6CZ8Fw-1N4cgScD73dN9uyVfiqb4DZjThXcM4wLz-_5eSc0oBOwwzQ2XE/s200/nexus.jpg" width="172" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">T</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">hat nexus, according to Wilson, was Dick Cheney's office, where the Vice President with
his chief of staff, I. Lewis “Scooter” Libby, set out to do the “workup”
on Wilson that led to the “outing” of Plame. It was a political motive that created a vile policy that dragged the United States into a brutal war, attacking in the process those who would tell the truth about the non-existence of nuclear weapons that justified their attack on Iraq at that time. Perhaps there was a personal motive as well, since the war in Iraq put millions of dollars into the pockets of Cheney's former pals at Halliburton, who benefited from their contracts in that war.</span><br />
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">A "Wilson" Problem</span></b></i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbDPiXgH3oosy_29nqS7s66ApuhPgH2nubi7Wnsu8XbNhB9h6KKDPLh9OOJpjVVr0OlKivwA6J4uw0yzPzYpSUF-k-ZYGN4zLx5tyMY6MHBtHPJS1_63bKkVx17g8hUsQMbzYIjxVDBy8/s1600/scooter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbDPiXgH3oosy_29nqS7s66ApuhPgH2nubi7Wnsu8XbNhB9h6KKDPLh9OOJpjVVr0OlKivwA6J4uw0yzPzYpSUF-k-ZYGN4zLx5tyMY6MHBtHPJS1_63bKkVx17g8hUsQMbzYIjxVDBy8/s200/scooter.jpg" width="121" /></a></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The
strategy the two men set up in Cheney's office was, as Wilson put it, “to confront the issue as a 'Wilson' problem rather than
as an issue of the lie that was in the State of the Union address.” Thus, in the months following the publication of Wilson’s </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">July 2003 </span>article, Scooter Libby openly called Wilson “an ‘asshole playboy’ who went
on a boondoggle ‘arranged by his CIA wife’”--an outright lie created to attack the only man who stood in the way of getting away with the pretense given for invading Iraq, and they tried to hide behind the defense that th<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ey "<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">did not know the undercover status
of Valerie Plame, and therefore, though they may have disclosed her
name, they did not commit a crime."</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This intimidation was designed to silence Wilson and prevent
any further inquiry into who stood to benefit from the war ignited by their lie. But it did not work. Instead, Wilson looked into other men who may have been used as tools to do the leaking (</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">"John Hannah and David Wurmser, mid-level political appointees in the
vice president’s office, have both been suggested as sources of the
leaks"), and then concluded: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #783f04;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">Time will tell if that defense </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10"><span class="size10 Helvetica10">— </span>which strikes me as sophistry and a legal refuge for scoundrels — holds up.</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Use of the word “sophistry” by the classically educated ambassador clearly
implies that Wilson suspected Scooter Libby to be, like the Sophists
who convicted Socrates, in the employ of someone other than duly elected
officials of the Republic. </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[3]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b> </b>To find out who could have been backing their actions necessitates the following research into the network from which they rose.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Scooter Libby's Network</i></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Irving Lewis Libby, Jr.,</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> was
born in Connecticut in 1950, grew up in Miami Beach, Florida, attended Andover, then
Yale, followed by law school at Columbia in Manhattan. His father, known as Irve L. Libby, was a successful men's clothier, active in the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers. He started out running Nat Greenblatt stores in New Haven and Gemmill-Burnham in Hartford, Connecticut, before relocated his home in 1952 to Washington, D.C. when he bought Grosner's. </span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNDSIu3L5JLKkoh4UE49ftiK_IKSKsxlh_EGhjIygITue1owYQlmIhuq1Zm3R6FH7C_S6d0RbuOa1HSMYl2v4A5A2SWpkYNYK5IM0EJ-XSqeHWwD2e9ydl8x66BejnM_yVdjPXKsFYiRo/s1600/Irve+Libby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNDSIu3L5JLKkoh4UE49ftiK_IKSKsxlh_EGhjIygITue1owYQlmIhuq1Zm3R6FH7C_S6d0RbuOa1HSMYl2v4A5A2SWpkYNYK5IM0EJ-XSqeHWwD2e9ydl8x66BejnM_yVdjPXKsFYiRo/s400/Irve+Libby.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Irve L. Libby of Grosner, Inc., men's clothing store</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinmqACXVaW3_eXwc2Zg3V7scNByg-d9k3LGiw-ksSxuq5t80Y0MQwnqGus0ZCFsVf8pE7vjOlbzKqZSB2Qr3QM8VSnq4sOtmUP0DzzvymOIYFu-LxhC2JHx4YoH6Bs00e4OmvlJot6lAU/s1600/Irve+L.+Libby_Grosner_1952.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinmqACXVaW3_eXwc2Zg3V7scNByg-d9k3LGiw-ksSxuq5t80Y0MQwnqGus0ZCFsVf8pE7vjOlbzKqZSB2Qr3QM8VSnq4sOtmUP0DzzvymOIYFu-LxhC2JHx4YoH6Bs00e4OmvlJot6lAU/s640/Irve+L.+Libby_Grosner_1952.jpg" width="171" /></a></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Since becoming
an attorney in 1975, Libby passed back and forth between the public and
private sectors, with various assignments in the “government” coordinated
through his former Yale professor, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Paul Wolfowitz.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">During the private phase of his legal career his guide and mentor was none other than</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b> </b>Leonard Garme</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">nt, who succeeded John Dean as White House counsel for Richard Nixon following the Watergate disclosures. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Though Leonard Garment was Brooklyn born and educated, both his parents were born in Minsk, Russia and spoke Yiddish.</span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[4]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
Garment received both his undergraduate and law degrees from Brooklyn
University and landed his first job as a lawyer in 1949 only one subway
stop from his Brooklyn home, at the law firm of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Mudge, Rose, Guthrie & Alexander</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">—then known as </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Mudge, Stern, Williams & Tucker</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[5]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">He
was still there fourteen years later when Richard Nixon became the
firm’s senior partner — a rise in status brokered by two corporate
executives — </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Elmer H. Bobst</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> and </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Donald M. Kendall</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,815988,00.html" target="_blank">Bobst</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
chairman of Warner-Lambert Pharmaceuticals (for many years a major
client of Mudge, Stern), had first met Nixon in 1952 while campaigning
with Dwight Eisenhower, then president of New York’s Columbia
University. Bobst and his wife, the former </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Mamdouha As-Sayyid</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, a Lebanese social scientist at the United Nations, established a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">trust fund for Nixon’s daughters, Julie and Tricia</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, and also became the largest contributors to the Nixon library in California and its New York satellite at the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nixoncenter.org/publications/CLINTON.html" target="_blank">Bobst archive</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> collection at NYU.<b> </b></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[6]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></b></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The Bobsts were intimately connected to a myriad of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #243c64; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>tax-exempt medical and pharmaceutical cancer-related research societies</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> whose boards of directors linked them with a fascinating group of political cronies who achieved passage of the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>National Cancer Act in 1971</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[7]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> The purpose of this federal statute was </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">to create government funding for cancer research</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
separate from existing research facilities and thus to funnel money
through grants to the favorite universities of the persons who were
appointed to sit on the cancer boards. </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[8]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Such
“charitable” conglomerates also afford a means for wealthy persons not
only to launder money through non-taxable charities, but at the same
time to achieve a high level of prestige for themselves as
“philanthropists”. This financial model was set up centuries ago and is
still followed today with great success. The descendants of the
oligopolists who designed the model are today based in central
Europe—namely Switzerland—where the major pharmaceutical corporations,
as well as “world peace” organizations, World Court, World Bank, and
last but not least the Bank for International Settlements have their
headquarters.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">These Swiss banks, corporations and non-governmental organizations mentioned above </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #243c64; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>control not only the legal drug trade, but the illegal one as well</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #243c64; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
The best way to illustrate how the illegal drug trade is controlled
politically is to look at Donald Kendall’s instrumental role in Nixon’s
promotion to senior partner of Mudge, Rose in 1963. Kendall, then
President of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Pepsi-Cola</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> "offered the firm a large retainer if it would make the services of the
former Vice President available to his company, which was then in the
throes of a drag-out sales battle with Coca-Cola for the cola
championship of the world.” </span></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[9]</span></b></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHph9yX5qmGZvCxyu9_MSsMpv7OUODq6ourjrADQEYxLCr2vtq9E6uAEdRh3hsDPTu6RhAjE7tiCKnObBwAwu01oj0Geg269auXOjTS86IMKyr8C0oP0zmylKJAb90_fAlq3G_6pSDOoc/s1600/heroin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHph9yX5qmGZvCxyu9_MSsMpv7OUODq6ourjrADQEYxLCr2vtq9E6uAEdRh3hsDPTu6RhAjE7tiCKnObBwAwu01oj0Geg269auXOjTS86IMKyr8C0oP0zmylKJAb90_fAlq3G_6pSDOoc/s200/heroin.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Refining opium in Laos</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMGjhk2n0Nvm3pAO9Zszs9oILn1lOSgoogANE-Tk2NhSMOry2F_Ao9naw1RKNwWi7iBEkmxQXLI6U7F4zBsjVEhevq-lUXpae3QXy_jnNcqYSI8lhFc4hYvzOf2a37CrhlTH2KO4C64CA/s1600/pepsi-bottle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMGjhk2n0Nvm3pAO9Zszs9oILn1lOSgoogANE-Tk2NhSMOry2F_Ao9naw1RKNwWi7iBEkmxQXLI6U7F4zBsjVEhevq-lUXpae3QXy_jnNcqYSI8lhFc4hYvzOf2a37CrhlTH2KO4C64CA/s200/pepsi-bottle.jpg" width="84" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Pepsi, as a result of Nixon’s détente policies, would eventually control the market in the Soviet Union and China. </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[10]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Pepsi, through Chinese entrepreneur </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Huu Tim Heng</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, disguised its </span><a href="http://www.erowid.org/plants/poppy/poppy_article2.shtml" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #243c64; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">heroin refinery in Laos</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: #243c64; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">by
building a bottling factory on the outskirts of Ventiane, of which
Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma’s son, Panya, was president. Construction of the plant began in 1965 by Heng and two other Chinese
financiers with </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>funding from USAID</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">. According to </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Alfred McCoy</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
Heng used “his Pepsi operation as a cover for purchases of chemicals
vital to the processing of heroin, such as ether and acetic anhydride,
and for large financial transactions.” </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[11]</span></b></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>The Quaker’s “second-class characters”</i></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Once
he had been bought and paid for by these ambitious tycoons, Nixon,
putty that he was, became easily molded into whatever shape was
convenient for those directing the strategy to elect him in 1968. It is
no accident that the law firm chosen to coordinate this campaign was
the counsel in the United States for the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas
(Swisse), S.A. in Geneva.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> <b>[12</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b> Randall H. Guthrie, who handled the Paribas account in the United
States, once told a prospective corporate takeover target being raided
by a competitor Guthrie represented: </span></div>
<div align="center">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">“Gentlemen, … you are about to be raped. </span></span></div>
<div align="center">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Now, why don’t you lay back and enjoy it?”</span> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[13]</b> </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Z7Zf3y9Pef8IV9h8ampmLwgoDA3DosmcqbkV6kpmr0v3Cb-IpXC7IsdSVCR3w4-pOJ2vdYFfBhK1zvF7tYPF3-zZMi7u148GmAraaLKjWKN0qFDK-40ooWg78NO4L-bJP7U41Djj30s/s1600/sindona.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Z7Zf3y9Pef8IV9h8ampmLwgoDA3DosmcqbkV6kpmr0v3Cb-IpXC7IsdSVCR3w4-pOJ2vdYFfBhK1zvF7tYPF3-zZMi7u148GmAraaLKjWKN0qFDK-40ooWg78NO4L-bJP7U41Djj30s/s200/sindona.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Guthrie’s sardonic sense of humor was evidenced by a standing joke he shared with international banker and money launderer </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Michele Sindona</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
who made numerous visits to Guthrie’s New York office to discuss
financial matters involving Paribas. Questioned by Sindona about “the
odd Quaker,” whose name had mysteriously appeared in the first position
on the door, Guthrie laughingly cautioned Sindona not to become involved
in any investment schemes Nixon was peddling for his “oilman client” or
the other “second-class characters” he represented. </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[14] </span></b></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Guthrie
operated within a more cultured milieu, mingling as he did with
financiers such as Jean Reyre of Paris, who in 1968 headed an investment
syndicate comprised of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Paribas</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> (of which Reyre was then managing director), </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Hambros Bank</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> of London and </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Lehman Brothers</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
of New York. These foreign investors attempted to join with Sindona as
manager in founding a new Italian investment bank which aspired to
greatness in international commerce.<b> </b></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[15]</span></b></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKKAybIxPYEDqaNqjfOXis5h3NA8lLjkeNQ6SDaA47ZILv-HzHWQ68TODdYiE4IEthZUCUZObJFIy6_PGI5_6pj4HekSQGfDdFF5jnnANRUNFEPbhCeCPEKCapZiABAOquyXGD6aad4WI/s1600/kennedy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKKAybIxPYEDqaNqjfOXis5h3NA8lLjkeNQ6SDaA47ZILv-HzHWQ68TODdYiE4IEthZUCUZObJFIy6_PGI5_6pj4HekSQGfDdFF5jnnANRUNFEPbhCeCPEKCapZiABAOquyXGD6aad4WI/s1600/kennedy.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David M. Kennedy</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Every attempt at this goal, however, failed as a result of—Sindona claimed—interference from Italian leftists such as </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Enrico Cuccia</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
head of Mediobanca, Italy's government-owned financial institution.
Sindona whined that Cuccia had spread “false rumors” of his laundering
Mafia funds through the Chicago commodity exchanges. Another
participant in the money-laundering scheme was </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Nixon’s first Treasury Secretary </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">David M. Kennedy</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, formerly president of the Continental Illinois Bank, another illustrious client of Mudge, Rose.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuUvw5J6wQ9cdAurOwKL8whqAdLfcEeDKARgPmDNIAfAPz6ODsablJr44_SSXGCvTiKQxfgNWu3LzMo-gSOQMzUKpmEjJUlSY2V2Y9mxX4zx0ENI7F3n-iC7p0oZEKXfns6U2kwsPLQK8/s1600/blackfriars.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuUvw5J6wQ9cdAurOwKL8whqAdLfcEeDKARgPmDNIAfAPz6ODsablJr44_SSXGCvTiKQxfgNWu3LzMo-gSOQMzUKpmEjJUlSY2V2Y9mxX4zx0ENI7F3n-iC7p0oZEKXfns6U2kwsPLQK8/s1600/blackfriars.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blackfriars' Bridge, London</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">More
than a decade later, facing prison first in New York and then in Italy,
Sindona was still being represented by Mudge, Rose, with the firm’s
attorney John J. Kirby assisting other counsel in defending him on
charges of fraud, perjury and misappropriation of funds following the
looting of Franklin National Bank of New York (purchased by Sindona in
1972). It was this New York bank failure which triggered the collapse
of the Vatican Bank in 1974 and the subsequent death of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Robert Calvi</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, the Vatican banker found hanging from London’s Blackfriars Bridge in London. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[16]</b> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Kirby just happened to be in Milan, Italy for court hearings on July 11, 1979, when </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Giorgio Ambrosoli</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
liquidator for Sindona’s Banca Privata, was murdered by a confessed hit
man from Long Island, New York, who fingered Sindona as the man who had
hired him</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.<b>[17]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">So here you have a quick snapshot of the upstanding </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>law firm where Leonard Garment spent more than two decades as a lawyer</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.
He had another, much shorter career as well—before 1949—as a jazz
musician, an occupation shared with fellow clarinet and tenor saxophone
player </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Alan Greenspan</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[18]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
It was Garment, in fact, who first brought Greenspan into public life
by introducing Nixon before the 1968 election to the erstwhile reed man
and aspiring economist—graduate of Neocon strongholds, New York
University and Columbia. When Garment and law partner John Mitchell
accompanied Nixon to the White House in 1969, Greenspan trailed behind
as an adviser, later being named chair of the Council of Economic
Advisors. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK_GZx6dHYbEtknUXBlMxyJ6TcxyifEQ49B8IXzWwu7m9ZflONdZrd2OsTuqsgMOyVJMcXZFq8ZPgJt2m-I56187sRrxvWAcz1CxgZSi5k-PIaj4eaOyQA-LybGCL70bVboZbbwSP94VM/s1600/Garment_and_neocons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK_GZx6dHYbEtknUXBlMxyJ6TcxyifEQ49B8IXzWwu7m9ZflONdZrd2OsTuqsgMOyVJMcXZFq8ZPgJt2m-I56187sRrxvWAcz1CxgZSi5k-PIaj4eaOyQA-LybGCL70bVboZbbwSP94VM/s320/Garment_and_neocons.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It was all one big happy family. Then there was Watergate. </span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>After the Fall</i></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Garment,
amazingly untouched by the scandal, remained in Washington, giving
direction to Gerald Ford, particularly with regard to “Jewish issues,”
which he had coordinated for Nixon. He brought in the Republicans’
first Jewish fund-raiser, Detroit businessman </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Max Fisher<b>,</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
who quickly set up a back channel of communications between Nixon and
Golda Meir of Israel. Fisher and Garment arranged for Meir to talk to
Nixon at the White House in September 1969.<b> </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[19]</b> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> According to his </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Who’s Who</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> biography:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTOc_3u5RJr6BWmh982RXjNXGRgjP0Y0l_E61xgT6AAg3duDQjBbM9TfJcKIjGnGWeFTEyhynv_rHMCtYd8V9dy9TSlJqxHcRj7D2_YTnOwGo5Cmj9SK6NlHcRXerOOqXH7fkDZ0umQTA/s1600/Fisher_with_Ben-Gurion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTOc_3u5RJr6BWmh982RXjNXGRgjP0Y0l_E61xgT6AAg3duDQjBbM9TfJcKIjGnGWeFTEyhynv_rHMCtYd8V9dy9TSlJqxHcRj7D2_YTnOwGo5Cmj9SK6NlHcRXerOOqXH7fkDZ0umQTA/s1600/Fisher_with_Ben-Gurion.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David Ben-Gurion with Max Fisher</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
“Fisher's life was changed by a trip to Israel with the United Jewish
Appeal in 1954 [when he first met David Ben-Gurion]. The experience led
to a lifelong commitment to both Israel and the Jewish community at
large. He raised money, made donations and held leadership positions in
such important organizations as the Council of Jewish Federations
(1969-1972), United Israel Appeal (1968-1971) and the Board of Governors
of the Jewish Agency for Israel (1971-1983).” </span></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">For seven years Garment would work alongside Fisher, coordinating public relations with Israel and with </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">American Zionists</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
first for Nixon and later for Gerald Ford. They were particularly busy
in early in 1970 preparing for a visit by French President Georges
Pompidou and his wife, to no avail. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Alfred M. Lilienthal<b> </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">described the February events as follows:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsJawRL-iaq5-XBIikFyTirFI5LNsHg0Zl4TqKkiJBSm1A9naF1OXITPVuYpASRfX2JqQ5TDjr31SaiRWPknVLy5mRMMbronfPRmezdXFiwsXdRNKi_-kPF6UdoW2sGpkv_JYJiynWalk/s1600/phantom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsJawRL-iaq5-XBIikFyTirFI5LNsHg0Zl4TqKkiJBSm1A9naF1OXITPVuYpASRfX2JqQ5TDjr31SaiRWPknVLy5mRMMbronfPRmezdXFiwsXdRNKi_-kPF6UdoW2sGpkv_JYJiynWalk/s200/phantom.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Phantom for Israel</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkhLsjYkG1lKxBLdcc7888pzy1CWArvnXmxYLPJFuDXjj_DDkj2grP_SbKoAXEBHIrLR2phm2zsBj1PMd1R6tUOViK4FxfvMVyvql_iGKomguz1u393MQ77F9cyVHGVrDwzvTxcd5dnI8/s1600/aipac.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="73" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkhLsjYkG1lKxBLdcc7888pzy1CWArvnXmxYLPJFuDXjj_DDkj2grP_SbKoAXEBHIrLR2phm2zsBj1PMd1R6tUOViK4FxfvMVyvql_iGKomguz1u393MQ77F9cyVHGVrDwzvTxcd5dnI8/s200/aipac.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">“The
indignation with which the presidents of American Jewish organizations
received word of the cancellation of their New York meeting with
President Pompidou can appropriately be described as "chutzpah," the
Yiddish word for colossal gall. Weeks before the visit, organized Jewry
had gone into action. On January 28 a Jewish delegation visited New
York's Mayor Lindsay to make certain there would be no reception there
for President Pompidou. A few days later plans were advanced for
picketing demonstrations in New York, Westchester County, Chicago, and
other cities on the Pompidou route. It was then that certain
congressmen, led by </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Israelists Bertram Podell and Lester Wolff — both [Congressmen] of New York,</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
called for a boycott of the French President's address to the Joint
Session of Congress. A full-page advertisement under the aegis of the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i> American-Israel Public Affairs Committee</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b> </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" target="_blank">[AIPAC</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" target="_blank">]</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> which
called for Phantoms for Israel to counterbalance Mirages for Libya and
was signed by 64 Senators and 243 Representatives, added to the rising
temperature.”<b> </b></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[20]</span></b></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9O8xd-GvvD_MGIZpk5R_rPZ-Ubgz1DzJPRtf9HPsCXF4GWSVsfht10JWYalBW9xMFvhyt9xuqoS30jtJ5yGkZyEQxJ-6M27UlDOBD0mkODjxaCTdyAJ1iTLybvaP-Clm1hrlfjK1mlP8/s1600/Mirage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9O8xd-GvvD_MGIZpk5R_rPZ-Ubgz1DzJPRtf9HPsCXF4GWSVsfht10JWYalBW9xMFvhyt9xuqoS30jtJ5yGkZyEQxJ-6M27UlDOBD0mkODjxaCTdyAJ1iTLybvaP-Clm1hrlfjK1mlP8/s320/Mirage.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mirages for Libya</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Nixon—whether
acting on behalf of the American government or at the behest of his
former law firm—made a special effort to soothe the couple’s ruffled
feathers. Mudge, Rose’s ties to </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Banque Paribas</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> (founded by James Rothschild in 1872) may have extended to a hidden connection to Pompidou, a former professor </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>personally selected by Guy de Rothschild to be general director of Rothschild Frères</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
before he became President of France, replacing Charles de Gaulle. Both
De Gaulle and Pompidou were virulently antagonistic to the interests of
the State of Israel—which was, coincidentally, being financed by Guy’s
cousin Edmond.<b> </b></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[21]</span></b></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Gerald
Ford’s short-lived administration saw the promotion of youthful Dick
Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld into public view, as described in an article by Linda Minor, "</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Halliburton.html" target="_self">The Halliburton Riddle."</a></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>And a few illegal scoundrels</i></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Garment
and Fisher found it expedient to wander away from Washington in order
to take care of other pressing problems, although both “court Jews” (as
they were sometimes called) actively campaigned for Ford’s reelection in
1976. Once Ford was defeated, Garment returned to his job at Mudge,
Rose, which had taken Nixon's name off its masthead.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhyo3KER1OWUO8_y6lC0IvXrv0UEIYZNhr77vQiznJSsNE5Rbs0_0GGI_6Uiul7W2_ffU2V4jC62_FOlAi3yWs6aqnnBS2I058gmLhRiRcU2c_R1rWFUnnhdgoBiAMk5aTEluyklp35UY/s1600/unitedfruit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhyo3KER1OWUO8_y6lC0IvXrv0UEIYZNhr77vQiznJSsNE5Rbs0_0GGI_6Uiul7W2_ffU2V4jC62_FOlAi3yWs6aqnnBS2I058gmLhRiRcU2c_R1rWFUnnhdgoBiAMk5aTEluyklp35UY/s200/unitedfruit.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Fisher
was already bogged down in attempting to rescue the Israeli government
from a potentially devastating political scandal. In May 1975 Fisher had
become chairman of United Brands, a corporation which his predecessor,
<a href="http://www.thehallofinfamy.org/inductees.php?action=detail&artist=eli_black" target="_blank">Eli M. Black,</a> had created from the old CIA-connected United Fruit Co.,
in which Fisher was a large shareholder. </span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Fisher was called in to run United Brands after Eli Black ...</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 TimesRoman11" style="color: black;">“created
a major mystery by smashing a quarter-inch-thick glass window in his
Manhattan office and plunging through it to his death on the pavement 44
floors below. Black's relatives said that they knew of nothing that
might have driven the executive, who was a descendant of ten generations
of rabbis and a former rabbi himself to take his life.”</span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[22]</span></b></div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Black’s
self-murder came on the heels of a very bad year for him and the
company— suffering from a $47 million corporate loss on sales of more
than $2 billion. Black also found himself</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">“at
the center of an about-to-break case of international bribery that
might topple the government of Honduras, hurt U.S. relations with Latin
America and cause United Brands still greater losses,” according to the
disclosure in </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> magazine, which elaborated: “Under its former name of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">United Fruit Co.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, United Brands' banana operations had been synonymous with Yanqui imperialism; United Fruit was widely known as </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>el pulpo</i></span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">, or the octopus.”</span> </span></div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Possibly the money disappeared down the same black hole, described later in the same article, which reveals the</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">“latest
developments in a complex contretemps that involves, besides the state
of Israel, a Baron de Rothschild, a shady Swiss bank with a record of
ties to the Mafia, secret Liechtenstein trust accounts, a hero of the
World War II Hungarian underground and scores of millions in missing
funds.”</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Sounds like a review for the latest Robert Ludlum thriller. But no, this is non-fiction!</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyMctOrCz28GraMgBIc9xO5lph0YRF6kdxntxaDuuQX_Z4zjJc_rQxayqai-qiu4rX5aAFKAWJhtlwj2rMJrbZQ8rwLTsajaQ1Dp_18s5YSXpHyEeUdRycoLfNCS2LPiDSWGQt_M41wM/s1600/ROSENBAUM+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyMctOrCz28GraMgBIc9xO5lph0YRF6kdxntxaDuuQX_Z4zjJc_rQxayqai-qiu4rX5aAFKAWJhtlwj2rMJrbZQ8rwLTsajaQ1Dp_18s5YSXpHyEeUdRycoLfNCS2LPiDSWGQt_M41wM/s200/ROSENBAUM+3.jpg" width="138" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tibor Rosenbaum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It seems that the International Credit Bank (I.C.B.) in Geneva, created by </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Drug_War/DOPE_INC_part3.html" target="_blank">Tibor Rosenbaum</a></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">“was singled out by </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Life</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
magazine in 1967 as one of the Swiss banks that accepted funds that the
Mafia had skimmed from casinos in the U.S. and the Bahamas, then
recycled into Mob-controlled American businesses. At the same time,
Rosenbaum, who played a major role in rescuing many of his fellow Jews
during the Nazi occupation of his native Hungary, developed close
relations with Israeli leaders. I.C.B. financed oil deals and huge,
hushed arms transactions for Israel. Rosenbaum was also highly respected
by many Jews around the world, who often used his bank to deposit funds
for investment in Israel; indeed, until February he was treasurer of
the World Jewish Congress.”</span></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> [23]</span></b></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Could
it be that those Catholic Mafiosi suspected someone of skimming their
share of the profits and using them for Israeli defense? Could they have
taken their revenge out on Rabbi Black perhaps? Unfortunately for us,
dead men don’t tell tales. <b>[</b></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">24</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></b></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It
was only a few months after the dust had settled from the
Italian-Israeli mafia gang war that Garment’s name surfaced in
connection with the Sindona case. In fact, he was actually working on
the case with white-collar-crime specialist Robert Kasanof, of another
New York law firm, only one month after Gerald Ford was defeated
(December 1976), at the same time his own wife, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Grace Garment</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, who had been missing for seven weeks, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.popmatters.com/books/reviews/c/crazy-rhythm.shtml" target="_blank">committed suicide</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> in a Boston hotel room, though her body was not identified for almost a week after her death.<b> [</b></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">25</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>]</b> Despite the obvious trauma Garment must have suffered, he continued to work on Sindona’s case. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">More
visible than Garment, however, was his associate John J. Kirby, Jr.,
who handled court appearances while Garment spent his time behind the
scenes, lobbying with friend Daniel Patrick Moynihan to make sure that
the U.S. Attorneys with whom they had been negotiating on an ad hoc
basis would not be replaced once the Carter administration moved into
office in 1977. <b>[</b></span><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">26</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">] </span></b></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Scooter
Libby, listening to the wild tales Len Garment, his career mentor, may
have regaled him with, perhaps e thought he could never rise to such
heights himself. </span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">But then, there was Marc Rich.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Stay tuned for PART 2—LIBBY’S CLIENT, MARC RICH.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>NOTES:</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[1]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> All quotes from Wilson: Joseph Wilson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies That Led to War and Exposed My Wife's CIA Identity</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2004), 441-2 An </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.southerncrossreview.org/34/wilson.htm" target="_blank">excerpt</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> from the book appears online at Southern Cross Review website.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[2]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
The search for truth was the mission which motivated Socrates in the
fourth century B.C., and it was his probing which was rewarded with the
hemlock cocktail, specially prepared by the sophists of his day. The
decline of Athenian democracy was advanced by paid “intellectuals,” who
acted as mouthpieces of hidden oligarchs who compensated them. Today’s
Neocon network is identical to the Athenian network of sophists who
destroyed that republic. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[3] </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">With
regard to Wilson’s statement above, and his decision to entitle his
book “politics of truth,” see one of Plato’s Dialogues where it is
stated: “…how melancholy, if there be such a thing as truth or certainty
or possibility of knowledge—that a man should have lighted upon some
argument or other which at first seemed true and then turned out to be
false, and instead of blaming himself and his own want of wit, because
he is annoyed, should at last be too glad to transfer the blame from
himself to arguments in general: and for ever afterwards should hate and
revile them, and lose truth and the knowledge of realities.” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/socialcommentary/Phaedo/chap4.html" target="_blank">Plato, </a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/socialcommentary/Phaedo/chap4.html" target="_blank">Phaedo</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, Part III.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">4</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">] </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
The 1920 U.S. Census shows the family of John Garment living at 277
Pennsylvania Avenue in Brooklyn four years before Leonard was born.
John Garment worked as a “ladies tailor” proprietor. The apartment
building tenants were overwhelmingly Russian Jews—both John and his wife
Jennie having been born in Minsk.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">5</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
Brooklyn Law School’s first forty years was under the sponsorship of
the blue-blood upstate St. Lawrence University, whose trustees “had for
years been operating the Law School as a profit center, or, in the
parlance of law school educators, as a cash cow—milking the school’s
earnings and preventing the law school from building even a modest
endowment…” In 1943 St. Lawrence “announced plans to shut Brooklyn Law
School down. Later, a legal historian would write: ‘Perhaps St.
Lawrence did not fully realize how much it meant to people struggling
for a living to have their [children] enter the professional class and
secure a...degree. No sacrifice was too great for this....The great
service of the Brooklyn Law School was that it offered a professional
education for those who would have found it very difficult and often
impossible to get it elsewhere.’ … St. Lawrence’s liquidation plan
galvanized many of them [alumni] into action. They saved the school from
extinction, but at great cost. Judge [William H.] Carswell and Dean
Prince negotiated the repurchase of the school’s assets from St.
Lawrence so that the school could continue to operate as an independent
institution.”</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">The
bulletin also recognizes Leonard Garment among a list of less
recognizable fellow alumni: “During [the early 1960’s]…, the School
continued to produce talented lawyers who would have very distinguished
careers: • Second Circuit Judge Frank Altimari • District Judges Henry
Bramwell, Leo Glasser, Arthur Spatt, Mary Johnson Lowe, Sterling
Johnson, Jr., and Edward Korman • State Court Judges Allen Beldock,
William Thompson, Gilbert Ramirez and Bernard Fried • White House
Counsel Leonard Garment • Public Servants David Dinkins, Herman Badillo,
Benjamin Ward, Howard Golden, Nicholas Scopetta • Poverty law pioneer
Edward Sparer • City Bar Association President and Proskauer partner
Robert Kaufman • Metromedia Executive Vice President Stuart Subotnick •
Professors Richard Farrell, Nancy Fink, Martin Hauptman, and Robert
Pitler.”</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[6</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Speaking at the dedication ceremony for </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.nixoncenter.org/publications/CLINTON.html" target="_blank">The Nixon Center,</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
funded by the Bobsts’ foundation, Tricia Nixon Cox stated: “An
extraordinary person whose life personified the idea of being dedicated
to worthy causes was Elmer Holmes Bobst. He was a self-made man whose
intelligence, character, loyalty, patriotism, courage and generosity in
many areas, including education and cancer research, made him an
embodiment of the American dream. A mentor and father-figure to my
father in all seasons since 1953, Elmer Bobst, or </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Uncle Elmer</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
as Julie and I called him, was also a singular friend, who with his
wife Mamdouha shared my father's vision of a more just and peaceful
world -- a world made possible by hard-headed detente, enlightened
self-interest, and a strong America; a world in which democracy would
flourish and open new doors to peace and freedom. Today Mrs. Bobst, a
renowned humanitarian, continues the journey faithfully and ably,
forwarding the sterling ideals she shared with her husband and with my
father. To further these ideals, and in the spirit characterized by my
mother as onward and upward, Mrs. Bobst is going to have built on the
grounds of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace in Yorba Linda,
California, the Elmer and Mamdouha Bobst Building, which will house the
Center for Peace and Freedom. (Applause.) I know that my parents would
have been deeply moved by Mrs. Bobst's magnificent gesture, because it
was their wish to honor this exceptional friendship in a very meaningful
way that would benefit our generation and future generations.” Leonard
Garment also told an almost incoherent story of a night he and Nixon
spent together in the Bobsts' pool house in 1965, in an </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.booknotes.org/Transcript/?ProgramID=1358" target="_blank">interview with Brian Lamb</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> of Booknotes.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">7</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> See National Cancer Act </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.smokershistory.com/NCA1971.htm" target="_blank">history</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">8</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> See website called </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.smokershistory.com/Bobst.htm" target="_blank">Smokers History</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, linked to other pages. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[9</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Ovid Demaris, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Dirty Business: The Corporate-Political Money-Power Game</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Avon Books, 1974), 140.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[10]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> According to </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/319/donald_kendall.html" target="_blank">Belfer Center</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
for Science and International Affairs website © by the President and
Fellows of Harvard College: “PepsiCo divisions also expanded their
operations to new areas of the world, including the former USSR (where
PepsiCo was the first foreign consumer product to be sold) and the
Peoples Republic of China.” </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[11]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Alfred W. McCoy, with Cathleen B. Read and Leonard P. Adams II, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1972), 187.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[12]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Ovid Demaris, Dirty Business, 141.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[13] </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Ibid</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. Quoted from Joseph C. Goulden, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Superlawyers</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Weybright and Talley, 1971) at 221.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[14]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> It’s possible this “oilman” client may have been associated with </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>El Paso Natural Gas</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">,
a long-term client of the firm. In 1969 Attorney General John Mitchell
“purchased through a law partner a stock interest in El Paso Natural
Gas Company” simultaneously with the Justice Department’s dismissal of
anti-trust charges against El Paso. In addition to granting this
personal reward for services rendered, El Paso had contributed, along
with the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>Gulf Resources and Chemical Co.,</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> to the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>secret slush fund</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Mitchell managed for CREEP. Rodney Stich, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Defrauding America</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (1994), 23.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[15]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
In 1963, president of the Banco di Credito Commerciale e Industriale
was Junio Valerio Borghese. The bank had been the very first one owned
by Sindona. Under Borghese the bank was involved with the son of
Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo, with Franco's government in
Spain, and reactionary circles in the Vatican and the Christian
Democratic Party. Ultimately the bank collapsed, but someone covered for
the inept Borghese. See Jack Greene and Alessandro Massignani, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Black Prince and the Sea Devils: The Story of Valerio Borghese and the Elite Units of the Decima Mas</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press, 2004).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[16]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> See BBC story about Calvi’s death.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[17]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Nick Tosches, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Power on Earth: Michele Sindona’s Explosive Story</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Arbor House, 1986), 263.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[18]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
“Even as a saxophone player in a 1940s swing band, Alan Greenspan had a
passion for staying in control. While some of his fellow musicians
smoked marijuana or snorted stronger drugs, the future chairman of the
Federal Reserve Board </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>kept track of the band's money</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">.
‘Some people used to complain that the band was smoking these funny
hand-rolled cigarettes,’ recalls Washington lawyer Leonard Garment,
another sober-sided member of the touring ensemble. ‘But Alan was clean
as Clark Kent: he handled the books and never ran a deficit.’” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time Magazine</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, April 18, 1994. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[19]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Peter Golden, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Quiet Diplomat: Max M. Fisher</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Herzl Press, 1992), 195.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[20]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Alfred M. Lilienthal, “The Zionist Connection II: What Price Peace?” (1983). </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[21]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> The ownership of Paribas has since changed, according to a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://therearenosunglasses.wordpress.com/some-of-our-dark-overlords/" target="_blank">website</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
which indicates that Nadhmi Auchi’s firm, “General Mediterranean
Holdings SA (GMH SA), is stated to be ‘based in Luxembourg, with offices
in London, and has business interests in banking, hotels, construction
and real estate.’ Yet it is believed that his holdings are far more
diverse, sharing ownership in more than 120 companies across the world
from British aviation to Kuwaiti energy. For all he is worth, secrecy
appears to be a mainstay of Auchi’s business. When in the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>1980s</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
socialists took power in France ordering all banks to pass information
on the accounts of their customers to the government, it was Auchi’s
firm </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>in conjunction with the French bank Paribas</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
that enabled accounts for the super wealthy to remain secret by
purchasing a bank in Luxembourg. Later Auchi took a controlling interest
in Banque Nationale de Paris which later merged with Paribas to become </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>BNP Paribas,</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
the bank of choice for Saddam Hussein when funneling billions of
dollars of often corrupt Oil for Food transactions. In 2003 Auchi was
convicted by a French court of illegally accepting more than $120
million in oil kickbacks during the first Gulf War, oddly enough
profiting from the Kuwaiti side. And to this date Auchi continues to
attract mystery if not controversy.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b> Auchi is the primary financial sponsor of Tony Rezko</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">,
wiring $3.5 million to the Syrian-American just one month before the
Rezkos purchased land adjacent to Presidential candidate Barack Obama’s
home (some speculate Obama received part of the property at a discount).
Both properties were sold by the same seller. Rezko, an early and
substantial fundraiser for Obama, has since been convicted of fraud and
bribery and has become a source of endless pain for the Obama campaign.
Perhaps Rezko could have learned a thing or two from Auchi.” </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[22]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
Transactions of this type are traded in Chicago, and the exchange where
they are transacted has undergone tremendous revamping in the last few
years. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Wikipedia</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
tells us: “The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) (often called "the
Chicago Merc," or "the Merc") is an American financial and commodity
derivative exchange based in Chicago. The CME was founded in 1898 as the
Chicago Butter and Egg Board. Originally, the exchange was a non-profit
organization. The exchange demutualized in November 2000, went public
in December 2002, and it merged with the Chicago Board of Trade in July
2007 to become CME Group Inc. The Chief Executive Officer of CME Group
is Craig S. Donohue. On August 18, 2008 shareholders approved a merger
with the New York Mercantile Exchange.”</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[23]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i> </i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">The Rothschild to which reference was made in the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
article was Guy’s cousin, Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild, who created his
own “philanthropic” foundation in Geneva in 1982, though the personal
foundation of his grandfather, Baron Edmond Benjamin, was set up in
1973. See a Markus Angelicus article about individual Rothschild
assets, as well as the website for Edmond’s charities. The Baron had
also created the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>Caesarea Foundation</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
in 1962 to fund Israel’s first university, the Hebrew University in
Jerusalem. See a most interesting panegyric website dedicated to
glorification of the Baron. Both Edmonds were descended from James Mayer
de Rothschild, founder of the French branch of the five original
Rothschild banks. For a history of the French bank, see Anka Muhlstein,
</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Baron James: The Rise of the French Rothschilds</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: The Vendome Press).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[24]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Another expose in </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917348-1,00.html#ixzz0rhRo3xYm" target="_blank">Time</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917348-1,00.html#ixzz0rhRo3xYm" target="_blank"> magazine</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
in 1975 revealed three simultaneous scandals: “In Washington, federal
energy officials confirmed suspicions that overcharges by oil suppliers
during last year's period of Arab embargo and shortage had cost
consumers hundreds of millions of dollars, much of which the Government
has ordered refunded. In New York City, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>United Brands</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">,
famous for its Chiquita bananas, admitted bribing officials of
Honduras, setting off an uproar that threatens government stability in
that country. In Tel Aviv, the indictment of a highly placed Israeli
executive on charges of siphoning cash out of the country opened up a
story of troubles in a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>Geneva bank</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> that could cause heavy losses to investors round the world.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">25]</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Paul Hoffman, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Lions of the Eighties: The Inside Story of the Powerhouse Law Firms</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1982), 63. See also </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.booknotes.org/Transcript/?ProgramID=1358" target="_blank">Book Notes interview </a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">of Leonard Garment (promoting book, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Crazy Rhythm</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, at C-Span website. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Nick Tosches, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Power on Earth: Michele Sindona’s Explosive Story</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Arbor House, 1986); </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[26] </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
According to Paul Hoffman, that ad hoc judicial selection committee
designed by Garment and Moynihan “soon was expanded into a formal
judicial screening panel… [and] had national implications.” The
implications of the judicial screening model are clearly apparent today,
as the U.S. Senate considers the current nominee to the U.S. Supreme
Court John G. Roberts, Jr. Roberts is a member of the Federalist
Society, an organization that has grown from the informal </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>vision hatched by Len Garment and friends during Moynihan’s campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1976</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. Fellow campaigners Irving Kristol and William E. Simon set in motion a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>funding mechanism</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> called the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Institute for Educational Affairs</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, to provide </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>seed money</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> for the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies, organized in 1982 and </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>fronted</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
by three young law students. Money poured in from “charitable”
foundations that have become so ubiquitous in today’s politics. Paul
Hoffman, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Lions of the Eighties: The Inside Story of the Powerhouse Law Firms</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1982), 63. Also see and Martin Garbus, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=a_hostile_takeover" target="_self">"A Hostile Takeover,"</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The American Prospect</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> vol. 14 no. 3, March 1, 2003. </span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-9317367576194111442012-09-13T14:01:00.002-05:002015-09-29T10:35:02.203-05:00Capitalizing Anti-Communism<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">A GOVERNMENT CULT</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">© 2005 by Linda Minor </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(Updated in 2010)</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5171-ri8mVBZKg67xbxHRSEf_7PtRjGlEU8P5YebnFSKS3fxvOln71pHJYvgkHKCasRnbkfAGN9AZ3i4srYSThjNO4tjQ7M-oax8k-EghzvrYbVJJNIn2OXYabfIsUE3JsxeRJDeIQH8/s1600/yellowcake0607.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5171-ri8mVBZKg67xbxHRSEf_7PtRjGlEU8P5YebnFSKS3fxvOln71pHJYvgkHKCasRnbkfAGN9AZ3i4srYSThjNO4tjQ7M-oax8k-EghzvrYbVJJNIn2OXYabfIsUE3JsxeRJDeIQH8/s400/yellowcake0607.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Credit to <a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2006/07/yellowcake200607" target="_blank"><i>Vanity Fair</i></a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>The havoc caused by just these 16 words:</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa.”</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">President George W. Bush used </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>just sixteen words</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> <i>(</i>quoted above<i>) </i>in his State of the Union Message in January 2003 to justify his military attack on Iraq. It took six months for </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Ambassador Joseph Wilson</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> to contradict those words in the public media — averring in a July 6, 2003 </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>New York Times</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> op-ed piece (</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0706-02.htm" target="_blank">“What I Didn’t Find in Africa”</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">) that the Bush administration </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">knew, or should have known</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
almost a year before his January speech that any report claiming that
Saddam had obtained uranium from Niger in a quantity capable of using
for weapons of mass destr</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">uction </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">was a bald-faced lie.<b> </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[1]</b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Dementia Admitted</i></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheypccylwzATNy1oR7rIh_IUZqixsnCc7dy-N1m8JcE-f-e0T4DMmh_J_i2dAmgUOeneST7kHn2cQ3jrE6dAkk4J7yNpsxPccy-z9T1Rl5oJ5rdJHHndvJK74i2L3M33_sA8lx_u85Hwg/s1600/niger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheypccylwzATNy1oR7rIh_IUZqixsnCc7dy-N1m8JcE-f-e0T4DMmh_J_i2dAmgUOeneST7kHn2cQ3jrE6dAkk4J7yNpsxPccy-z9T1Rl5oJ5rdJHHndvJK74i2L3M33_sA8lx_u85Hwg/s200/niger.jpg" width="183" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Being
called liars by Wilson came as quite a shock to the Bush
administration—representing as it did the first time anyone with clout
had publicly questioned the veracity of the reason given for
precipitating the war in Iraq. Having been an ambassador in Africa (a
Bush I appointee) and an envoy in Niger (for the Clinton National
Security Council) until 1998, Wilson then returned to Niger early in
2002 at the request of CIA officials to whom Vice President Dick Cheney
had posed a question regarding Saddam's access to nuclear weapons. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVt_k3fT31XB7cGz4x61P3KZbqbReUcVddr1jyTkvcHfkbYoelg-DMDzJeeGehA9W-Xb1EUkdF2PsiLMRFN44tIIAJcDgWvuRWKSQ_zlXPEwRKzYierKZSGWsH6Ste3YpwNdZdXPBKit4/s1600/Hadleybio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVt_k3fT31XB7cGz4x61P3KZbqbReUcVddr1jyTkvcHfkbYoelg-DMDzJeeGehA9W-Xb1EUkdF2PsiLMRFN44tIIAJcDgWvuRWKSQ_zlXPEwRKzYierKZSGWsH6Ste3YpwNdZdXPBKit4/s200/Hadleybio.jpg" width="155" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hadley</td></tr>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Deputy National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley, admitted two weeks after Wilson’s article in the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Times</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> that he </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>should have deleted</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
the “sixteen words” from Bush’s January speech because, as he later
recalled, CIA Director George Tenet had asked him to do so for a speech
Bush gave in Ohio three months before the January speech..But, Hadley
explained, he had “forgotten” Tenet’s warning during the intervening
time.. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Hadley’s boss, Condoleezza Rice, claiming the same amnesiatic excuse and sounding like a ditzy California valley girl, stated: </span> </div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">“What
we learned later (and I did not know at the time, and certainly did not
know until just before Steve Hadley went out to say what he said last
week) was that the director [Tenet] had </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i>also</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"> sent over to the White House a </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i>set of clearance comments</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"> that explained </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><b>why</b></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"> he wanted this out of the speech. I can tell you, I either didn’t see the memo, or I </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i>don’t remember seeing</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"> the memo.” </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><b>[2]</b></span></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100; font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0rSKF9g9qax5leTwlT_q_9iC7jVZN54oxTPtwRydOlzIb9ZyyDT2AFjewmM4w9P4tDwsjW3VLhf42o1AkNJcNPyyIFdn4Hx-O42rdHDxLAe1BiDiiw4LuAQvia4S48Eoeo1-JbAeY94w/s1600/wilsons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0rSKF9g9qax5leTwlT_q_9iC7jVZN54oxTPtwRydOlzIb9ZyyDT2AFjewmM4w9P4tDwsjW3VLhf42o1AkNJcNPyyIFdn4Hx-O42rdHDxLAe1BiDiiw4LuAQvia4S48Eoeo1-JbAeY94w/s200/wilsons.jpg" width="191" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">All
that was missing was for Condi to have punctuated her statement with a couple
of sideways head nods, a "duh," and perhaps to sprinkle in a "like" or
two throughout her sentences.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">While the Bush officials were thus admitting their dementia, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://townhall.com/columnists/robertnovak/rn20030714.shtml" target="_blank">Robert Novak</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, in his July 14 syndicated column—citing “two senior administration officials” as his sources—identified </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Valerie Plame</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
wife of their only accuser, as a Central Intelligence Agency operative
who had worked in the area of weapons of mass destruction. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[3]</b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Senior Administration Officials Spring Leaks</i></b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Wilson immediately jumped to the core of the matter, speculating as to the identity of these "senior officials":</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">“Senior
advisers close to the president may well have been clever enough to
have used others to do the actual leaking, in order to keep their
fingerprints off the crime</span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">. </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i>John Hannah</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"> and</span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i> David Wurmser</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">,
mid-level political appointees in the vice president’s office, have
both been suggested as sources of the leaks. I don’t know either, though
at the time of the leak, Wurmser, a </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i>prominent neoconservative</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">, was working as a special assistant to </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i>John Bolton</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"> at the State Department. Mid-level officials, however, do not leak information without authority from a higher level.” </span></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100; font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>[4]</b></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio5gENAYQiAJeovYo95wYYaBR7enllVSobdMYRDhhoIYeYEih1OV0iNG3HVD2oEGR1DcS7YwTxigpZoqm81BmxhzBncg3jNRmwgTWup4Fch-m_z9i8YbVgLOoB4oCV289_0-87GDbu-oU/s1600/the+cult.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio5gENAYQiAJeovYo95wYYaBR7enllVSobdMYRDhhoIYeYEih1OV0iNG3HVD2oEGR1DcS7YwTxigpZoqm81BmxhzBncg3jNRmwgTWup4Fch-m_z9i8YbVgLOoB4oCV289_0-87GDbu-oU/s400/the+cult.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Calling
them "zealots," and part of a "government cult," Wilson traced the
roots back to Albert and Roberta Morgan Wohlstetter of the University of
Chicago— mentors both to Paul Wolfowitz and <a href="http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/perle_richard" target="_blank">Richard Perle</a>. The </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2004/05/03/accuse" target="_blank">ultimate mission</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> in Iraq, he revealed, "was always about a larger neoconservative agenda of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>projecting force as the means of imposing solutions</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">." Roberta Mary Morgan's father, <a href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1962/7/2/marshall-plan-genesis-summer-15-years/" target="_blank">Edmund M. Morgan, Jr</a>., a law professor at Yale in 1920, was later a Harvard Law <a href="http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/newby-sacvan.html" target="_blank">colleague</a> of Felix Frankfurter.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Extremism in the Defense of Liberty </i></b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">John
Robert Bolton II, like many of his College Republican counterparts,
became a Republican almost before he could tie his shoes, though he was
not a member of the College Republican National Committee.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[5]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
Young Johnny was instead active in the <i>Young Republican</i> organization at
Yale for four years—1966 to 1970. He had cut his teeth, however, in
the 1964 Goldwater campaign at his prep school in Baltimore—the McDonogh
School—where he was awarded one of the scholarships to poor (in the
financial sense) students for whose education the school was originally
created. In 1964, when John Bolton was sixteen years old and his peers
were thinking about girls, cars, football or baseball, Johnny was
meditating upon Barry Goldwater’s classic statement: </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">“I
would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice!
And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is
no virtue."</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Bolton would never thereafter be ascribed with the virtue of moderation. The vice of extremism is another matter.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9dyxMRF45APTLWYdWleUBo4y4QQiE13a5oQM0MrgPfWdcvyxVeANjjSO5mNixJ5GPhIVfzssIQW6Cq2wHNcblk49vU9NOeDCf0Ja7LTwpqPJyi41qWSNLy2fGxG9puU_SExBalSouRdY/s1600/morton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9dyxMRF45APTLWYdWleUBo4y4QQiE13a5oQM0MrgPfWdcvyxVeANjjSO5mNixJ5GPhIVfzssIQW6Cq2wHNcblk49vU9NOeDCf0Ja7LTwpqPJyi41qWSNLy2fGxG9puU_SExBalSouRdY/s1600/morton.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Bolton
fit the profile which the College Republican (CR) organization was
seeking. Led by Morton Blackwell, CR was recruiting young political
operatives in 1971, while Blackwell's fellow Virginia attorney, Lewis
Franklin Powell, Jr. (later appointed to the Supreme Court), was writing in his “</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Powell_Confidential_Memorandum.pdf" target="_blank">Confidential Memorandum: Attack on American Free Enterprise System</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,” addressed to his next-door neighbor, Eugene Sydnor (then in charge of the education committee for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[6]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">) that the immediate goal of recruitment was to ascertain “avenues of
action” which could be pursued to correct the “imbalance” on campus and
the public at large in order to save the free enterprise system. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[7]</b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Pendulum Swings to the Right</i></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBY6oxAvDso437AGRzUoA9b-PCiQMAyubE97x4xCnbsgP0iggyhXQG7hiwynYFe8Cy2dG3MlAoro-Y6OuxfCfkzEv1kH_BsSgnbSid_oHVjrluNudcpqPcJRnij3fpbQZvgVZxBFz3-g/s1600/Viguerie.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBY6oxAvDso437AGRzUoA9b-PCiQMAyubE97x4xCnbsgP0iggyhXQG7hiwynYFe8Cy2dG3MlAoro-Y6OuxfCfkzEv1kH_BsSgnbSid_oHVjrluNudcpqPcJRnij3fpbQZvgVZxBFz3-g/s1600/Viguerie.jpeg" /></a></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Morton Blackwell, mentor for the College Republican organization, was trained by Tea Party hero, </span><a href="http://leadershipteaparty.com/pages/speakers/" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Richard Viguerie</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">,
who as a young man in his twenties, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">earned his living </span>working for Young
Americans for Freedom (YAF)—founded in 1960 by William F. Buckley, Jr.
(Yale, Skull and Bones, 1950). Buckley had previously served as a Central
Intelligence Agency operative in Tokyo and Mexico City. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[8]</b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Though Buckley’s </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>National Review</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> claimed to be the voice of proponents for free enterprise, evaluated on that basis alone, it was </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">“</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938696,00.html" target="_blank">a dud.</a></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938696,00.html" target="_blank">In its brief history, it has spent some $860,000 more than it has taken in</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">.” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[9]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b> </b></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIdjVsb-iR06TmZRnhuhs-JLa_XMNPyqaodXXy3G3kMSjjTSMcHJPktyLP4uErFi2SUtbmn-tO0d9ZZruCkzJec69Ijdl9SZmXIEO80O2p4yGbtwxjDP3gftaqPElsYzj8XurPzzNHnP8/s1600/buckley2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIdjVsb-iR06TmZRnhuhs-JLa_XMNPyqaodXXy3G3kMSjjTSMcHJPktyLP4uErFi2SUtbmn-tO0d9ZZruCkzJec69Ijdl9SZmXIEO80O2p4yGbtwxjDP3gftaqPElsYzj8XurPzzNHnP8/s320/buckley2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Since free enterprise operates on the profit motive, we have to assume that, since it continued to operate </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">without profit, </span>it was being subsidized by someone or something. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Buckley started the magazine with $125,000 from his family and $300,000 “</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837476-8,00.html" target="_blank">raised elsewhere</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.”</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b> [10]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Who was paying Buckley to run this right-wing rag so soon after his book </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>God and Man at Yale</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> had attacked the so-called leftist administration and faculty at Yale? </span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4x9kD3dxYl2nFmf-RlzzZGNmHr7tKAPUKTVijuwMlvKTxMdiy412iUHU1W9FYSvabwum89ielcgts6eCBEE9pkGSQsxtz8M9gtOLMmmi_GFqbbJXUkKHlSOln30gr0R_RcVsJ2f-DLw/s1600/McGeorge_Bundy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4x9kD3dxYl2nFmf-RlzzZGNmHr7tKAPUKTVijuwMlvKTxMdiy412iUHU1W9FYSvabwum89ielcgts6eCBEE9pkGSQsxtz8M9gtOLMmmi_GFqbbJXUkKHlSOln30gr0R_RcVsJ2f-DLw/s200/McGeorge_Bundy.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bundy</td></tr>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">In 1951 fellow Bonesman </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Aristocracy.html" target="_self">McGeorge Bundy</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> “gleefully accepted an assignment from </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>The Atlantic Monthly</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> to attack William F. Buckley’s </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>God and Man at Yale</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">. Buckley, Bundy charged, was a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>‘twisted and ignorant young man.’</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Buckley, in turn, ridiculed Bundy as a</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i> ‘haughty totalitarian</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">’ and a ‘</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Court Hatchet-Man</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">.’” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[11]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Skull and Bones men must have been delighted to witness the Hegelian dialectic at work and play.</span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Skull and Bones at Play?</span></span></b></i></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Equally
as intriguing as Buckley’s ability to continue such a money-losing
operation for so long is the list of names he attracted to serve on the
board of YAF. Ronald Reagan was on the YAF’s national advisory board in
1962, and retired Major General Charles A. Willoughby was there by 1963. </span></div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Obg-w8ACzsFAaYGHCF3TevPreXXHt4DEZsNbJeYyHiOlr3YalZwrWIzTrCfC-b0sQt81Ree1WmhknBUTGdTYlTGKPiVpHW4kLw219snWwoKrmS2r4XgWHC73yGKz1KHzJ8javSn8JvU/s1600/willoughby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Obg-w8ACzsFAaYGHCF3TevPreXXHt4DEZsNbJeYyHiOlr3YalZwrWIzTrCfC-b0sQt81Ree1WmhknBUTGdTYlTGKPiVpHW4kLw219snWwoKrmS2r4XgWHC73yGKz1KHzJ8javSn8JvU/s200/willoughby.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Willoughby, whose German birth and parentage are shrouded in ambiguity,
enlisted in the Army as </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Adolf Charles Weidenbach</span></span>, then changed his
surname to Willoughby in 1910. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[12]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
He served as General MacArthur's Chief of Intelligence in the General
Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area for the decade beginning 1941 and
later joined the International Committee for the Defense of Christian
Culture (ICDCC), a major funder of which was Nelson Bunker Hunt, son of
Texan H.L. Hunt, who had been Willoughby’s friend since the 1950’s.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b> [13]</b></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Direct mail was a part of the advertising and public relations industry, and Viguerie
was therefore working for these right-wing idealogues on YAF's board while he handled mail order operations. They sent mailings and fundraising letters out to the mailing list, hoping either to convince Americans of the need
to pursue the cold war militarism against Communism in the Soviet Union
and China or to raise funds for candidates. In 1964 Viguerie began his own direct-mail company, using
the YAF and Goldwater’s mailing lists. Long before personal computers, iPhones or bloggers, he taught Morton Blackwell how
to do direct mail and to train others under the auspices of the
College Republican National Committee. Once Ronald Reagan was
inaugurated, Morton Blackwell had a White House office as “</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>liaison with conservative groups.</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[14] </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMJFa34CBUccOxcoOMlxQuzHrejwf3E6P7VZil33iX8ywx5_iY0IeT5HftXWIsw3MZD9rd0sSxYunidVIPZX7j8ONhtPEE95CbtedVFwvBfuf2G_jr5N1dcYOwDLkSU6UiwKSl3BzU34o/s1600/Terry-Dolan-200x293.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMJFa34CBUccOxcoOMlxQuzHrejwf3E6P7VZil33iX8ywx5_iY0IeT5HftXWIsw3MZD9rd0sSxYunidVIPZX7j8ONhtPEE95CbtedVFwvBfuf2G_jr5N1dcYOwDLkSU6UiwKSl3BzU34o/s200/Terry-Dolan-200x293.jpg" width="136" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dolan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Such
conservative groups included the National Conservative Political Action
Committee, whose director—one of Blackwell’s College Republican
trainees, John T. <a href="http://www.salon.com/2012/06/23/lgbts_worst_foe_the_closet_monster/slide_show/3" target="_blank">"Terry" Dolan</a>—poured more than $7 million into
Republican campaign coffers in 1980. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[15]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> That was a lot of money in those days. Where did it </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>really</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
come from? Could “direct mail” have been a cover for laundering
illicit funds through the intricate layers of political action
committees set up to flaunt the spirit of campaign finance legislation?
That’s a subject for further research. </span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Verdana10" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>World Anti-Communist League</i></b></span></div>
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</div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">What our research to date does reveal, however, is that the career of Richard Viguerie—described in </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> magazine as a “direct-mail conglomerateur” in Falls Church, Virginia (who, like Buckley at </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>National Review</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">, could afford to operate his monthly </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Conservative Digest</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> at </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">more than a million dollar per year loss</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">) had suspicious connections early on to the <a href="http://spitfirelist.com/anti-fascist-archives/rfa-14-the-world-anti-communist-league-pt-1/" target="_blank">World Anti-Communist League</a>. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b>[16] </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">One time editor at </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><i>Conservative Digest</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> was Lee Edwards, who </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100; font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">“had
a practice of starting up organizations like the ‘Underground Bible
Fund’ or ‘Friends of the FBI,’ which were very good at soliciting
donations but not so good at actually fulfilling their promises to
distribute Bibles behind the Iron Curtain or defend the good name of J.
Edgar Hoover.” </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">In
1970 Edwards had also set up the first United States affiliate of the
World Anti-Communist League called the <a href="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/articles/display/United_States_Council_for_World_Freedom" target="_blank">“American Council for World Freedom.”</a> Edwards’ activities were mentioned in a book by another
member of the New Right, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=039474862X%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank">Alan Crawford</a> as follows: </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">Then there is Lee Edwards, once a Young Americans for Freedom activist, the first editor of Viguerie’s </span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;"><i>Conservative Digest</i></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">.
When the Justice Department brought suit against the American-Chilean
Council in 1978, it came out that one of the organization's activities
had been to <i>plant material favorable to the Pinochet government of Chile</i>
with Edwards, then a Washington-based public relations man, who writes
and distributes his own newspaper column. Edwards included the
information in his newspaper articles. The accomplishment was reported
back to the Chileans by the Washington officer of the American-Chilean
Council, <a href="http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Bouchey%2C%20L.%20Francis/aid/583291?cm_sp=author-_-searchAuthLink" target="_blank">L. Francis Bouchey</a>, another product of Young Americans for
Freedom, who had shared office space with Edwards back in 1975 when
Edwards was working closely with representatives of the Taiwan
government. (p. 197) </span></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100; font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>[17]</b></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Another book, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0396085172%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><i>Inside the League</i>,</a> written in 1986, described Edwards’ associates as neo-Nazis:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100;">Bankrolling
themselves by running “charities” with exorbitant operating costs, they
sought out others who shared their apocalyptic vision of the takeover
of the world by communists and their “fellow travellers,” whether in the
American Independent Party or in the World Anti-Communist League. Today
Edwards is president of the Center for International Relations, a
conservative think tank funded by the Reagan Administration.... With the
resignation of the American Council for World Freedom in 1975, the door
was open for an energetic neo-Nazi to transform the face of the League
in the United States and Europe, plunging it even further into the
depths of fanaticism. </span></span><span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100; font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>[18]</b></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size11 FranklinGothicMedium11" style="color: #633100; font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>NOTES:</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[1]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Joseph Wilson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife’s CIA Identity</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (Carroll & Graf, 2004), p. 1. The July </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>6 </i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0706-02.htm" target="_blank">New York Tim</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0706-02.htm" target="_blank">es article</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> appears at the Common Dreams News Center website.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[2] </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Wilson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Politics of Truth</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, p. 353.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[3]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
Novak stated: “Two senior administration officials told me Wilson's
wife suggested sending him to Niger to investigate the Italian report.
The CIA says its counter-proliferation officials selected Wilson and
asked his wife to contact him.... All this was forgotten until reporter
Walter Pincus revealed in the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Washington Post</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
June 12 that an unnamed retired diplomat had given the CIA a negative
report. Not until Wilson went public on July 6, however, did his finding
ignite the firestorm.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[4]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Wilson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Politics of Truth</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, p. 445.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[5]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b> </b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">We
saw in a recent Sanders Research article, “Killer Political Instincts,”
that while Karl Rove was in high school in Utah he was working on the
campaign of Republican Senator Wallace Bennett, whose son controlled a
public relations firm that employed career intelligence operatives who
were hired to re-elect Richard Nixon. The article also mentioned that
Rove’s recruiters, the College Republican National Committee, also
trained Ralph Reed, Terry Dolan, Roger Stone, Grover Norquist, Lee
Atwater, and Jack Abramoff (Tom Delay’s fund-raiser recently indicted
for dirty tricks)—indoctrinating them into their future roles in
political consulting and mail-order to elect extreme right wing
candidates.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[6]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
The Chamber of Commerce was a pro-business lobby founded by Skull and
Bones member, William Howard Taft in 1911 with a mission to create a
“social system based on individual freedom, incentive, initiative,
opportunity, and responsibility." Chamber history, according to its </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.uschamber.com/about/history/default" target="_self">website</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. The quote was attributed to Taft in a press release dated April 22, 2002 and is now the Chamber's </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://%e2%80%9csocial%20system%20based%20on%20individual%20freedom,%20incentive,%20initiative,%20opportunity,%20and%20responsibility.%e2%80%9d/" target="_blank">Mission Statement</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[7]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Before being named to the Supreme Court by President Nixon, Powell had served on a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=101+Harv.+L.+Rev.+404&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=2b35eb03c20fcd9530e892b3ca9cad5c" target="_blank">“Blue Ribbon Defense Panel”</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
chaired by Gilbert W. Fitzhugh, Board Chairman of the Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company, which had made recommendations for restructuring
military </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.generalatomic.com/jetmakers/chapter6.html" target="_blank">procurement procedures</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, as well as </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-of-central-intelligence-as-leaders-of-the-u-s-intelligence-community/chapter_4.htm" target="_blank">intelligence resources.</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
Powell’s memo is reminiscent of how Skull and Bones at Yale began in
1832 to take control of every facet of America’s established
institutions. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.trineday.com/paypal_store/product_pages/ASE.html" target="_blank">See Antony C. Sutton, </a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.trineday.com/paypal_store/product_pages/ASE.html" target="_blank">America’s Secret Establishmen</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>t</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (1986). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[8]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Dick Russell, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.dickrussell.org/man.htm" target="_blank">The Man Who Knew Too Much</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> p. 191.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[9]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, Oct. 31, 1960.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[10]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, Nov. 3, 1967.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[11]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Alfred S. Regnery, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Upstream: the ascendance of American conservatism</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">,</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i> Volume 2007 </i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">(Simon and Schuster, Inc. 2008), p. 50.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[12]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Frank Kluckhohn, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Reporter</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
(New York Journal) August 19, 1952. In 1913, “having reached the rank
of sergeant, he left the service to enter the senior class of Gettysburg
College in Pennsylvania. Graduated from Gettysburg, he studied for an
M.A. at the University of Kansas at Lawrence and then taught languages
at the Howe School for girls, in Howe, Indiana, and at Racine College in
Wisconsin. Then in 1916 he re-entered the Army and was commissioned a
second lieutenant of infantry. He served on the Mexican border and later
was sent to France, where he took aviation training, flew as a pursuit
pilot, and helped train Allied fliers.” While in Manila, “Willoughby
became known as the close friend of Andres Soriano, the Spanish Club's
most influential member and one of the richest men in the
Philippines.... Soriano was not only Willoughby's friend; he was also
the good friend of General MacArthur and of another principal MacArthur
assistant, Major General Courtney Whitney, who before the war was a
lawyer and promoter in Manila. Soriano had—and still has—mining
interests, breweries, airlines, shipping, radio stations, textiles, jute
plants, and the Philippine concessions for the products of many great
American firms.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[13]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Dick Russell, p. 322.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[14]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, July 5, 1982.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[15]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Terry’s brother Anthony, incidentally, was a Reagan speechwriter. Dolan’s name had been first mentioned in </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> in 1979. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[16]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, December 8, 1961. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">[17]</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Crawford’s book is called </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Thunder on the Right</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. A review appears in an <a href="http://www.enter.net/~torve/trogholm/secret/rightroots/newrightists.html" target="_blank">article</a> written by Corey Panshin. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[18]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Scott Anderson and Jon Lee Anderson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0396085172/qid=1117218343/sr=1-4/ref=sr_1_4/102-6162153-1459366?v=glance&s=books" target="_blank">Inside the League</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>: The Shocking Expose of How Terrorists, Nazis, and Latin American Death Squads Have Infiltrated the World Anti-Communist League</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
(New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1986). The connection between
Viguerie, Rev. Billy James Hargis, the John Birch Society, and Buckley’s
YAF was hinted at by the authors: “The first American League Chapter
was the American Council for World Freedom (ACWF), founded in 1970 in
Washington, D.C. The main force behind its creation, and its first
secretary, was </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>Lee Edwards</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, head of a public relations firm and former director of</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>Young Americans for Freedom, the youth arm of the John Birch Society.</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
Edwards was a stalwart of the emergent New Right in American politics
and brought his own questionable background and motives into the World
Anti-Communist League as a professional fund-raiser. Along with a
handful of other New Right fund-raisers such as </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>Richard Viguerie</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> and </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>Patrick Gorman</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">,
Edwards was in the business of raising donations for charitable or
nonprofit organizations and then keeping a large chunk of the 'money,
sometimes over ninety percent, for his ‘operation expenses.’ ”</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-77909929008565323132012-09-11T16:44:00.003-05:002012-09-11T16:44:48.370-05:00The Arithmetic Doesn't Add Up to Democracy<br />
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<span class="size20 FranklinGothicMedium20" style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>The Existing Order</b></span></span></span></div>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>© Oct. 16, 2009 by LINDA MINOR</b></span></div>
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<span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<span class="size14 TrebuchetMS14" style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> (all rights reserved)</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #7f6000;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"></span></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">“That an Anglo-American alliance is well calculated to support the existing order throughout the world, even at the expense of democracy against Fascism, should … give pause to anyone who calculates that <i>Montagu Norman + J. P. Morgan = democracy</i>.”<b> (1)</b></span></span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>Plot and counterplot</i></b></span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikf5wIuXr95Lv766cDY6uRqpx5Q9O9xj9AwzPJUBebOA5pHdKoEMvwX_zlMUxitfW0z3I9G7xVhi7apeX_HbCt1cVqN_YYJFo4hHxCv65V3eBCXWZgkRtDFkkUxeHHBGanXm_eDNt0Um0/s1600/butler_a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikf5wIuXr95Lv766cDY6uRqpx5Q9O9xj9AwzPJUBebOA5pHdKoEMvwX_zlMUxitfW0z3I9G7xVhi7apeX_HbCt1cVqN_YYJFo4hHxCv65V3eBCXWZgkRtDFkkUxeHHBGanXm_eDNt0Um0/s200/butler_a.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">In
1934 General Smedley Darlington Butler, a career Marine, became
whistleblower to one of the strangest plots in American history when he
testified before the Congressional Committee on Un-American Activities
about a series of meetings with mysterious American businessmen and bond
brokers who selected him to serve in a capacity they termed “assistant
President”--an honorary position for a military straw man to represent
the views of America's World War I disgruntled veterans who, many
bankers feared, were in danger of organizing a revolution against
capitalism.</span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEPnOYm9aRiPjdfuyftMnzHLA7ZoianMPZhgZmwrMRmy39K1or658boYuZhVpTuZoVKFGuHGAZAWmBukqu0YF2qJn5FSZI5m8zrBu-XO6f5EWFV2edWVF8-o4dGA1jqgPN8rdKoPoMimo/s1600/macguire.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEPnOYm9aRiPjdfuyftMnzHLA7ZoianMPZhgZmwrMRmy39K1or658boYuZhVpTuZoVKFGuHGAZAWmBukqu0YF2qJn5FSZI5m8zrBu-XO6f5EWFV2edWVF8-o4dGA1jqgPN8rdKoPoMimo/s200/macguire.jpg" width="113" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Butler described numerous cat-and-mouse assignations with a broker named </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><a href="http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/macguire.html" target="_self">Gerald C. MacGuire</a></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">.
Once he determined to his own satisfaction that something was amiss, he
blew the whistle on their charade and went public, revealing the
all-consuming fear of the erstwhile conspirators that one of two options
was about to occur, neither of which was desirable:</span></span></div>
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<ul class="lpx">
<li class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">That the wealthy class would either be <i>forced to pay higher taxes</i> to support Roosevelt’s welfare programs; or</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<ul class="lpx">
<li class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">That Roosevelt would change the government’s economic system completely <i>from capitalism to socialism</i>.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-JiAhz5KusftAPhPvSkUimw_cJxg3Iq5MH6XQ1Qcbx56YDq_8vWz0zyP4JeCs5dQeM59nm0DcpviFnk2FNzCrzO2mPpyPNbXTH2xQJWUA-tgWNy-gaxPNFmKa0NMAXhROADZzozPhn8/s1600/clarks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-JiAhz5KusftAPhPvSkUimw_cJxg3Iq5MH6XQ1Qcbx56YDq_8vWz0zyP4JeCs5dQeM59nm0DcpviFnk2FNzCrzO2mPpyPNbXTH2xQJWUA-tgWNy-gaxPNFmKa0NMAXhROADZzozPhn8/s200/clarks.jpg" width="179" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">MacGuire's
henchman, Robert Sterling Clark, denied, when queried by Butler, any evil
motives against FDR on the part of his clique, declaring: </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">"This
is to sustain him when others assault him…. You know, the President is
weak. He will come right along with us. He was born <i>in this class</i>. He
was raised <i>in this class</i>, and he will come back. He will run true to
form. In the end he will come around. But we have got to be prepared to
sustain him when he does."</span><b><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">(2)</span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Further questioning by General Butler, who played along with the game, elicited from MacGuire the following dialogue:</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5HAFZ6uyJSkPbwd1L5te_xoKwxtryJ5z4aaoaJ3kD6VRC8k2fH-QsO9Wmm6usm8-F1aCHabskuvTYk3dEQ8_w3Z8GZhRApb6-pB5WDa2zKiV990tpxk3KnUQUaGUIQ8NahYaUqrW3-FE/s1600/quote.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5HAFZ6uyJSkPbwd1L5te_xoKwxtryJ5z4aaoaJ3kD6VRC8k2fH-QsO9Wmm6usm8-F1aCHabskuvTYk3dEQ8_w3Z8GZhRApb6-pB5WDa2zKiV990tpxk3KnUQUaGUIQ8NahYaUqrW3-FE/s400/quote.jpg" width="232" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">“We
might have an assistant President, somebody to take the blame; and if
things do not work out, he can drop him…. That is what he was building up
Hugh Johnson (FDR's National Recovery Administration czar) for. Hugh
Johnson talked too damn much and got him into a hole, and he is going to
fire him in the next three or four weeks.” </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">[Butler] said, “How do you know all this?”</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">“Oh,” he said, “we are in with him all the time. We know what is going to happen.”<b> </b></span><b><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">(3)</span></b></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="color: black; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Butler
realized very quickly that the schemers were privy to highly
confidential inside information from the centers of power. Everything
they predicted shortly came to pass. However, if General Johnson was a
disappointment to those who selected him, their choice of General Butler
was about to become a disaster.</span></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>Identifying the true racketeers</i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">General
Butler was loved and admired by the soldiers he led. He identified with
them, and he freely placed the blame for the wars in which he had
served throughout his career on the class he felt was responsible for
those wars—the bankers and businessmen whose fat he, as a career
soldier, had often pulled from the fire.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Who were these plotters? Jules Archer in his 1973 book called </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1602390363%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><i>The Plot to Seize the White House</i></span></a><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"> </span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(5)</span></b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">
did not speculate about the men who pulled the strings behind the
scenes, though he accurately described the scenario that played out on
the public stage. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
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</div>
<div align="justify">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">We know the names of at least two of those puppeteers working behind the scenes -- </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Grayson Mallet-Prevost Murphy</span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">, a "</span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,738739,00.html" target="_self">Manhattan private-banker</a></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">," and </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Robert Sterling Clark</span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><b>, </b></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">a scion of the Singer Sewing Machine Co. fortune</span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">--though
their names are virtually unknown today. Research into their family
history and business relationships clearly reveals a money trail and
path of intrigue later used by the CIA in its covert political work. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>Making the World Safe for Investment </i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb27rKHLaATa2vFuCu_ODWHed0XATH-vejLT98kBXuEk3KaYywuelubHhsrRNi88cGB4g32Q010SXtbhQHgwStTAA9G4saz-A1FyR2qQd5gIefgMOMM8C6EpiTM9Fp2KZ9ThwblZfUqiA/s1600/AC+Clark+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb27rKHLaATa2vFuCu_ODWHed0XATH-vejLT98kBXuEk3KaYywuelubHhsrRNi88cGB4g32Q010SXtbhQHgwStTAA9G4saz-A1FyR2qQd5gIefgMOMM8C6EpiTM9Fp2KZ9ThwblZfUqiA/s200/AC+Clark+1.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to enlarge.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">To
the plotters it appeared that President Roosevelt had betrayed his
class when he exerted his energies to benefit unemployed and
impoverished citizens (even labor unions!) at the expense of the
business and banking clientele who had garnered the funds to finance his
election. John W. Davis, the personal attorney of J.P. “Jack” Morgan,
Jr., was instrumental in setting up the legal framework to finance a
propaganda-intelligence network, attempting, if not to gain control of
the executive branch of government, at the very least to convince the
President to pay attention to the financial elite. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWOKTh5ddLBGcTyiIPWO_TuTmO-7yHnc8n0YqV6WAoWlE3IWEADZ2BV0qs6ASpRms-OVFN1cx5J6shUj5Fl3dDskE4cFigm3PyEcCtmA29SQYLdHaAAnueoion9qFirGUouIfV5tLwv6U/s1600/J.P._Morgan_jr2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWOKTh5ddLBGcTyiIPWO_TuTmO-7yHnc8n0YqV6WAoWlE3IWEADZ2BV0qs6ASpRms-OVFN1cx5J6shUj5Fl3dDskE4cFigm3PyEcCtmA29SQYLdHaAAnueoion9qFirGUouIfV5tLwv6U/s200/J.P._Morgan_jr2.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Davis' boss, Jack Morgan, Jr.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">In
August of 1934, shortly after General Butler was clued that such an
organization would appear, Davis incorporated the <a href="http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/crusaders.html" target="_blank">American Liberty Lobby</a>. MacGuire's boss, Grayson Mallet-Prevost Murphy, a Guaranty Trust
vice-president, served as the Lobby's treasurer, and other members
included the elite of the General Motors-DuPont structure. The <i>same men</i> had been involved in the <a href="http://alcoholanddrugshistorysociety.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/shad-24-2-dighe.pdf" target="_blank">Association against the Prohibition Amendment (AAPA)</a>, used by Democratic
Party chairman John J. Raskob to repeal Prohibition. </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><b>(6)</b> </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"> In 1928, Murphy's name was listed as a member of AAPA.</span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(7)</span></b></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">MacGuire,
who was on the payroll of Murphy's brokerage office, G. M-P Murphy
& Co., had not only offered eighteen $1,000 bills to Butler (which
were rejected), but had also promised to present the General as keynote
speaker at an upcoming American Legion convention in Chicago, where a
speech written by John W. Davis about the need to return to the gold
standard would be made available for him to read. MacGuire boasted that
his boss, Murphy, had donated $125,000 to found the veterans’ group,
ostensibly designed along a similar pattern observed in Europe (notably
in Mussolini's Italy), which, he bragged, was completely within their
control.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>Grayson M.-P. Murphy and the </i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>Bankers’ intelligence network</i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_V2A0YAybxQKbRBf56sLJ-ea1RQLNpbHPSzOTwBFim97vAS4FTZUMvJnHnyrC-ldd8ZLulbiybzqAvVLDs_XSuU1MqhTZLXhRl5fZq3x91As9IQBV2sAwvHg_x_pymIx4gOLk0u-D4gI/s1600/GM-PMurphy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_V2A0YAybxQKbRBf56sLJ-ea1RQLNpbHPSzOTwBFim97vAS4FTZUMvJnHnyrC-ldd8ZLulbiybzqAvVLDs_XSuU1MqhTZLXhRl5fZq3x91As9IQBV2sAwvHg_x_pymIx4gOLk0u-D4gI/s400/GM-PMurphy.jpg" width="145" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Murphy,
who graduated from West Point in 1903 with General Hugh S. Johnson of
the NRA, had first attended the William Penn Charter School in
Philadelphia and the Quakers' Haverford College. During his Army stint
he was in the Military Intelligence Division--an elite intelligence
group set up during the Spanish-American War. He had also been one of
two men selected by Secretary of State John Hay, under instructions from
President Theodore Roosevelt, for a secret mission to “gather
information in South American countries which might play a role should
the United States involve itself in conflict within the Gulf of Mexico
or the Caribbean.” </span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(8)</span></b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">
Acting both as a military attaché and as a consulate aide, Murphy
traveled incognito to Venezuela and returned to brief the President
personally.<b> </b></span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(9)</span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">What
we can glean from the remainder of his career—including his role in the
1934 plot—reveals much about America’s incipient intelligence
organization before either the Office of Strategic Services or Central
Intelligence Agency were formed.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">G.M-P
Murphy & Co., formed in 1907, specialized in the preserving assets
of bankrupt companies for the benefit of creditors, working on
commissions paid to him by creditors desiring to get possession of
assets held as security for defaulted loans. Gerald MacGuire, at the
time he approached Gen. Butler, sold bonds for the Murphy company, and
it is clear from testimony given before the Congressional Committee on
Un-American Activities that MacGuire was</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="color: black;">“continuously </span><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="color: black;">on the payroll of G.M.P. Murphy & Co.</span><span class="size9 TrebuchetMS9" style="color: black;">, regardless as to whether he was making tours of inspection at the expense of Clark or whatever he was doing.” </span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(10)</span></b></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Ostensibly, MacGuire’s numerous travel expenses were paid by an organization called the </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><a href="http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/sound_dollar.html" target="_self">Committee for a Sound Dollar and Sound Currency, Inc</a></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">.
(whose members, MacGuire claimed, included both Grayson Murphy and
Robert Sterling Clark. Clark undoubtedly had access to a huge pool of
cash set aside to promote the the American Legion's Chicago convention,
for which he tried unsuccessfully to recruit General Butler as a speaker. </span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(11)</span></b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">
The American Legion’s purposes apparently coincided with those of
MacGuire’s employer, Grayson Murphy, whose company’s $125,000 donation
had financed the Legion’s incorporation. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Unless Murphy’s company was a </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><i>mere cover for intelligence work</i></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">,
it is difficult to understand what MacGuire contributed to the company
which paid him to travel throughout Europe, studying the role military
groups had played in setting up Fascist governments in Spain, Italy and
Vischy France. Murphy’s background, besides heading "protective
committees" to foreclose on creditors’ interests in collateral on
existing loans, was military intelligence and planning of secret
military operations--</span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><i>forerunner to the role of today's CIA</i></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">.
He was part of a super-secret intelligence organization within the
military, funded by the American Red Cross and coordinated by </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/domestic-surveillance" target="_self">Major General Ralph H. Van Deman</a></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">—General
Pershing's senior intelligence officer and Chief of Allied
Counterintelligence. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Beginning in 1917 Murphy, as an appointee of President Wilson, worked for the Red Cross in France and as an officer in the Army:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">“Douglas
MacArthur took over the brigade and received his first general's star. …
The 42nd also got a new G3, Major Grayson M.P. Murphy, a West Point
graduate who had left the army to pursue a very successful career in
finance and banking. Murphy had come to France as head of the American
Red Cross, and in June 1917, went with Pershing to Chaumont as a part of
the permanent staff of AEF Headquarters. While on Pershing's staff,
Murphy coordinated Red Cross activities with the army's medical service
in the field. His West Point background and good service in the infantry
in the Philippines impressed Pershing enough to send him to the 42nd
Division in the critical position of G3 [operations and planning].” </span><b><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">(12)</span></b></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>“Your Servant—The Red Cross”</i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">According to an article styled “Your Servant—The Red Cross” by Geddes Smith, published in </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><i>The Independent</i></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">
in 1917, the work performed by the Red Cross War Council in World War I
closely resembled contemporary services provided under contracts
awarded to Halliburton, a profit-making corporation, for the soldiers in
Iraq. Geddes describes those services as follows:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">“The
Red Cross is servicing France. [We only hope no pun was intended!] The
War Council, thru its commissioners, asked France what immediate service
was most wanted. ‘Give us canteens,’ was the answer…. The word canteen …
means, first, a field kitchen close behind the first line of trenches
from which hot coffee and tea … and cold lemonade and such drinks are
served out to fighting men…. It means, also, an outpost of civilization—a
place where a </span><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;"><i>poilu</i></span><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;"> leaving the front can … shave and wash his mud-stained body and disinfect his germ-laden clothing…” </span><b><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;"></span><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">(13)</span></b></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLYzQ-PyKOMBQKHFbph_4YT9Lg5QfTHoO8ckoxC1ZCFRkeuF4QJKbWnihFt8E94PwoFsZ5VKXjzo5uSVC8ZIyfa3Ndav_4HSuCDF62np_IDKw1c3mgmJXDPxkcpQ7OIrKZtiwrOWAiLp8/s1600/the-american-red-cross.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLYzQ-PyKOMBQKHFbph_4YT9Lg5QfTHoO8ckoxC1ZCFRkeuF4QJKbWnihFt8E94PwoFsZ5VKXjzo5uSVC8ZIyfa3Ndav_4HSuCDF62np_IDKw1c3mgmJXDPxkcpQ7OIrKZtiwrOWAiLp8/s320/the-american-red-cross.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Red
Cross services also included the provision of food supplies, linens and
clothing for persons left homeless by the war, infirmaries and
rest-stations for soldiers, all of which were paid for out of donations
collected by the Red Cross from the general public—estimated at
$100,000,000. Today Halliburton is paid by a combination of corporate
profits and American tax dollars to provide the same types of services
for America’s armed forces.</span></span></div>
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<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>Rambling with Wild Bill Donovan</i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Within
a year after the war’s end, Murphy returned again to Europe with a man
who was to become the first American head of a civilian intelligence
organization in America, William J. Donovan. According to Donovan’s
biographer, the job Donovan and Murphy performed was to gather
information concerning a proposed Morgan bank bond issue for a
consortium of capitalists who wanted statistics from Europe before these
bankers, lawyers and investors underwrote, bought or sold bonds for
European reconstruction; the names of the capitalists, however, were not
disclosed.</span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"> (14)</span></b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">
Donovan and Murphy “toured Europe together to make their own
intelligence estimates and establish a private intelligence network to
keep them and like-minded members of America’s ‘peacetime’ intelligence
subculture advised of changes in Europe.” </span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(15)</span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: #000066;"><b><i>Morgan Syndicate</i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilw-x4H69ZbOA1EvPU9VG2aFbwa2HrGYi7lQzlzqYGRJZ0AXEz24vccQ3giD9YpI2DUx7FoDQQqGXf5lbX813EXJF5m-bVBIpErXWxEIKCRRm6pRm2lE06-_0m2n7S0lxFLx2dyBNIvxc/s1600/pierre.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilw-x4H69ZbOA1EvPU9VG2aFbwa2HrGYi7lQzlzqYGRJZ0AXEz24vccQ3giD9YpI2DUx7FoDQQqGXf5lbX813EXJF5m-bVBIpErXWxEIKCRRm6pRm2lE06-_0m2n7S0lxFLx2dyBNIvxc/s200/pierre.jpg" width="123" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Raskob with his boss, Du Pont</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">FDR
had been elected in 1932 with financial and political assistance from
corporations such as General Motors, then in control of major
shareholders John J. Raskob and Pierre and Lammot Du Pont, whose desire
was to use war-generated profits to diversify and consolidate their
corporate holdings. That ambition was consistent with the Morgan banking
network's goals, with which General Motors had long been affiliated. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Professor
Carroll Quigley, of the opinion that there were different factions
within the Morgan bank establishment, stated in his book </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=094500110X%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><i>Tragedy and Hope</i></span></a><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">: </span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">“To
Morgan all political parties were simply organizations to be used, and
the firm always was careful to keep a foot in all camps. Morgan himself,
Dwight Morrow, and other partners were allied with Republicans; Russell
C. Leffingwell was allied with the Democrats; Grayson Murphy was allied
with the extreme Right; and Thomas W. Lamont was allied with the
Left.” </span><b><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">(16)</span></b></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Thomas Lamont’s rise in influence within the bank followed the chairmanship of World War I head of the American Red Cross, <a href="http://www.oldlongisland.com/2009/09/peacock-point.html" target="_blank">Henry Pomeroy Davison</a>, </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><b>(17)</b> </span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">
whose banking career had begun in the Astor Bank, and who reared his
sons (F. Trubee Davison and H.P., Jr.) at Locust Valley, Long Island,
New York, near the estate of Robert S. Lovett. Lamont's "left-leaning tendencies" caused concern
among members of the more conservative faction, who detested the role Leffingwell
and Lamont had played in advising FDR to take the dollar off the gold
standard. </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">In response
to removal of the gold backing on the dollar, </span></span>Roosevelt’s own budget director, <a href="http://theamericanscholar.org/a-cousin-from-cologne/" target="_blank">Lewis W. Douglas</a> (who was brother-in-law of Rockefellers' attorney John J. McCloy), predicted the end of Western Civilization, while
Montagu Norman of the Bank of England (also a Brown Brothers partner) feared the entire world would
plunge into bankruptcy. </span><b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">(18)</span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">These
apocalyptic opinions reflect also the sentiments of the Anglo-American
political philosophy supported by the same bankers who desired to rid
the world of anti-capitalism—any tendencies leading to labor unrest and
anarchy—which they equated with Communism. The British Foreign Secretary
in 1925, Austen Chamberlain, for example, had commented:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">“If I ever had to choose in my own country between anarchy and dictatorship, I expect I should be on the side of the dictator.” </span><b><span class="size10 TrebuchetMS10" style="color: black;">(19)</span></b></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK8gFZrXTfXdXV6LeQCBEgZA4CvxpVOEo-TFZ4S8Ju6oBC7cF5Q3KdpFphyMm3AqITNgV6E-h5hzWHfMwhO1dewIcJPupu-N69mXveMRy0HxTXVYqtE_omAAcAuvWmP8UCrSMe2o7-5iU/s1600/Cox+quote.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK8gFZrXTfXdXV6LeQCBEgZA4CvxpVOEo-TFZ4S8Ju6oBC7cF5Q3KdpFphyMm3AqITNgV6E-h5hzWHfMwhO1dewIcJPupu-N69mXveMRy0HxTXVYqtE_omAAcAuvWmP8UCrSMe2o7-5iU/s400/Cox+quote.jpg" width="231" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Butler
never met with Grayson Murphy, though, upon his insistence that he be
introduced to one of MacGuire’s principals in the plot, he was paid a
visit from Robert Sterling Clark, a multimillionaire, deprecatingly
dubbed “the millionaire lieutenant” during the war. A grandson of Edward
Clark, attorney for and partner of Isaac Singer, inventor of the sewing
machine, Robert S. Clark was also one of three sons of Alfred Corning
Clark, who had served as Singer’s president until his death in 1896. The
Clark family involvement in the scheme adds another layer of depth and
texture to a tapestry woven by an assortment of banking families who
were working behind the scenes in 1934 to wrest control of America’s
central bank out of "liberal" hands and place it within those of an
Anglo-American military- fascist elite.</span></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Six
years after Alfred Corning Clark died, his widow married the Right Rev.
<a href="http://anglicanhistory.org/usa/hcpotter/" target="_blank">Henry Codman Potter</a>, Episcopal Bishop of New York, who serves as a link
between Clark and an offshoot of the family of Alexander Brown of Baltimore, the
oldest merchant banking family in America. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;">Brown Brothers
of New York is the bank with which President George H.W. Bush’s father
was a partner after its merger with the investment banks of the sons of
robber baron E.H. Harriman in 1926.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> NOTES:</span></b><br />
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">1.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Quincy Howe, </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1104835150%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>England Expects Every American To Do His Duty</i></span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1937), 198.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>2</b>.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> The quotes from MacGuire were obtained from Wikisource website.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">3.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Retired </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Samuel_Johnson" target="_self">General Johnson </a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">(West Point Class of 1903) was then administrator of the National Recovery Administration. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,930518,00.html" target="_self">Time</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,930518,00.html" target="_self"> magazine (October 31, 1934)</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
reported: “Each and every reporter at Hyde Park was aware that General
Hugh Samuel Johnson had at last cooked his goose with the President. In
his speech on the textile strike week before, NRA’s Johnson had
denounced the strikers in such violent terms that Labor swore it would
have the General’s scalp. In the same address General Johnson sealed his
official doom, as far as the President was concerned, when he said:
‘During the whole intense [NRA] experience I have been in constant touch
with that old counselor, Judge Louis Brandeis. As you know, he thinks
that anything that is too big is bound to be wrong. He thinks NRA is too
big, and I agree with him.’ Vastly displeased was the President with
General Johnson’s public claim to intellectual kinship with Supreme
Court Justice Brandeis, before whom the National Recovery Act must
sooner or later come for adjudication.”</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i> Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
had first reported on Johnson’s background as follows: “He set up the
General Staff's Purchase. Storage and Traffic Division to eliminate
competitive government buying, sat on the War Industries Board with
Bernard Mannes Baruch. Resigning from the army in 1919 as a Brigadier
General, he joined the Moline (Ill.) Plow Co. of which George Nelson
Peek, new administrator of the Farm Relief Act, was president. In 1927
he went to Mr. Baruch at No. 120 Broadway as economic expert and
factfinder. Mr. Baruch lent him to President Roosevelt to help draft the
Industrial Recovery Act.” Time (May 29, 1933).</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">4.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> “America's Armed Forces: Part 2—In Time of Peace: The Army,” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Common Sense</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (October 1935), page 8.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">5.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Jules Archer, </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1602390363%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Plot To Seize The White House</i></span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1602390363%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"> </a>(New York: Hawthorn Books, 1973).</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">6.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> The correlation between the two committees is shown in an article by <a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/rnp/RNP10.html" target="_blank">David Kyvig</a> at the website maintained by the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Coalition to Oppose the Arms Trade (COAT)</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">7.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> The entire list of the membership was published by the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Washington Post</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> in 1928 under a front-page headline “New Wet Board’s Purpose Mystery to Party Leaders.” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Washington Post</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (April 23, 1928), 1. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">The
names listed were determined by the Post to be disproportionately
Republicans, who would later abandon Herbert Hoover in order to elect
Franklin Roosevelt. Besides Murphy, the name of <i>George H. Walker</i>
(grandfather of the first President Bush) was also listed. At that time
he was employed by W.A. Harriman & Co., which in 1931 was to merge
with the established private banking firm of Brown Brothers & Co.,
of which Bank of England chairman Montagu Norman was a partner. </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">8.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> William R. Corson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Armies of Ignorance: The Rise of the American Intelligence Empire</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: The Dial Press/James Wade, 1967), 597.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">9.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
This trip to Venezuela occurred at the same time that an international
lawyer who was a leader in the Pan-American Society, Dr. Severo
Mallet-Prevost of Philadelphia (son of Dr. Grayson Mallet-Prevost),
sailed to Venezuela in order to promote a loan to be made by Speyer
& Co. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>It appears that Dr. Mallet-Prevost was Murphy’s uncle.</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">10.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
The transcript of the hearings of the Committee, often referred to as
HUAC or the “MacCormack-Dickstein Committee,” can be found online in
three segments, together with Smedley Butler’s brochure, </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1478349840%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>War Is a Racket</i></span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> and other materials about the plot.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">11.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
The Congressional Committee Report, however, upon examining the
membership list, did not find those names. See <i>Report of Congressional
House Special Committee on Un-American Activities</i>, 73rd Congress, 2d
Session (New York: November 24, 1934). Also see the chapter entitled
“Wall Street Buys the New Deal,” in Antony C. Sutton, </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0899683258%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Wall Street and FDR</i></span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
(New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1975). Had Butler agreed to speak at the convention, he would have
received no less than $18,000 in cash for reading a speech written by
John W. Davis, demanding a return to the gold standard.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">12.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> James J. Cooke, </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0275947688%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Rainbow Division in the Great War, 1917-1919</i></span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (Praeger Publishers, 1994), 133, citing as source: John J. Pershing, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>My Experiences in the World War</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
(New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1931), Vol. 1, 71, 108, 280. The
author also cites fascinating excerpts from General Patton’s diary
relating run-ins he encountered with Murphy: “Maj [sic] Murphy told me
he could not put smoke in plan as stencil was already cut. The biggest
fool remark I ever heard showing just what an S.O.B. the late chief of
Red Cross is.” Cooke, 148, quoting from Martin Bluenson (ed.), <i>The
Patton Papers, 1885- 1940</i>, Vol. 2 (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1972),
628.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">13.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Geddes Smith, “Your Servant—The Red Cross,” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Independent</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">; 91, 3590 (September 22, 1917), 462.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">14.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b> </b>Richard Dunlop, </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ciframe%20src=%22http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=quixot-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0528811177%22%20style=%22width:120px;height:240px;%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20marginwidth=%220%22%20marginheight=%220%22%20frameborder=%220%22%3E%3C/iframe%3E" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Donovan: America’s Master Spy</i></span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
(Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1982), 137. We can reconstruct
the names of those investors were by examining the bond issues
underwritten immediately after their summer tour in 1920.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">15.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b> </b>William R. Corson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Armies of Ignorance</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>op. cit</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">., 598.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">16.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Carroll Quigley, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966), 945.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">17</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>.
</b>“Davison …conceived the plan which resulted in the formation of the
Bankers' Trust Company, intended to serve as a depository for the funds
of national banks and insurance companies. In 1902 George F. Baker and
Francis L. Hine of the First National Bank invited him to become
vice-president and director. There he soon won recognition from J.
Pierpont Morgan, Sr., who frequently consulted him, especially in the
monetary crisis of 1907, when Davison had an important part in
determining the action of New York banks. During the next year he joined
the Monetary Commission headed by Senator Aldrich and in the capacity
of banking expert with that commission he visited France, Germany, and
England. He then acquainted himself with the prevailing European idea of
a flexible national currency. In association with Senator Aldrich, Paul
M. Warburg, Frank A. Vanderlip, and A. Piatt Andrew, he took part in
drawing up the ‘Jekyl Island’ report that led to the crystallization of
sentiment resulting in the creation of the Federal Reserve System.
Having become a partner in J. P. Morgan & Company, he served with
distinction in 1910 as chairman of the Six-Power Chinese Loan Conference
at Paris.” </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936.</i></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">18.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b> </b>Ron Chernow, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1990), 358-359.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">19.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Quoted in Clement Leibovitz and Alvin Finkel, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Chamberlain-Hitler Collusion</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (UK: Merlin Press Ltd., 1997), 39.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">20.</span></b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b> </b>Published by World Peace Foundation (1927), 718.</span></span><span class="size11 Helvetica11" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-13296695748345876212012-08-30T12:06:00.001-05:002012-08-30T12:09:55.706-05:00Pecunia non olet<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiijr19uJijBqIWLeeyTxUNnL6zDfXn-GHDLCgP39-XxC3BVWIN-Y-KYNhoQB2EVTdYUr_sfNtZKRv0U2JDlGvPSXqeD6JQryFfheC2Hh4xeP3Fn2z2HbAhsMSwxibGfEs9bTVxbegBQrc/s1600/Vespasianus.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiijr19uJijBqIWLeeyTxUNnL6zDfXn-GHDLCgP39-XxC3BVWIN-Y-KYNhoQB2EVTdYUr_sfNtZKRv0U2JDlGvPSXqeD6JQryFfheC2Hh4xeP3Fn2z2HbAhsMSwxibGfEs9bTVxbegBQrc/s200/Vespasianus.png" width="158" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left;">
<span class="H_Subitle"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">According to the <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-vespasian.asp" target="_blank">historian Suetonius</a>,Vespasian, who ruled the Roman Empire from AD 69 to AD 79, had a son named Titus who found fault with him for contriving a tax upon public
toilets. Vespasian held a piece of money from the first payment to his son's nose, asking whether
its odor was offensive to him. When Titus said "No," he replied, "Yet it
comes from urine." </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The moral: <i><b>Money doesn't stink.</b></i></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">But then any emperor would believe the same.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-variant: small-caps;">William Hathaway Forbes</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: large;">© 2012 by Linda Minor</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: #7f6000; color: #fce5cd;">
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“By the late 1830s, opium was the basis of East-West
commerce. It balanced the payments…Everyone needed it.”</div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="addmd">Jonathan
Goldstein, Jerry Israel, Hilary Conroy, </span><i>America</i><i> views </i></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>China</i><i>:
American images of China
then and now,</i></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> p. 61.</span> </span></div>
</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK52fj9NffanYtAVaqoD3J4bi-vFyTh1AKe43Llneqk4My9R8g7q2WzREb5WrN0HPalkKvOMwysMvinvfjaHTZDknnB52G3UsZ2ftuIJvYDqPvFsXHNuynFfMOrzcBVH8WVw49I5Ol8HI/s1600/opiumwarpic1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK52fj9NffanYtAVaqoD3J4bi-vFyTh1AKe43Llneqk4My9R8g7q2WzREb5WrN0HPalkKvOMwysMvinvfjaHTZDknnB52G3UsZ2ftuIJvYDqPvFsXHNuynFfMOrzcBVH8WVw49I5Ol8HI/s320/opiumwarpic1.jpg" width="194" /></a></div>
Shortly after his retirement from the China trade, John Murray
bought
an island off the coast of Massachusetts near Nantucket in Buzzard’s Bay
called Naushon. His son William Hathaway was then a mere lad of 7
or 8 years. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Then one of the wealthiest families in New England, Forbes began a concentrated effort toward his son's proper education--without much cooperation on the part of the youngster.</span></div>
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William Hathaway Forbes failed to graduate with his Harvard class
of 1861, in which he began as a freshman in 1857.<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></b>
To his father's great embarrassment, he was summarily expelled, as revealed in the
article below, which appeared in the Pittsfield Eagle during his
junior year at Harvard. One biographer
linked the scandal to the secret society called <a href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/4/14/doctors-of-destruction-harvard-has-always/" target="_blank">“Med. Fac.”</a> that had
been operating at Harvard since at least 1820. Not unlike the Skull and Bones secret society at Yale, it had its roots much earlier among the medical faculty.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBq7CnGKuPYEA2bsD5tn0fqw-Qsjy3Xq5jULYwUD4fNMJjm6Lqcrfk6tfUffIKMH0qrXsF7WCtawnow1E7GRy9kA0KANQAjBQamyWLRNNfnvvkj6fQh7TRyALZSJ2zKw9d6CgCHx-64d4/s1600/Appleton+Chapel_1860.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBq7CnGKuPYEA2bsD5tn0fqw-Qsjy3Xq5jULYwUD4fNMJjm6Lqcrfk6tfUffIKMH0qrXsF7WCtawnow1E7GRy9kA0KANQAjBQamyWLRNNfnvvkj6fQh7TRyALZSJ2zKw9d6CgCHx-64d4/s640/Appleton+Chapel_1860.jpg" width="297" /></a><br />
<br />
Fortunately for the Forbes
family, war intervened and Will Forbes rose in the 2d Cavalry of the
Union Army, eventually attaining the rank of lieutenant
colonel. His friend and brother-in-law, Henry Sturgis Russell (whose
family had started Russell & Co.) served in the same regiment until
he was promoted to brigadier
general over the "colored" regiment (the Fifth). Henry <a href="http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rlpierce&id=I79703" target="_blank">married</a> Mary Hathaway
Forbes, Will’s sister, in 1863.<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></span></span></b> His father, John Murray Forbes, showed his disappointment in
his son when headlines in January 1860 revealed him to be the culprit who
almost killed an undercover cop who hid in Appleton Chapel hoping to catch a
repeat burglar. Reminiscent of Barbara Bush when her son Neil was criticized
for helping to loot Silverado Savings, Will’s mother also sped to her son’s
defense. Boys will be boys, as the saying goes. But Will's father, usually called simply J.M. Forbes, didn’t want to
rock the boat; he had only just begun to remove the stench of opium from his
reputation.</div>
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William Hathaway’s friend and Harvard classmate from the
class of 1860—Henry Sturgis Russell, son of George Robert and Sarah Russell—would
join the Massachusetts Cavalry as soon as they heard the war drums. They were
young and itching for excitement. Their fathers, grandfathers and uncles had
all experienced that same adrenalin in the Far East
decades earlier as merchant traders.<br />
<br />
It was also war which consumed much of the career of another descendant of Samuel Russell--William Huntington Russell--who in addition to operating a military school in New Haven also had helped to found the secret society Skull and Bones similar in many respects to the <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F50F11FB385414728DDDAD0A94DA405B818CF1D3" target="_blank">Med Fac society</a> which operated years earlier at Harvard.</div>
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Henry’s Russell's uncle,<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/rise_fall_canton_01/cw_essay03.html" target="_blank"> Samuel Wadsworth Russell</a> had started Russell & Co.
at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SKUBAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA20" target="_blank">2 Suy-Hong</a> in Canton in
<a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924009908421#page/n107/mode/2up" target="_blank">1824</a> in competition with the Perkins and Forbes family, with whom he merged his company in
1832. Henry’s father, George Russell was a partner in Russell, Sturgis &
Co. formed in Manila
in 1828.<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></b> They had more or less taken over the trade of the <a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924009908421#page/n93/mode/2up" target="_blank">East India Company</a> in China when the British departed.</div>
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By the time William’s own father, John Murray Forbes, first laid eyes upon the
Chinese city of Canton,
where his uncles (one of whom, James Sturgis, had married a Perkins girl,
making him “Uncle Jimmy”) and brothers had garnered the family wealth, he was
working for the larger firm which bore the Russell name. But it was all the
same family business--trading mostly in opium in China and later investing profits in America for their Canton trading partner, Houqua, under the name of Russell & Co.</div>
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After his first tour in China, Will Hathaway’s father
had returned to Milton, Massachusetts, married Sarah Hathaway, a friend of his sisters, and then quickly returned to China to seek his fortune. In the meantime,
Russell & Co. had made him a partner of the firm, based on his close
relationship with Houqua, who controlled the opium trade on the
mainland. To please his new partners he stayed in China without seeing his new bride
again for almost two years. Once he returned, however, he remained in Milton, working as Houqua’s
agent until Canton’s
importance was toppled by the rise of Hong Kong. </div>
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After those best-forgotten days in
China, where he and the <a href="http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/heard/canton-trade.html" target="_blank">Houqua hong</a> had made fortunes working
around China's leaders who wanted to keep opium out of the hands of its
people, <b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></span></span></b>John
Murray Forbes spent the remainder of his life investing those fortunes (both his and Houqua's) in what was then America's most high-tech industry. He built the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy railroad.<br />
<br />
<br />
Ten years after Will's Harvard class graduated without him, the university finally
awarded him a retroactive honorary 1861 Harvard degree. They had forgotten his adolescent indiscretion as well as his status as a drop-out, as soon as he struck it rich. Perhaps to celebrate this honor, Will built a summer house on the
island his father had purchased with opium profits, a home which <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/12/untitled-aristocracy.html" target="_blank">future generations</a> of the Forbes family used as a networking base.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: #f6b26b; color: #4c1130;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><a href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1897/10/13/obituary-colonel-william-hathaway-forbes-61/" target="_blank">Harvard Crimson</a> - October 13, 1897
</b></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: #f6b26b;">
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Colonel William Hathaway Forbes '61, died on Monday at his place on Naushon Island. W. H. Forbes was born on Nov. 1st, 1840. He was the son of J. M.
Forbes and the brother of J. Malcolm Forbes. In college he was a
classmate of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Col. N. P. Hallowell, W. P.
Garrison and H. P. Bowditch. He left college during his first Junior
term and entered business in Boston in '61. In December of the same
year he was given a commission in the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry. In
1865 he married Miss Edith Emerson, daughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and
was engaged in active business in Boston until 1887. In 1872, by the
vote of the corporation, he received the degree of A. B. </div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Colonel Hallowell who was Mr. Forbes' chum in college speaks of
his broad-mindedness and generosity of nature. He was always ready at
college to help those who were struggling, and in later life he was
never happier than when doing a generous act in behalf of some
unfortunate who had appealed to him. </div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: #4c1130;">With interests many and wide, for many years a prominent figure
in Boston business and society, Colonel Forbes bore worthily a name that
has been among the foremost and best in the life and progress of
several generations</span>.</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
Is it naive to question the source of the money that built the railroad? Does money somehow lose the taint when invested in good old American free enterprise? It's a question that persists until the present day.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></b>
Edited by Albert K. Teele, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The History of
Milton, Mass.:
1640 to 1887</i>, p. 356 (Boston: Press of Rockwell & Churchill, 1884), p.
356. Also see Massachusetts Historical Society papers of Edith Emerson Forbes
and William Hathaway Forbes at the <a href="http://www.masshist.org/findingaids/doc.cfm?fa=fa0225" target="_blank">website</a> for the Forbes Papers,
accessed August 25, 2009.</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></b>His partner was Henry Parkman Sturgis, later referred to euphemistically as a "merchant in the Far East," and there were three other Sturgis
brothers involved in the firm—Russell, George and Samuel. </div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<b><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></b>
Teele, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of Milton</i>, p. 570. Also Mary Caroline
Crawford, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Famous families of Massachusetts Vol. I </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1930), p. 304.</div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9017405044201034132.post-2537832969164199722012-07-31T10:40:00.004-05:002022-01-31T13:39:21.976-06:00Accumulations of Money = Accumulated Power<div style="color: #bf9000; text-align: left;">
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="size20 TrebuchetMS20" style="color: #633100;"><b>TAKING THE GOLDEN EGGS (Part II) <span style="font-size: small;"> See <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">Part I</a> </span></b></span><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank"> </a></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="size18 Helvetica18" style="color: #633100;">© 2004 by Linda Minor</span></b></span></span></div>
<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: #fce5cd;">
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="color: #bf9000; text-align: left;">
<div style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><blockquote><span style="color: #666666;">"The North Americans created the myth that those who had wealth or who were children of those of wealth were superior people, harder working, and more intelligent." --H.G. Wells</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #666666;"></span></span></blockquote>It seems to be
very simple. Accumulate a pile of money. Associate with others who also
have piles of money. Network together to combine the money to attain
power and control government institutions. Use the government power
to keep the wealth within the network. Use the wealth to keep members
of the network in power. It all leads to a more orderly business
environment. Right?</div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10"> </span></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif"><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Henry Stimson's Skull and Bones Networks</b></i></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: right;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">According to </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Henry </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Stimson’s biographer, his father — </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.cornellsurgery.org/pro/training/history.html" target="_blank">Dr. Lewis Atterbury Stimson</a>, a surgeon </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">— did not relish the thought of his son’s marriage to a person of a </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><i>lesser class</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> than his family, even though Mabel’s ancestry, through her grandmother, was directly </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><a href="http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=AHN&db=:2149100&id=I102355708" target="_blank">traceable</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> to </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Captain Miles Standish of the Plymouth Colony</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[9]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGPnaRvkf835bg-RslSa_QwAiF93vh7XRYS3MuHyx01hcE1mRgdEwqk8UW5vdDRU-IYnFuI4Si8dLN6148syPpBnc_rQN7RuQzAYI0uK_9hVUCEprCzGmiGKcCABeU4ur1DQv0bOrnVKY/s1600/Lewis_Atterbury.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGPnaRvkf835bg-RslSa_QwAiF93vh7XRYS3MuHyx01hcE1mRgdEwqk8UW5vdDRU-IYnFuI4Si8dLN6148syPpBnc_rQN7RuQzAYI0uK_9hVUCEprCzGmiGKcCABeU4ur1DQv0bOrnVKY/w129-h200/Lewis_Atterbury.png" width="129" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/25891/1/005_30.pdf" target="_blank">Dr. Lewis A. Stimson</a></td></tr>
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</blockquote>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">The good doctor
believed that "accumulated wealth" should combine with organized
learning institutions to make their power productive: </span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">"The
man, <i>the brain</i>, is the essential. The history of thought and science is
filled wίth instances of great accomplishment effected with only the
scantiest aid from accumulated wealth; but the same history shows most
painfully the cost, the waste, and the limitations due to the lack of that
aid. The combination of the two <i>[the brain and wealth]</i> permits the man of affairs to make his
accumulated power productive along lines where his interest could not be
gratified without the aid of special training, and it makes possible
for the possessor of that training, much that could not be accomplished
without it. The workshop and the endowment must come from the
intelligent interest of the outsider, and that interest must be created
and stimulated by the worker.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">
<span>"Of
such fruitful aids to the advancement of knowledge and of wise
instruction, this building, for the opening of which we are gathered
today, is another added to those grouped upon our </span><span>Campus
which testify to the wise and generous thought of the benefactors of
the University. It is for us to use the means thus afforded in order
that that wisdom and generosity may have their full effect and that
their fruits may stimulate others to effort in the same beneficent
work."</span></span></span> </blockquote>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2UB3HOWYYzrI4yoMW4NVTf-PBU2KCzYUjA9MFJ6e-TAP7YFaxNHLS8VolsgX-SM50XyUE3rLeRTp22x6fFlnbaZQlFdKpdvUU95-jkoqQzwY1q5JfEtbUT9UnkG7GzWb1iI4A9n3tZ8s/s1600/Nazi-Doctor.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2UB3HOWYYzrI4yoMW4NVTf-PBU2KCzYUjA9MFJ6e-TAP7YFaxNHLS8VolsgX-SM50XyUE3rLeRTp22x6fFlnbaZQlFdKpdvUU95-jkoqQzwY1q5JfEtbUT9UnkG7GzWb1iI4A9n3tZ8s/s200/Nazi-Doctor.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">The American health industry has always felt it had a nobler cause than </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">merely</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> making the masses healthy. The motivation of Henry's father, as shown above, was to build a medical infrastructure so that men of his own class could continue to be trained in medical research and the study of disease. In many ways </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Dr. Stimson</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> had a mentality similar to the doctors in Germany, where had studied. His own classmates would ultimately use Jews as subjects in experiments before World War II, for the "advancement" of knowledge. They, too, simply wanted to know how disease worked in the body and had no regard for persons of <i>lesser class</i> or race. Their ultimate goal was to improve the lot of their own kind. It was the same mentality that pervaded the secret society called Skull and Bones.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">The Skull and Bones network was illustrated by Antony Sutton in his book, <i>America's Secret Establishment</i>, as follows:</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SP0cDfmwLNCXg36jtA_P7Qi4-sFh6jTX86isLloNEP63EiYI2TCJReD3mifdnX_SQS2nTRhii_lfCH3m5-pJVBDTs3oPgJp1Ix-XvAFmUYq4w-Xcuu41itX74-aCR4TA3QCBT1DPE6U/s1600/order.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SP0cDfmwLNCXg36jtA_P7Qi4-sFh6jTX86isLloNEP63EiYI2TCJReD3mifdnX_SQS2nTRhii_lfCH3m5-pJVBDTs3oPgJp1Ix-XvAFmUYq4w-Xcuu41itX74-aCR4TA3QCBT1DPE6U/s400/order.gif" width="376" /></a></div>
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<div style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
<i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10">Networking Through Marriage</span></b></i></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">When </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Henry Lewis Stimson married Mary White, he gained a phenomenal</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> connection to <i>the Order</i> through his new in-laws that tapped into many generations of accumulation of wealth and power in New England. Mary White Stimson's father, <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">Charles Atwood White</a>, and her brothers were not only members of Skull and Bones, but her uncle, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Henry Dyer White, was treasurer of the Russell Trust Association in 1856, the year Skull and Bones became a state-chartered corporation in Connecticut. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">This strong connection to the Order's goals gave young Stimson a
foot in the door with another </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">relative of his wife </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Bonesman </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">Sherman Evarts</a> (Yale, Skull and Bones,1881)</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">, who became </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">his own law associate </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">but to </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">a Bonesman who was a Yale classmate of his father (both were members of the Yale class of 1863<span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">)</span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">, William Collins Whitney<span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">; while Henry's uncle and namesake,</span></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Rev. Henry Albert Stimson
(Skull and Bones 1865) was only two years behind the two</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[10]</b> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">The secret society at Yale soon was able to control </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> as was its goal, according to Antony Sutton in the video below </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> the boards of many of the most prestigious networks of professionals in America </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> attorneys, clergy, universities, and the medical profession.</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b><br /></b></span>
</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b><br /></b></span>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">See <a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=anthony+sutton" target="_blank">Antony Sutton videos</a>.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid1iVKAtEldhyHUCjuxBvqLSumB9j3LUrSdnmLpe_i2R_R2oNDgH58sssH3ckl6dinhB3vdP-r-7Lay_wd6xmt3XBgEQ2UJmHV7oKm3HOE-4OqcVE4A1nJxxv3i6YZBaWnKdwfV4yAHBU/s1600/belcourt.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid1iVKAtEldhyHUCjuxBvqLSumB9j3LUrSdnmLpe_i2R_R2oNDgH58sssH3ckl6dinhB3vdP-r-7Lay_wd6xmt3XBgEQ2UJmHV7oKm3HOE-4OqcVE4A1nJxxv3i6YZBaWnKdwfV4yAHBU/s200/belcourt.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Belmonts' mansion in Newport</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">W. C. Whitney wasted no time introducing Stimson to his own attorney, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Elihu Root</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">, a graduate of Hamilton College where Root’s father was a mathematics professor. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Root's daughter, Edith, would marry Ulysses S. Grant III in 1907, an event that would help Republicans move away from the Democratic Party, which Whitney represented. But that would still be years in the future, after Whitney's own son accepted the beneficence of his uncle, one of Standard Oil's largest investors--Oliver Hazard Payne, Flora Payne Whitney's brother.<br /></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Hamilton College had also been the alma mater of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Whitney’s father-in-law, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Henry B. Payne</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">, before his move to Ohio in 1833. Payne's own father-in-law, </span><a href="http://academic2.marist.edu/foy/esopus/esop04.html" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Nathan Perry</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">, was the leading merchant in what was then "the West." </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[11]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">
Through this marriage, U.S. Senator Henry B. Payne had thus made contact with the nautical Rhode
Island Perrys of Newport — a town with the unpleasant distinction of
having been the center of the African slave trade. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[12]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.lauracaseyinteriors.com/blog/2009/06/05/belmonts-belcourt/" target="_blank">Newport</a> was then an </span><a href="http://www.destinationnewport.com/mansion.asp" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">opulent resort</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> for America’s most wealthy, including the Vanderbilt and Astor families as well as the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Rothschild banking representative </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.lauracaseyinteriors.com/blog/2009/06/05/belmonts-belcourt/" target="_blank">August Belmont</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">, who married the </span><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">daughter of <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=804" target="_blank">Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nast" target="_blank">Nast </a>cartoon of Boss Tweed</td></tr>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">By
accepting Elihu Root’s offer of employment in 1891, Stimson would thus be working
for a man who had helped Governor Samuel Tilden, a Democrat, end the Tweed
Ring’s control of Tammany Hall, even though Root had earlier represented Boss William Tweed, a Republican, in 1873. But Whitney’s goal had not been to <i>
stop</i> corruption; he simply wanted to <i>control</i> it </span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> believing that graft and political
corruption were </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><i>contemptible only so long as</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">
they were not being used to his own advantage. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Whitney boasted that he
hired Root’s firm because, in so many words, <i>Root knew how to manipulate the law without
breaking it</i>. It was a useful lesson for those who wanted to control the increasingly powerful federal government.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="size10 Verdana10" face=""verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #d36100;"><b style="color: #bf9000;"><i>Inventing the “Pump and Dump”</i></b></span></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU-TZXfmYqUxIuw6oeLaPESMrRzH-DcrFNFETb06vpqAg4fA_QbqIrg5BGVrJYtaojv2p7PAoaYC9DHivDhU8RdMpJN1M3nEkfgJ7SlF8QxtvVI0BjfeYAqiciAuJ6zK9EpI3tfYYHNYs/s1600/ship.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="117" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU-TZXfmYqUxIuw6oeLaPESMrRzH-DcrFNFETb06vpqAg4fA_QbqIrg5BGVrJYtaojv2p7PAoaYC9DHivDhU8RdMpJN1M3nEkfgJ7SlF8QxtvVI0BjfeYAqiciAuJ6zK9EpI3tfYYHNYs/s200/ship.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Building ships for U.S. Navy</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Whitney’s
loyalty to the Democrats, however, won him an appointment as Secretary of
the Navy under Grover Cleveland in 1885. As </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">naval chief for four years,
Whitney supervised an ambitious program to build battleships in order to
modernize the navy </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> to the benefit of the Perry family, who were, incidentally, connected by marriage with Rothschild banking agent, August Belmont, whose financing was critical in the plan. Only by building up the naval fleet of battleships could America have the ability by 1898 to challenge Spain in Cuba and the
Philippines, necessary for the expansionist plans of President Taft's Skull and Bones network. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[13]</b> S</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">hip construction</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> on such a massive scale required money, of course, and August Belmont was there to help the Perrys and Whitney </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> all an intricate part of "the government" of President Cleveland </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">—</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> with the financing of the massive effort.</span></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr align="left"><td><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Page/Eggs1.html#anchor_28" target="_self"> </a></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguKQ4tSVbhkMeBWnOfitc6FLX2rc33XKI22RzRUnNNqkRMzP5m4YZpHuzbSxgaZD-hKr0R_u77twqcbQNjCkzFfthtnZvIfe-wCkvCTg6pMMZ0YJDkhU7VRwLw6-puYARZGl7ZWYlVezc/s1600/Whitney+syndicate.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguKQ4tSVbhkMeBWnOfitc6FLX2rc33XKI22RzRUnNNqkRMzP5m4YZpHuzbSxgaZD-hKr0R_u77twqcbQNjCkzFfthtnZvIfe-wCkvCTg6pMMZ0YJDkhU7VRwLw6-puYARZGl7ZWYlVezc/s1600/Whitney+syndicate.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">By
1890 Whitney had returned to New York, and his investment syndicate began
consolidating street railways in Philadelphia, New York, and smaller
cities into one electric </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">transit company. They hired attorney </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lI_GRXdZkEAC&dq=Francis+Lynde+Stetson+%22holding+company%22&q=stetson#v=snippet&q=stetson&f=false" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Francis Lynde Stetson</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> to incorporate America’s first holding company, which would become a model for financial fraud even to the present day. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[14]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> Within ten years, the Whitney syndicate would "merge" with the Rockefellers, according to the <i>New York Times</i> story posted to the right.</span></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></div>
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUSdQNmcanUSgWJNtF93IdmrFWcchYlJ-SAvO-FbBVvHW3zRpTMKSqolf0y7GGgyHUsn4e-qR13LH4wPQzbV741KQ2X4nxLBNMdWZtpcKH_Tr9h4_9tBsvxHgwZMDICzB-f3Q7Pmq2wjg/s1600/traction1.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUSdQNmcanUSgWJNtF93IdmrFWcchYlJ-SAvO-FbBVvHW3zRpTMKSqolf0y7GGgyHUsn4e-qR13LH4wPQzbV741KQ2X4nxLBNMdWZtpcKH_Tr9h4_9tBsvxHgwZMDICzB-f3Q7Pmq2wjg/s200/traction1.jpg" width="143" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Metropolitan Traction</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">According to the legal model Stetson followed, stock of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Metropolitan Traction Company</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">,
a holding company, was issued to pay Whitney and his associates for the
forty or so independent surface transit companies whose properties they
had purchased, including the right to operate exclusively in various metropolitan areas (called franchise rights). Since Whitney’s syndicate
controlled the new city officials, they were able to obtain a monopoly
concession to build one electric streetcar system along the various
routes previously authorized — a right which theoretically increased the value of the
properties sold to the holding company, even though most of the purchased </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">properties </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">were decrepit horse-car lines in
unprofitable territory, with little earning capacity or value. Still
Metropolitan paid prices in amounts from five to twenty times their
acquisition costs plus anticipated cost of construction. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[15]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">When
the holding company’s management (Whitney’s wealthy syndicate members who desired to invest in the most modern technology then available) began
declaring huge dividends for Metropolitan Traction Company — thus </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><i>pumping up</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> the stock’s price to ever greater heights — the unwary public rushed to the NYSE to buy the stock. Insiders who knew how inflated the value was, were happy </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><i>to dump</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> their stock to the tune of millions in profits for themselves.</span></div>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span><br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Having
once sold all their stock, the promoters then felt no obligation to
actually build the modernized streetcar system they had promised.
Newspaper publicity against the fraud perpetrated by the Metropolitan
Traction Co. resulted in rescission of its monopoly franchise, an action
overturned after an appeal to the Supreme Court handled by Elihu Root's firm.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb8TsnlFzD1ZLcZGeoYo35twCpdKULwVq_Q77akYMKvk_xzeplV0FzseOHagTWUQeqLEv_Y3kauFKGNG8OKYFmuYqkY97EzylP_iQdysOFP85VbHhyKcr7nYq9kgMM6wo58TsUS_4214o/s1600/elihu_root.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb8TsnlFzD1ZLcZGeoYo35twCpdKULwVq_Q77akYMKvk_xzeplV0FzseOHagTWUQeqLEv_Y3kauFKGNG8OKYFmuYqkY97EzylP_iQdysOFP85VbHhyKcr7nYq9kgMM6wo58TsUS_4214o/s1600/elihu_root.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #660000;">Elihu Root</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: #fce5cd;">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="background-color: #fce5cd; color: #660000; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"It is not a function of law," Root rationalized, "to enforce
the rules of morality."</span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">The
evidence supports only one conclusion: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Henry Stimson’s true role as an
attorney and “statesman” was engineered by men inside Yale's inner core. His role as Secretary of War placed him in a position of being able to defend financial investments abroad of the men he fronted for. As his network saw it, without continued profits from those companies, stocks and related interests they held, they would be unable to support Yale's endowment, which, as a consequence, would limit the influence in political affairs of their alumni, who had branched out into so many areas of American life. It was a vicious cycle. Whether the money or the power came first was of no consequence; reality was that the loss of either meant the loss of both.</span></blockquote>
<div style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
<i><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10">Investment Roll-Overs</span></b></i></div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">This merger of investments, as indicated in the Whitney Syndicate cover-up story above, is highly suspicious. <span style="color: #bf9000;">Why would the transportation empire controlled by William C. Whitney and Thomas Fortune Ryan begin this switch in 1900 from electrically powered transportation to oil and gas powered engines?</span> </span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">We can only surmise that part of the answer may have been the fact that 1900's Yale Skull and Bones graduates included a Rockefeller, whose uncle was John D. Rockefeller, and whose first cousin was John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Percy (who went by his middle name "Avery") in 1901 married Isabel Goodrich Stillman, sister of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Elsie Stillman. B</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">oth were daughters of James Stillman, president of the National City Bank. </span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Elsie</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> Stillman had married P. Avery's elder brother, William G. Rockefeller in 1898. Perhaps Yale's elite saw an opportunity to benefit its endowment by using this scion as leverage for its own sustenance.</span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">[This subject will be examined at another time. It is also dealt with at other blog/websites of this author: <a href="http://minormusings.com/">MinorMusings.com</a> and <a href="http://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/">QuixoticJoust.blogspot.com</a>., each of which contains labels and a search engine to facilitate further research.]</span><br />
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVljNNERARS9MY9pgSMSTbkBtcfCPyrPcO8CbHuellXofbUOw4hkKTDpjZWoU8r0CyXS8xpSQ6jwbKafpGexOHpwidiC4y9LNo5gfr5avgtLm8g4i0lcuxAUucc-EOZTsyxu2S8cwIYTE/s1600/Percy_1900.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVljNNERARS9MY9pgSMSTbkBtcfCPyrPcO8CbHuellXofbUOw4hkKTDpjZWoU8r0CyXS8xpSQ6jwbKafpGexOHpwidiC4y9LNo5gfr5avgtLm8g4i0lcuxAUucc-EOZTsyxu2S8cwIYTE/s400/Percy_1900.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Skull and Bones <a href="http://www.citizensamericaparty.org/dynasties.htm" target="_blank">1900</a>--Percy Rockefeller, seated at right.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
</div>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Stimson's law office was located
almost adjacent to the site where in 1914 the Federal Reserve Bank of
New York would be located, in a building which would remain his home
base off and on for over fifty years. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[16]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> When Root left the firm in 1899 to join the Republican administration, Stimson and another associ</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">ate,</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b> </b>Bronson Winthrop</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">,
started their own firm in the same location, engaged primarily in
corporate securities and litigation. </span></div><div align="justify"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></div><div align="justify"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Winthrop (an American globalist,
who had been born in Paris and educated in England), shared with <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-they-keep-secrets.html" target="_blank">John Forbes Kerry</a> a mutual ancestor, Wait Winthrop, as detailed in </span><a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2011/12/untitled-aristocracy.html" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Untitled Aristocracy</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK1GXANOU2N-YbqOL5BjfNZAy_ltffHRMIigtNt6bt9MQlUtVsuNt9jHbUKiyANFjYlHwxdsLo2eBlaQo4OyNdQhAsT5FG89Wy4v6GPy0dLwanYZ-akuXE4tOEPEbg9w6pxhAG7JsBYNY/s1600/nyse+wall.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK1GXANOU2N-YbqOL5BjfNZAy_ltffHRMIigtNt6bt9MQlUtVsuNt9jHbUKiyANFjYlHwxdsLo2eBlaQo4OyNdQhAsT5FG89Wy4v6GPy0dLwanYZ-akuXE4tOEPEbg9w6pxhAG7JsBYNY/s200/nyse+wall.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">In
1906 Stimson followed the same path blazed by Elihu Root — as attorney
for the southern district of New York — the district with jurisdiction
over the New York Stock Exchange and the lower Manhattan banks. Bronson
remained in the original offices to carry on the firm’s legal business,
with Stimson returning from time to time between appointments in
Washington. These men comprised an internationalist, even
imperialistic, circle of men deter-mined to make America a supreme power
in the world.</span></div><div align="justify"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></div><div align="justify"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">When Edith Root married Ulysses S. Grant III in 1907, The New York Tribune, then owned by Whitelaw Reid, considered the upcoming nuptials to be something akin to a royal coronation. Three days before the wedding the Sunday insert proclaimed: </span></div><div align="justify"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Daughter of Secretary of State to Wed Grandson of a President.</span></b><br /></div><div align="justify">
<br />
</div><div align="justify">Photos of the bride, the groom, Elihu Root, his son, Elihu, Jr., Mrs. Clara Root were presented in a collage, which also included a photo of President Grant's son, General Frederick Dent Grant and wife, Ida Honore Grant and their daughter--Julia Dent, otherwise known as <a href="https://quixoticjoust.blogspot.com/2013/07/when-white-russians-invaded-florida.html?m=1" target="_blank">Princess Cantacuzene</a>. Julia, it seems, had married the White Russian Romanov Prince Michel Cantacuzene in 1899 and would live in the Ukraine until the Russian Revolution in 1917 made refugees of them.<br /></div><div align="justify"><br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="size10 Verdana10" face=""verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #d36100;"><b style="color: #bf9000;"><i>Musical Chairs Skull and Bones Style</i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMjKD_Znpc7UDGQyVr7GxGz79Rn-58_Gc-XxmTEwYVHLSMRgcIkXL8Lsfdfd1B3mbLxQpFyC8_gaEdiPBjwb3dnfpyz8T_1UqLcqaqcljWDTTaqqMqtqD69R4Xs5UmhGrMp9JJa-qPiWU/s1600/oliver+payne.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMjKD_Znpc7UDGQyVr7GxGz79Rn-58_Gc-XxmTEwYVHLSMRgcIkXL8Lsfdfd1B3mbLxQpFyC8_gaEdiPBjwb3dnfpyz8T_1UqLcqaqcljWDTTaqqMqtqD69R4Xs5UmhGrMp9JJa-qPiWU/s200/oliver+payne.jpg" width="121" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oliver Hazard Payne</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> </span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">In
1899 Republican Elihu Root was appointed secretary of war by President
McKinley, who had spearheaded the Spanish-American War, which would then
lead to his suppression of the Boxer Rebellion in China. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[17</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">
Less than six months after the inauguration on his second term,
McKinley was assassinated, and Theodore Roosevelt became President.
Secretary of State John Hay, whose daughter Helen in 1902 would marry
Whitney’s son Payne (Skull and Bones 1898), had supervised the treaty to
end the Spanish-American War and formulated the Open Door policy. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[18]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"> No doubt Secretary Hay was looking out for his daughter's financial future in his role as foreign policy adviser to the President--equating what was best for the nation as what was best for Standard Oil, in which Payne Whitney had a huge stake which he inherited fr<span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">om his Bonesman uncle, </span></span><a href="http://academic2.marist.edu/foy/esopus/esop04.html" target="_blank"><span class="st" face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Oliver Hazard Payne</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">When Hay left the Cabinet, Elihu Root took his position and would be
replaced in turn by William Howard Taft (Skull and Bones 1878, son
of co-founder Alphonso Taft). Taft had first served in 1900 on the
Philippine Commission, eventually serving as Governor General of the
Islands, before advancing to the chair of Secretary of War in 1904.
After his stint as head of the State Department, Taft moved to the White
House in 1909. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">As
President, Taft appointed Root’s former associate Stimson to be
Secretary of War in 1911. In 1912, after Taft and TR had campaigned
against each other, thus making way for a Democrat, Woodrow Wilson, to
usher in the radical banking “reforms” which the Republicans had been
supporting by other names for years, Taft returned to Yale as a
professor until he was named Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1921.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">In
1927 Stimson served under Calvin Coolidge in Taft’s former role of
Governor General of the Philippines (where John Kerry’s great-uncle <a href="http://www.minormusings.com/Drugs/Mask.html" target="_blank">W. Cameron Forbes</a>, had also served), as well as being Secretary of State in
the administration of Republican Herbert Hoover. So popular (or perhaps
only “connected”) was Stimson that he was also tapped by Democrats
Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman to be Secretary of War. </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><b>[19]</b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">Stimson’s
ubiquity in each successive administration was due, not so much to his
military and diplomatic brilliance, but to his knowledge of how to
secretly finance war and extract spoils from the defeated — combined with
his closeness to the money spinners operating undeterred behind the
scenes. Colonel Stimson was like a sentry, pacing back and forth in
front of the door to the henhouse where geese were busily laying golden
eggs. He was there, not to protect the geese or their eggs, but to run
interference for his co-conspirators inside who snatched up the gold as
soon as it appeared. </span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">These "geese" represent pools of wealth accumulated
through hard work, charitable donations and taxes imposed on Americans.
Investment bankers, ostensibly intending only to “borrow” the gold and
return it with interest, have been trained for generations how to
stealthily remove that gold, in order to amass huge fortunes for
themselves through market manipulation and fraud. <noscript></noscript> </span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">When
they fail in their claimed intent to return the gold, to prevent
exposure they blithely plan new wars or other diversions in order to
save their reputations. McKinley, Roosevelt and Taft, for example,
promised the American people that there was an urgent need to “liberate”
the islands of Cuba and the Philippines from Spain, and that the
territory would be “developed” and “reconstructed” for the benefit of
those abused populations. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" face=""helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: black;">We
all recognize that George W. Bush is in no sense a creative
intellectual. Neither are those who planned the war in Iraq. They
are merely following the same model used at the turn of the previous
century — for exactly the same reason. They know there is oil in Iraq,
and that the untapped markets there could not be tapped while Saddam was
in power. By removing him, it would be possible to open the door to
trade with Iraq — another goose of sorts — whose glittering eggs were too
hard to resist.</span><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<br />
Videos about <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUKDXW3YaVA&feature=relmfu" target="_blank">Brown Brothers & Co</a>. and others from <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUKDXW3YaVA&feature=relmfu" target="_blank">Uroko</a> on You Tube<br />
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<div style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
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<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ </span></div>
<b><span style="color: black;">NOTES (continued from <a href="http://wherethegoldis.blogspot.com/2012/07/primer-on-controlling-people-using.html" target="_blank">Part I</a>):</span></b><br />
<div style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
<span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[9]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Godfrey Hodgson, THE COLONEL, p. 48; </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Family Forest Descendants of Thomas Mitchell</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> </span><a href="http://familyforest.com/products/4/e-books" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">genealogy</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[10]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
Stimson had worked since leaving law school for Sherman Evarts, another
Bonesman (1881) from a prestigious, politically connected, family, at
52 Wall Street—the same building which housed National City Bank of New
York, where Franklin Roosevelt would later have his law office.
Sherman’s father was </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/william-m-evarts" target="_blank">William Maxwell Evarts</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
(Skull and Bones 1837), the attorney general under Andrew Johnson (who
defended the Republican on impeachment charges) as well as being
secretary of state under Rutherford B. Hayes when the controversy over
the 1876 election was decided). The elder Evarts was also a trustee of
the Peabody Educational Fund, 1867-1901 and a member of the Corporation
of Yale College, 1872-91. See </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/1900t10obituary00yaleuoft/1900t10obituary00yaleuoft_djvu.txt" target="_blank">OBITUARY RECORD</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> OF GRADUATES OF YALE UNIVERSITY DECEASED FROM JUKE, 1900, TO JUNE, 1910.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[11]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
“Mary Perry was the only daughter of Nathan Perry and Pauline Shimmer.
Nathan had moved to Cleveland in 1804, one year after Ohio became a
state. He became the chief rival of John Jacob Astor in the fur trade,
and later became the leading merchant in Cleveland. Edward Perry, a
Quaker, emigrated to Sandwich, Mass around 1639. Two of his sons, tired
of harassment of Quakers, moved around 1704 to Narragansett country,
near the town of Newport, Rhode Island which had large farms which used
many slaves imported through Newport. Church of England enjoyed greater
prestige. The impact of this gay, opulent, slaveholding society was
unfavorable to the growth of so ascetic a sect as the Quakers, and the
Perrys eventually moved into the Anglican communion. Freeman Perry
married Mercy Hazard in 1755, the daughter of Oliver Hazard. She
inherited 300 acres in North Kingstown and lived and died there.” </span><a href="http://academic2.marist.edu/foy/esopus/esop04.html" target="_blank"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Oliver Hazard Payne</span></a><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> website. The <a href="http://www.marist.edu/richinstitute/" target="_blank">Payne mansion</a> was donated to Marist College, which hosts the website.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[12]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
“Rhode Island was a key juncture of the ‘notorious triangle’ in which
Rhode Island rum was sold for African slaves, who then were sold in the
Caribbean for molasses and sugar that were, in turn, sold to rum
distillers in Rhode Island….The papers of other Rhode Islanders with
slave trade connections appear in Part 2. These businessmen lived in
Providence and Newport as well as Bristol, which was a center of the
African trade in later years, until the 1808 congressional ban on slave
importing.” Editorial Adviser: Jay Coughtry, Author of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700–1807</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[13]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> The battleships </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Maine</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> and </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>Texas</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, commissioned during </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/cleveland/essays/cabinet/1795" target="_blank">Whitney’s tenure</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, were useful in the Spanish-American War that began in 1898.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[14]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
Originally called Bangs & Stetson, the firm’s name was later
changed to Davis, Polk & Wardwell, though in 1890, while former
President Cleveland was a partner there, it was known as "Bangs,
Stetson, Tracy, & MacVeagh." Partner Charles Tracy was the
father-in-law of J.P. Morgan. Its offices were located at 15 Broad,
next door to the Morgan bank. Bangs made his reputation by taking on
William ‘Boss’ Tweed, whose corrupt political machine dominated New York
City in the 19th century. Stetson was one of the first attorneys to
build a large practice by advising corporations on business matters (as
opposed to litigation). In 1887 Stetson began representing J. Pierpont
Morgan when he helped Morgan combine several small electric companies
into General Electric. The firm had also been counsel for Samuel J.
Tilden in the Tilden-Hayes controversy over the 1876 Presidential
election and also set up the U.S. Steel, International Paper, and ITT
corporations. The Vault Guide to the Top 100 Law Firms, 7th edition,
(2004), p. 122; </span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">The
name “Wardwell” belonged to Stetson’s son-in-law, who was appointed to
the Red Cross Mission to Russia. This mission was discussed by Antony
Sutton in his book , </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://www.reformed-theology.org/html/books/bolshevik_revolution/" target="_blank">Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[15]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Hendrick , </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i><a href="http://business-ebooks.classic-literature.co.uk/the-age-of-big-business/ebook-page-42.asp" target="_blank">The Age of Big Business</a></i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, p. 42; . See also "</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.antiwar.com/justin/j013002.html" target="_blank">Taking Panama</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">." </span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[16]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Hodgson states that the firm was on the 14th floor of the Liberty Mutual Insurance Building at 32 Nassau. Godfrey Hodgson, </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><i>The Colonel</i></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, p. 48. Today’s maps do not identify that building, but it appears to have been very near the New York Fed.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[17]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
McKinley favored the remonetization of silver. Aware of silver
sentiment among his constituents, he sought some means of securing
bimetallism without inflation and therefore surprisingly voted with the
Democratic majority to pass the Bland-Allison Act of 1878 over the veto
of President Hayes, authorizing limited silver purchases and instructing
the treasury secretary either to coin the silver or to issue silver
certificates. As author of the McKinley Tariff Act in 1890, he forced
tariffs to new highs. He was then defeated for reelection to Congress.
He served as governor during the Panic of 1893, before being nominated
for President. Although McKinley was prepared to campaign on the issue
of tariffs, the nomination of William Jennings Bryan—an ardent
free-silver advocate—changed the central issue of the campaign. McKinley
dropped his advocacy of silver coinage and came out strongly for the
gold standard, winning the support of President Cleveland and many other
conservative Democrats.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[18]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Hay carried to the Treaty the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/mkinly3.htm" target="_blank">protocol issued by McKinley</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">. In the re-election campaign, the </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><a href="http://elections.harpweek.com/1900/Overview-1900-1.htm" target="_blank">Republican Platform</a></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">
characterized the Spanish-American War as “a war for liberty and human
rights … a war unsought and patiently resisted,” and called Americans to
“a new and noble responsibility” in foreign affairs. The document
reaffirmed the party’s traditional commitments to the gold standard,
tariff protectionism, trade reciprocity, veterans’ pensions, voting
rights for all races, and an inter-oceanic canal in Central America. It
approved the annexation of Hawaii (1898), antitrust legislation, and the
creation of a cabinet-level department of commerce. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: times;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"><b>[19]</b></span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> Another fascinating Cabinet member during this era was </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Charles Joseph Bonaparte</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">,
great-nephew of the Emperor Napoleon—first serving as Secretary of the
Navy, and then as Attorney General during Theodore Roosevelt’s
administration. In 1875 Bonaparte, a Baltimore attorney, married </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Ellen Channing Day</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">, daughter of </span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;">Bonesman, Thomas Mills Day</span><span class="size10 Helvetica10" style="color: black;"> (1837), in Newport, Rhode Island.</span></span></div>
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